On behavior of the fifth algebraic transfer

In this paper, we show that Singer's fifth transfer is not an epimorphism in degree 11. More precisely, it does not detect the element P(h_2) in Ext_A^{5,16}(F_2,F_2).Comment: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 14 November 200

Server Assignment with Time-Varying Workloads in Mobile Edge Computing

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a viable technology for mobile operators to push computing resources closer to the users so that requests can be served locally without long-haul crossing of the network core, thus improving network efficiency and user experience. In MEC, commodity servers are deployed in the edge to form a distributed network of mini datacenters. A consequential task is to partition the user cells into groups, each to be served by an edge server, to maximize the offloading to the edge. The conventional setting for this problem in the literature is: (1) assume that the interaction workload between two cells has a known interaction rate, (2) compute a partition optimized for these rates, for example, by solving a weighted-graph partitioning problem, and (3) for a time-varying workload, incrementally re-compute the partition when the interaction rates change. This setting is suitable only for infrequently changing workloads. The operational and computation costs of the partition update can be expensive and it is difficult to estimate interaction rates if they are not stable for a long period. Hence, this dissertation is motivated by the following questions: is there an efficient way to compute just one partition, no update needed, that is robust for a highly time-varying workload? Especially, what if we do not know the interaction rates at any time? By ``robust , we mean that the cost to process the workload at any given time remains small despite unpredictable workload increases. Another consideration is geographical awareness. The edge servers should be geographically close to their respective user cells for maximizing the benefits of MEC. This dissertation presents novel solutions to address these issues. The theoretical findings are substantiated by evaluation studies using real-world data

Ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutuminen Kaakkois-Aasiassa : – systemaattinen kartoitus Aasian kehityspankin projekteista vuosina 2016-2020

Kiinnostus ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumista kohtaan on lisääntynyt viime vuosina sekä tutkimus- että politiikkakontekstissa ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutusten tullessa yhä selvemmiksi. Vaikka Kaakkois-Aasian haavoittuvuus ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksille on yksi maailman korkeimpia, kokonaisvaltaista seurantaa siitä, miten alueen maat ja yhteisöt sopeutuvat ilmastonmuutokseen ei ole vielä tehty. Käytän tutkielmassani sopeutumistutkimukselle kehitettyä systemaattista katsausmenetelmää kartoittamaan Aasian kehityspankin Kaakkois-Aasian projekteista vuosina 2016-2020 löytyneitä ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumistoimia. Tuloksistani käy ilmi, että lähes viidesosa Aasian kehityspankin Kaakkois-Aasian sopeutumisprojekteista toimeenpannaan Kambodžhassa. Vähiten projekteja löytyi Thaimaasta ja Timor- Lestestä. Yleisesti ottaen tarkastelemani projektit olivat varsin linjassa globaalien sopeutumistrendien kanssa. Tulvat, kuivuus, myrskyt ja muut rankat sadeilmiöt olivat ilmastouhat, joihin vastattiin useimmiten sekä tarkastelemissani projekteissa että YK:n ilmastonsuojelun puitesopimuksen rahastojen projekteissa ja akateemisista julkaisuista identifioiduissa sopeutumistoimissa. Myös sektorit ja toimijat, joihin sopeutumistoimet liittyivät, olivat monenkeskisille rahoitusinstituutioille tyypillisiä, keskittyen maatalous- ja vesisektoreihin sekä kansallisiin ja paikallisiin hallintoihin ja maanviljelijöihin. Valmiuksien kehittäminen oli kaikista yleisin sopeutumistoimi, mikä viittaisi siihen, että Aasian kehityspankin toimeenpanemat sopeutumistoimet ovat yhä varsin alkuvaiheessa useimmissa Kaakkois-Aasian maissa. Näiden Kaakkois- Aasian ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumiseen liittyvien tulosten lisäksi tutkielmani osoittaa myös, että systemaattinen katsaus soveltuu metodina monenkeskisten kehityspankkien toimeenpanemien ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumistoimien seurantaan. Edellytyksenä tälle on kuitenkin riittävän informaation saatavuus relevanteista projekteista.As the effects of climate change have become increasingly more visible in recent years, interest in climate adaptation has grown in both research and policy contexts. However, although Southeast Asia is one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change impacts, there has not yet been an effort to comprehensively track how Southeast Asian countries and communities are adapting to climate change. I apply a systematic review methodology developed for adaptation research to map adaptation responses identified in the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) projects in Southeast Asia in 2016-2020. My results show that close to a fifth of the ADB’s adaptation projects in Southeast Asia is implemented in Cambodia, while Thailand and Timor-Leste are the least covered countries. In general, the characteristics of my examined projects are relatively similar to global adaptation trends. Flooding, drought, storms, and other heavy rainfall events are the most frequently addressed climate hazards by both the projects I examined as well as by UNFCCC climate fund projects and by adaptation responses documented in scientific papers. The sectors addressed and actors targeted by ADB projects were also typical to multilateral funding institutions, focusing on the agricultural and water sectors as well as national and local governments and farmers. Capacity building was the most frequent adaptation response category, indicating that adaptation implementation as delivered by the ADB is still in a relatively early phase in most Southeast Asian countries. In addition to results related to climate adaptation in Southeast Asia, I also demonstrate the applicability of a systematic review methodology for tracking climate change adaptation responses implemented by multilateral development banks, given sufficient information is made available on relevant projects

Community-Based Tourism and Destination Attractiveness: From Theory to Practice

Community-based tourism (CBT) is an approach for tourism development that highlights the active participation of the community as a producer, owner, decision-maker in the tourism development of a destination. It has been considered as a sustainable tourism development orientation because it creates employment and increases income for local communities, making them more aware of the responsibility to preserve and enrich their local tourism resources. However, one of the crucial indicators of the sustainability of a CBT venture is commercial viability which is mostly influenced by destination attractiveness to the tourists. Firstly, this paper aims at identifying core attractive attributes from which CBT is frequently developed. A case-based study is carried out on thirty documented successful CBT practices in many parts of the world. From that, this paper points out five types of core attractive attribute of the destination on which CBT can be developed. Then, this paper will discuss how CBT can make a destination more attractive. Finally, the paper will suggest some actions for tourism policymakers of a CBT destination. Keywords: community-based tourism, destination attractiveness, sustainable tourism, core attractive attributes, community participation DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/49-04 Publication date:May 31st 202

The Impacts of Land-Use Input Conditions on Flow and Sediment Discharge in the Dakbla Watershed, Central Highlands of Vietnam

The main objective of this study was to evaluate various land-use input conditions in terms of the performance improvement found in consequent flow and sediment simulations. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was applied to the Dakbla watershed from 2000 to 2018. After the calibration and validation processes, dissimilar effects between the input conditions on the flow and sediment simulations were confirmed. It was recognized that the impact of the land use on the sediment simulation was more sensitive than with the flow simulation. Additionally, through monthly evaluation, the effects against the flow and sediment in the rainy season were larger than those in the dry season, especially for sediment simulation in the last three months from October to December. Changing land-use conditions could improve flow and sediment simulation performance better than the performance found with static land-use conditions. Updated land-use inputs should be considered in simulations if the given land-use condition changes in a relatively short period because of frequent land-use policy changes by a local government

The causal relationships between components of customer-based brand equity for a destination: Evidence from South Korean tourists in Danang city, Vietnam

The main purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationships between components of customer-based brand equity for a tourist destination. We have collected data from 252 South Korean tourists in Danang City and tested some hypotheses by applying structural equation modeling (SEM). Results show that: (1) destination brand awareness has a significant and positive effect on destination brand image, but not on destination perceived quality and destination brand loyalty; (2) destination brand image has positive and direct influences on destination perceived quality and destination brand loyalty; and (3) destination perceived quality has significant positive impacts on destination brand loyalty. Lastly, these findings have managerial implications for decision makers

Effects of local land-use policies and anthropogenic activities on water quality in the upstream Sesan River Basin, Vietnam

Study region: This study focuses on the upstream Sesan River Basin in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Study focus: Local land-use policies and human activities can significantly affect hydrology and increase the magnitude of erosion and nutrients in downstream areas. The effects in terrestrial regions on water quality of the target area were evaluated during the 2000-2018 period using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) with updated land-use conditions following the local policy decisions and agricultural practices in different periods. New hydrological insights for the regions: This study indicates that the implementation of the local land-use policies, along with extensive anthropogenic activities, has had significant effects on the downstream aquatic environment as compared with the period before the implementation of the land-use policies. Higher annual sediment, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) load-ings were found upstream from the Poko Watershed, where range land predominated, and in southern and southwestern Dakbla Watershed, where arable land and permanent cropland pre-dominated. Arable land had the highest proportion of sediment and nutrient loadings into the reach, especially in the 2005-2009 period (conducting afforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization) and in the 2010-2014 period (applying crop conversion policy involving a shift from mixed forests to rubber forests). Understanding the watershed characteristics along with the combination of spatial land use, local land-use policies, and agricultural practices will support the implementation of regional land use and water resources management strategies more comprehensively

NOISE TRADER RISK: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM STOCK MARKET

Abstract: This paper investigates the existence of noise trader risk in Vietnam’s stock market and its effect on the daily returns of stock prices. The methodologies contain the estimation of GARCH (1,1) model to filter the residuals using the moving average method to calculate the impact of information traders. Noise trader risk or the risk that is caused by noise traders is derived by subtracting the residuals by the rational traders’ impact. We find that the noise trader risk does exist in Vietnam’s stock market and its impact on daily returns of stocks is unpredictable. Meanwhile, we find a positive impact of information traders on the stock returns. It increases the daily stock returns, and in turn, helps the market to correct itself because the stock prices move back to its fundamental value.Keywords: noise trader risk, GARCH (1,1), Vietnam’s stock marke

Lecane (Rotifera: Lecanidae) community in psammon habitat in Central Coast Vietnam: Diversity and relation to environmental condition

Characteristics of the Lecane (Rotifera) community in psammon in Central Coast Vietnam were investigated. A total of 50 taxa were identified in samples collected at hygropsammon zones of temporary pools, contributing 4 new species to rotifers' record of Vietnam. Psammonxenic species accounted for the largest percentage of Lecane community with 82%, followed by psammophiles (12%) and psammonbionts (6%). Influences of some environmental factors on the distribution of psammic lecanids were also observed. This group of organisms showed a slight tendency towards sand with grain sizes larger than 125 µm. Besides, other abiotic factors including pH, total phosphorus (TP) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were also found to significantly related to the distribution of some common Lecane species