Einfluss der Formstoffparameter und der Formfüllung auf die Entstehung von Gasporosität bei Aluminium-Sandguss

Bei der Arbeit stellte sich heraus, dass die Verwendung von aktiviertem Calciumbentonit oder von natürlichem Natriumbentonit als Formstoffbinder zu deutlich geringeren Porositäten im Gussstück führt als die Verwendung eines Calciumbentonits. Ein hoher Wassergehalt im Formstoff, z.B. bedingt durch einen hohen Schlämmstoffanteil, führt zu einer Erhöhung der Porosität. Stärker als der Formstoff jedoch wirkte sich die Formfüllung auf die Porosität im Gussstück aus, da bei einer Überschreitung der kritischen Gießgeschwindigkeit eine verstärkte Turbulenzbildung verursacht wird. Bei Dauerschwingfestigkeitsuntersuchungen zeigte sich, dass bei bearbeiteten Proben, trotz Verwendung verschiedener Nassgusssande ein vergleichbares Dauerfestigkeitsniveau auftritt. Unterschiede ergaben sich jedoch bei Verwendung verschiedener Gießverfahren und somit unterschiedlicher Formfüllbedingungen. Beim turbulenzarmen Niederdruckguss wurde eine höhere Dauerfestigkeit erzielt als beim Schwerkraftguss

The importance of sulfur for the behavior of highly-siderophile elements during Earth’s differentiation

AbstractThe highly siderophile elements (HSEs) are widely used as geochemical tracers for Earth’s accretion and core formation history. It is generally considered that core formation strongly depleted the Earth’s mantle in HSEs, which were subsequently replenished by a chondritic late veneer. However, open questions remain regarding the origin of suprachondritic Ru/Ir and Pd/Ir ratios that are thought to be characteristic for the primitive upper mantle. In most core-formation models that address the behavior of the HSEs, light elements such as S entering the core have not been taken into account and high P–T experimental data for S-bearing compositions are scarce. Here we present a comprehensive experimental study to investigate the effect of increasing S concentration in the metal on HSE metal–silicate partitioning at 2473K and 11GPa. We show that the HSEs become less siderophile with increasing S concentrations in the metal, rendering core-forming metal less efficient in removing the HSEs from the mantle if S is present. Furthermore, we investigated the FeS sulfide–silicate partitioning of the HSEs as a function of pressure (7–21GPa) and temperature (2373–2673K). The sulfide–silicate partition coefficient for Pt increases strongly with P, whereas those for Pd, Ru and Ir all decrease. The combined effect is such that above ∼20GPa Ru becomes less chalcophile than Pt, which is opposite to their behavior in the metal–silicate system where Ru is always more siderophile than Pt. The newly determined experimental results are used in a simple 2-stage core formation model that takes into account the effect of S on the behavior of the HSEs during core formation. Results of this model show that segregation of a sulfide liquid to the core from a mantle with substantial HSE concentrations plays a key role in reproducing Earth’s mantle HSE abundances. As Ru and Pd are less chalcophile than Pt and Ir at high P–T, some Ru and Pd remain in the mantle after sulfide segregation. Addition of the late veneer then raised the concentrations of all HSE to their current levels. Suprachondritic Ru/Ir and Pd/Ir ratios of the mantle can thus be explained by a combination of sulfide segregation together with the addition of a late veneer without the need to invoke unknown chondritic material

Diagnóstico y propuesta de intervención en salud mental, estrés laboral y conflicto organizacional en una institución de salud pública de la región del Maule

94 p.Se reportan los resultados de un diagnóstico de salud ocupacional en funcionarios de una Institución de Salud Pública de la región del Maule. Un total de 414 funcionarios de una Institución de Salud Pública fueron evaluados con cuatro instrumentos: Cuestionario de Salud Mental de Goldberg (GHQ), Cuestionario de Estrés Laboral (JCQ), Escala de Presencia de Conflicto (ROCI-I) y Escala de Estilos de Manejo de Conflicto (ROCI-II). Los resultados indican que un 45,5% de los funcionarios presenta un deterioro medio-alto en su salud mental y un 44,6% sufre de estrés laboral. Se observa, además una alta incidencia de conflicto intrapersonal (25,9%), intragrupal (45,0%) e intergrupal (61,4%). También se encontró que el deterioro de la salud mental se correlaciona moderada y positivamente con el estrés laboral y la presencia de conflicto. A partir de los resultados encontrados se elaboró una propuesta de intervención orientada al desarrollo de factores psicosociales, tanto a nivel individual como organizacional, ya que según los resultados y los modelos revisados, estarían influenciando los niveles deteriorados de salud mental, estrés y conflicto, en la muestra examinada

Efecto del despunte y dos niveles de riego en la concentracion de principios activos y rendimiento en matico (Buddleja globosa Hope)

Resumen (Spanish, English)41 p.En un cultivo de matico (Buddleja globosa Hope), ubicado en la estación experimental Panguilemo de la Universidad de Talca (35º 23’ 13” LS y 71º 40’42” LW), se evaluó, durante su primer año, el efecto de un despunte de ápices y dos niveles de riego en la concentración de principios activos y en los caracteres de rendimiento de las plantas. Para ello se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial 2x2, donde el factor bloqueado fue el origen de las plantas y los factores evaluados fueron el riego (R1= suelo a 55%CC y R2= suelo a 20 % CC) y la poda (P1= plantas podadas y P2= plantas no podadas). El riego fue un factor determinante en los caracteres de rendimiento de las plantas, así como también en la concentración de taninos, encontrándose los valores mayores para estas variables en el sector R1. La realización de una poda tuvo un efecto positivo sólo para el área foliar de las hojas y el número de brotes emitidos por las plantas, mostrándose valores superiores en las plantas podadas pero sin producir un aumento del peso fresco de ellas. El factor poda no afectó la concentración de los principios activos presentes en las hojas

A Novel Isoallergen Dau c 1.0401 in Carrot : Stability, Allergenicity, and Comparison with Other Isoallergens

SCOPE: Around 25% of food allergic persons in Central Europe suffer from carrot allergy caused by the major carrot allergen Dau c 1. Three different isoallergens, Dau c 1.01, Dau c 1.02 and Dau c 1.03 are identified. However, information about the qualitative and quantitative composition of natural (n)Dau c 1 is scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS: The new carrot allergen Dau c 1.0401 is identified on the mRNA and protein level by RT-PCR and mass spectrometry. It displays only around 60% sequence identity to the other known Dau c 1 isoallergens. NMR and CD-spectra are typical for a well-folded protein containing both α-helices and β-strands. It showed a poor refolding capacity after incubation at 95 °C. IgE-binding is impaired in immunoblots, whereas in inhibition assays IgE binding to soluble Dau c 1.0401 is detected and it clearly provoked a response in mediator release assays. CONCLUSION: Dau c 1.0401 is a new isoallergen which contributes to the allergenicity of carrots. The absence of immunoreactivity in immobilized assays indicates that IgE binding is impaired when the protein is blotted on a solid phase. Altogether, the results point out that its allergenicity can be reduced upon carrot processing

A novel approach to the synthesis of N-substituted 1-C-aminomethyl glycofuranosides

Reductive amination of formyl C-glycofuranosides, easily available from hexose-derived equatorial-2-OH-glycopyranosides by DAST-promoted ring contraction, afforded N-substituted 1-C-aminomethyl glycofuranosides in most cases in high yield.European Commission, Directorate General for Science and Development FP6-508430Junta de Andalucía FQM14

Jumping on the bandwagon: The role of voters’ social class in poll effects in the context of the 2021 German federal election

Published findings of opinion polls are an important part of the political coverage before elections. Thus, researchers have long investigated whether the perceived popularity of political parties can lead to even more voters following this majority. However, empirical findings on this so-called political bandwagon effect are mixed. In the present paper, we integrate theories from political science and social psychology to explain these inconsistencies through social class as a potential moderating variable. Based on previous findings regarding consumer decisions, we hypothesized that bandwagon effects are greater among voters with lower social class. To investigate this hypothesis, we combined data from the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) Rolling Cross-Section 2021, which was collected over the 55 days before the 2021 German federal election, with the results of published preelection polls. Using separate multilevel models for each of the parties, we found no evidence for bandwagon effects. Only for the Social Democratic Party were poll results related to voting intentions assessed on the following day, suggesting that polls might have contributed to the party’s electoral success. However, there was no evidence for a moderation of bandwagon effects by voters’ social class. Accordingly, we could not resolve the mixed findings in this field of research. Our results point to important open questions in research on bandwagon effects in multiparty systems as well as on effects of social class in Germany. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11615-022-00417-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Food Processing does not Abolish the Allergenicity of the Carrot Allergen Dau c 1 : Influence of pH, Temperature and the Food Matrix

SCOPE: The major carrot allergen Dau c 1 belongs to the group of pathogenesis related class 10 (PR-10) proteins and is homologous to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. In contrast to most other PR-10 allergens, Dau c 1 can elicit Bet v 1 independent sensitization. Although Dau c 1 is considered heat labile, allergic reactions against cooked carrots are possible. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pH and temperature stability as well as the allergenic potential before and after treatment of purified natural (n) Dau c 1 and different recombinant (r) isoallergens is investigated: rDau c 1.0104, rDau c 1.0105, rDau c 1.0201, rDau c 1.0301. All proteins except rDau c 1.0201 are able to refold at physiological pH. pH conditions around the pI (4.4–5.5) or the presence of the carrot matrix reduce the refolding capacity. Below the pI, most isoallergens are heat resistant and still able to cause mediator release, indicating allergenicity. Moreover, cooked carrot extract is still able to provoke mediator release due to remaining soluble Dau c 1. CONCLUSION: Patients allergic to carrots should avoid processed carrot containing foodstuff because heating or pH treatment do not completely abolish the allergenicity of Dau c 1