Limits to compensatory adaptation and the persistence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 281591 and from the Royal Society.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Herbicide mixtures at high doses slow the evolution of resistance in experimentally evolving populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The widespread evolution of resistance to herbicides is a pressing issue in global agriculture. Evolutionary principles and practices are key to the management of this threat to global food security. The application of mixtures of herbicides has been advocated as an anti-resistance strategy, without substantial empirical support for its validation. We evolved experimentally populations of the unicellular green chlorophyte, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of single-herbicide modes of action and to pair-wise and three-way mixtures between different herbicides at various total combined doses. Herbicide mixtures were most effective when each component was applied at or close to its MIC. When doses were high, increasing the number of mixture components was also effective in reducing the evolution of resistance. Employing mixtures at low combined doses did not retard resistance evolution, even accelerating the evolution of resistance to some components. At low doses, increasing the number of herbicides in the mixture tended to select for more generalist resistance (cross-resistance). Our results reinforce findings from the antibiotic resistance literature and confirm that herbicide mixtures can be very effective for resistance management, but that mixtures should only be employed where the economic and environmental context permits the applications of high combined doses

Testing the Role of Genetic Background in Parallel Evolution Using the Comparative Experimental Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 281591 and from the Royal Society. V.F. was supported by an MEC Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Spanish Government (EX-2010-0958). T.V. and M.K. carried out the experimental work and analyzed experimental data with R.C.M.; V.F. constructed the phylogeny; V.F. and T.V. carried out comparative analyses; T.V. and R.C.M. prepared the manuscript and all authors contributed to designing the study.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions in spatially structured populations

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Vogwill JEB persistence resistance

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Vogwill Maclean metanalysis for dryad August 2014

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