10,121 research outputs found
A dynamical collective calculation of supernova neutrino signals
We present the first calculations with three flavors of collective and shock
wave effects for neutrino propagation in core-collapse supernovae using
hydroynamical density profiles and the S matrix formalism. We explore the
interplay between the neutrino-neutrino interaction and the effects of multiple
resonances upon the time signal of positrons in supernova observatories. A
specific signature is found for the inverted hierarchy and a large third
neutrino mixing angle and we predict, in this case, a dearth of lower energy
positrons in Cherenkov detectors midway through the neutrino signal and the
simultaneous revelation of valuable information about the original fluxes. We
show that this feature is also observable with current generation neutrino
detectors at the level of several sigmas.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Active Brownian Motion Tunable by Light
Active Brownian particles are capable of taking up energy from their
environment and converting it into directed motion; examples range from
chemotactic cells and bacteria to artificial micro-swimmers. We have recently
demonstrated that Janus particles, i.e. gold-capped colloidal spheres,
suspended in a critical binary liquid mixture perform active Brownian motion
when illuminated by light. In this article, we investigate in some more details
their swimming mechanism leading to active Brownian motion. We show that the
illumination-borne heating induces a local asymmetric demixing of the binary
mixture generating a spatial chemical concentration gradient, which is
responsible for the particle's self-diffusiophoretic motion. We study this
effect as a function of the functionalization of the gold cap, the particle
size and the illumination intensity: the functionalization determines what
component of the binary mixture is preferentially adsorbed at the cap and the
swimming direction (towards or away from the cap); the particle size determines
the rotational diffusion and, therefore, the random reorientation of the
particle; and the intensity tunes the strength of the heating and, therefore,
of the motion. Finally, we harness this dependence of the swimming strength on
the illumination intensity to investigate the behaviour of a micro-swimmer in a
spatial light gradient, where its swimming properties are space-dependent
Low energy neutrino scattering measurements at future Spallation Source facilities
In the future several Spallation Source facilities will be available
worldwide. Spallation Sources produce large amount of neutrinos from
decay-at-rest muons and thus can be well adapted to accommodate
state-of-the-art neutrino experiments. In this paper low energy neutrino
scattering experiments that can be performed at such facilities are reviewed.
Estimation of expected event rates are given for several nuclei, electrons and
protons at a detector located close to the source. A neutrino program at
Spallation Sources comprises neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements
relevant for neutrino and core-collapse supernova physics, electroweak tests
and lepton-flavor violation searches.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 5 table
Microscopic description of Coulomb and nuclear excitation of multiphonon states in Ca + Ca collisions
We calculate the inelastic scattering cross sections to populate one- and
two-phonon states in heavy ion collisions with both Coulomb and nuclear
excitations. Starting from a microscopic approach based on RPA, we go beyond it
in order to treat anharmonicities and non-linear terms in the exciting field.
These anharmonicities and non-linearities are shown to have important effects
on the cross sections both in the low energy part of the spectrum and in the
energy region of the Double Giant Quadrupole Resonance. By properly introducing
an optical potential the inelastic cross section is calculated semiclassically
by integrating the excitation probability over all impact parameters. A
satisfactory agreement with the experimental results is obtained.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, revtex, to be published in Phys. Rev.
What's on your plate? Collecting multimodal data to understand commensal behavior
Eating is a fundamental part of human life and is, more than anything, a social activity. A new field, known as Computational Commensality has been created to computationally address various social aspects of food and eating. This paper illustrates a study on remote dining we conducted online in May 2021. To better understand this phenomenon, known as Digital Commensality, we recorded 11 pairs of friends sharing a meal online through a videoconferencing app. In the videos, participants consume a plate of pasta while chatting with a friend or a family member. After the remote dinner, participants were asked to fill in the Digital Commensality questionnaire, a validated questionnaire assessing the effects of remote commensal experiences, and provide their opinions on the shortcomings of currently available technologies. Besides presenting the study, the paper introduces the first Digital Commensality Data-set, containing videos, facial landmarks, quantitative and qualitative responses. After surveying multimodal data-sets and corpora that we could exploit to understand commensal behavior, we comment on the feasibility of using remote meals as a source to build data-sets to investigate commensal behavior. Finally, we explore possible future research directions emerging from our results
Production of K∗(892)0 and φ(1020) in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
The production of K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) in pp collisions at was measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The yields and the transverse momentum spectra d2 N/dydp T at midrapidity |y|<0.5 in the range
Social Interaction Data-sets in the Age of Covid-19: a Case Study on Digital Commensality
Research focusing on social interaction often leverages data-sets, allowing annotation, analysis, and modeling of social behavior. When it comes to commensality, researchers have started working on computational models of food and eating-related activities recognition. The growing research area known as Digital Commensality, has focused on meals shared online, for instance, through videochat. However, to investigate this topic, traditional data-sets recorded in laboratory settings may not be the best option in terms of ecological validity. Covid-19 restrictions and lock-downs have increased in online gatherings, with many people becoming used to the idea of sharing meals online. Following this trend, we propose the concept of collecting data by recording online interactions and discuss the challenges related to this methodology. We illustrate our approach in creating the first Digital Commensality data-set, containing recordings of food-related social interactions collected online during the Covid-19 outbreak
Development and comparative evaluation of different screening methods for detection of Staphylococcus aureus
Development and application of an electrochemical plate coupled with immunomagnetic beads (ELIME) array for salmonella enterica detection in meat samples
Salmonella is one of the main organisms causing outbreaks of foodborne illness, and meat is one of the major vehicles of salmonellosis throughout the world. A novel analytical immunosensor array, based on a 96-well electrochemical plate coupled with immunomagnetic beads (ELIME array), is proposed for the detection of Salmonella in meat samples. After an optimization study, using Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis as reference antigen, the ability of the method to interact with a large number of Salmonella serovars commonly present in food was evaluated. The assay was then used to analyze samples of pork, chicken, beef, and turkey experimentally inoculated with Salmonella as well as real samples. The results were compared with those from the International Standard of Organization (ISO) culture method. The comparison showed that the ELIME array is able to detect a low number of Salmonella cells (1-10 CFU per 25 g) after only 6 h of incubation in a pre-enrichment broth. The investigation revealed a very good agreement between culture and ELIME array methods for meat samples, reducing the time for performing the analysis and obtaining the results quickly
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