Full-focused image fusion in the presence of noise

The implementation and analysis of the algorithm for the full-focused image fusion in the presence of noise are presented. Three methods of combining noisy images are considered: without pre-processing and post-processing, using prefiltration of original images, using post-filtering of the fused image. The database of test scenes created by the authors was used for testing the proposed algorithm for full-focused image fusion. Additive white Gaussian noise was considered as an noise model. Two-stage digital image processing scheme, based on principal components analysis was used as a filtering algorithm. Quantitative and visual results are shown and demonstrate the main features of the proposed algorithm

Monocular visual odometry and 3D reconstruction

This article concerns the algorithms of stereovision and visual odometry, which can be applied to solve a three-dimensional reconstruction problem through monocular vision and describes the basic stages of the system, advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned methods

Allocation of text characters of automobile license plates on the digital image

Computer vision algorithms become part of our everyday life. Often they care about safety and control of law and order. Now it sufficiently important task in Russia so, the article discuss of development this system to recognize Russian standard car numbers. For successful operation it is necessary to develop computer vision algorithms, adaptive to changing external conditions. Among the large number of such conditions, this article describes only the specific application for automatic license plate recognition. In the article this problem is solved with minimal use of a priori information about the object

Livestock abundance predicts vampire bat demography, immune profiles, and bacterial infection risk

Human activities create novel food resources that can alter wildlife–pathogen interactions. If resources amplify or dampen, pathogen transmission probably depends on both host ecology and pathogen biology, but studies that measure responses to provisioning across both scales are rare. We tested these relationships with a 4-year study of 369 common vampire bats across 10 sites in Peru and Belize that differ in the abundance of livestock, an important anthropogenic food source. We quantified innate and adaptive immunity from bats and assessed infection with two common bacteria. We predicted that abundant livestock could reduce starvation and foraging effort, allowing for greater investments in immunity. Bats from high-livestock sites had higher microbicidal activity and proportions of neutrophils but lower immunoglobulin G and proportions of lymphocytes, suggesting more investment in innate relative to adaptive immunity and either greater chronic stress or pathogen exposure. This relationship was most pronounced in reproductive bats, which were also more common in high-livestock sites, suggesting feedbacks between demographic correlates of provisioning and immunity. Infection with both Bartonella and haemoplasmas were correlated with similar immune profiles, and both pathogens tended to be less prevalent in high-livestock sites, although effects were weaker for haemoplasmas. These differing responses to provisioning might therefore reflect distinct transmission processes. Predicting how provisioning alters host–pathogen interactions requires considering how both within-host processes and transmission modes respond to resource shifts

Ecological and evolutionary drivers of hemoplasma infection and bacterial genotype sharing in a Neotropical bat community

Most emerging pathogens can infect multiple species, underlining the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that allow some hosts to harbour greater infection prevalence and share pathogens with other species. However, our understanding of pathogen jumps is based primarily around viruses, despite bacteria accounting for the greatest proportion of zoonoses. Because bacterial pathogens in bats (order Chiroptera) can have conservation and human health consequences, studies that examine the ecological and evolutionary drivers of bacterial prevalence and barriers to pathogen sharing are crucially needed. Here were studied haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (i.e., haemoplasmas) across a speciesâ€rich bat community in Belize over two years. Across 469 bats spanning 33 species, half of individuals and twoâ€thirds of species were haemoplasma positive. Infection prevalence was higher for males and for species with larger body mass and colony sizes. Haemoplasmas displayed high genetic diversity (21 novel genotypes) and strong host specificity. Evolutionary patterns supported codivergence of bats and bacterial genotypes alongside phylogenetically constrained host shifts. Bat species centrality to the network of shared haemoplasma genotypes was phylogenetically clustered and unrelated to prevalence, further suggesting rare—but detectable—bacterial sharing between species. Our study highlights the importance of using fine phylogenetic scales when assessing host specificity and suggests phylogenetic similarity may play a key role in host shifts not only for viruses but also for bacteria. Such work more broadly contributes to increasing efforts to understand crossâ€species transmission and the epidemiological consequences of bacterial pathogens

Multi-focus image fusion based on cellular automata method

Image merging is a process of obtaining one image from multiple. The resulting image carries more information about the photographed scene, than each of the originals. Such an image can be more useful when we deal with human or image processing system. Algorithms that performed this task are used in a wide applying in practical: computer vision, robotics, medicine, forensics, etc. In general, the problem of limited depth of field optical relieving device is solved. The article outlines the general provisions forming multi- focus mages, shows the classification of existing algorithms. In addition, the image distortion process of the blurring formation outside the focal plane was examined. The authors propose an algorithm of forming multi-focus images based on cellular automata. The results of the algorithm implementation are described in this article. Moreover, it is considered popular methods for assessing the quality of the images from different view points

Comparison of image focus assessment methods for multi-focused image construction

Image merging is a process of obtaining one image from multiple. The resulting image carries more information about the photographed scene, than each of the originals. Such an image can be more useful when we deal with human or image processing system. Algorithms that performed this task are used in a wide applying in practical: computer vision, robotics, medicine, forensics, etc. The most popular image focus assessment for usage in the task of forming a multi-focused image were considered. The classification of metrics evaluation was done. Experiments on suggested image focus metrics construction were minutely described. The forms of referenced characteristics were proposed. Using correlation analysis to select the best from the point of view of the problem, metrics and estimated time required for their computation were discussed