Konkurentnost industrije Srbije kao pretpostavka njenog efikasnog razvoja

u savremenim globalizovanim ekonomskim uslovima potreba za realizacijom poslovnih aktivnosti na međunarodnom tržištu postaje ključni faktor ekonomskog razvoja za veliki broj zemalja, između ostalog i Srbije. Kako be se izvozne aktivnosti realizovale neophodno je stvarati i unapređivati međunarodnu konkuretnost. Konkurentnost nije moguće graditi i unapređivati samo jednodimezionalno, jer ona predstavlja jako komplekstan i dinamičan fenomen. Za to je nužan razvoj konkurentskih prednosti kako za pojedine proizvode, ekonomske subjekte, tako i za privredne i industrijske grane i nacionalne ekonomije u celini. Danas, suštinu konkurentnosti u najvećem broju zemalja predstavljaju struktura i razvoj industrije, kao i način na koji preduzeća stiču i održavaju konkurentske prednosti. Konkurentnost srpske privrede je izuzetno niska. Osnovni razlog nekonkurentnosti je u pogrešnom tranzicionom konceptu i modelu ekonomskog razvoja posle 2001. godine, sa neprihvatljivim ekonomskim i socijalnim rešenjim. Srbija nije uspela u dovoljnoj meri da sledi put uspešnih zemalja u tranziciji, i da sprovede bezrezervnu podršku razvoju industrijskog sektora i istovremeno, njegovo efikasno restrukturiranje, koje bi obezbedilo adekvatnu izvoznu strukturu i konkurentnost. Sa globalnom ekonomskom krizom industrija je ušla u najkritičniju fazu dosadašnjeg razvoja. Transformacija srpske privrede i rast njene konkurentnosti predstavlja cilj pun izazova. Kako bi se obezbedio visok životni standard građana, neophodno je obezbediti stabilan i efikasan industrijski razvoj, koji će biti rezultat održive konkurentnosti, odnosno visoke produktivnosti. Ne osporavajući značaj uloge i mesta industrije u budućem privrednom razvoju, nužno je iz osnova promeniti strategiju njenog razvoja. Imajući u vidu korelaciju održivog ekonomskog rasta i izvoza industrije, posebno malih otvorenih privreda u tranziciji, kreiranje i sprovođenje strategije izvozne orijentacije industrije, treba da ima primarnu ulogu. Iskustva brzo rastućih ekonomija pokazuju da se dinamičan rast izvoza i poboljšanje ključnih ekonomskih indikatora najbrže postiže ubrzanim razvojem izvozne industrije. Efikasnost integrisanja srpske industrije u globalne međunarodne tokove, zahteva unapređenje konkurentnosti i dinamičnije sprovođenje strukturnih reformi. S obzirom da od konkurentnosti industrije zavisi nivo konkurentske sposobnosti privrede u celini, neophodna je strategija reindustrijalizacije, koja će počivati na znanju, inovacijama, novim tehnologijama. Ona bi trebalo da rezultira većim obimom i povoljnijom strukturom našeg izvoza, u pravcu porasta udela proizvoda više faze finalizacije i tehnološke intenzivnosti. Srpska industrija se mora orijentisati na prepoznavanje potencijala i razvitak svojih konkurentskih snaga i sposobnosti, u funkciji preduslova, faktora, strategija, politika i podsticaja. U tom smislu neophodno je definisanje relevantnih strategija i politika stvaranja, održanja i razvoja konkurentskih prednosti industrije i faktora konkurentnosti kao ključnih uslova za realizaciju izvozno orjentisane strategije.In the modern globalizes economic conditions for the realization of the needs of businesses in the international market is becoming a key factor of economic development for many countries, including Serbia. How to be the export activities carried out it is necessary to create and promote international competitiveness. Competitiveness is not possible to build and improve a single dimension only because it is very complex and dynamic phenomenon. For it is necessary to develop competitive advantages for some products, economic entities, as well as for commercial and industrial sectors and the national economy as a whole. Today, the essence of competition in most developed countries, developing countries and transition economies, the structure and development of the industry, and the way companies acquire and maintain competitive advantage. The competitiveness of Serbian economy is very low. The main reason is competitive in the wrong transition concept and model of economic development after 2001, with an unacceptable economic and social solution. Serbia has failed to adequately follow the path of successful countries in transition, and to conduct unconditional support of the industrial sector and at the same time, its effective restructuring, which would provide adequate structure and export competitiveness. With the global economic crisis the industry has entered a most critical stage of development so far. The transformation of Serbian economy and increase its competitiveness is a challenging goal. In order to ensure a high standard of living, it is necessary to ensure stable and efficient industrial development, which will be the result of sustainable competitiveness and high productivity. Without prejudice to the role and importance of industry in the future economic development, it is necessary to fundamentally change its development strategy. Bearing in mind the correlation of sustainable economic growth and export industries, especially small open economies in transition, the development and implementation of the strategy of export-oriented industries, should have a primary role. Experience fast-growing economies show that the dynamic growth of exports and improvement of key economic indicators achieved the fastest accelerating the development of export industries. The efficiency of integration of Serbian industry in the global international flows requires the improvement of competitiveness and dynamic implementation of structural reforms. Because of the competitiveness of industry depends on the level of competitiveness of the economy as a whole, requires a strategy of reindustrialization, which will be based on knowledge, innovation and new technologies. It should result in higher volume and favorable structure of our exports, in the direction of increasing the share of products more stages of finalization and technological intensity. Serbian industry should be oriented to the identification of potential and development of its competitive strengths and capabilities, operational requirements, factors, strategies, policies and incentives. In this regard it is necessary to define the relevant strategies and policies creation, maintenance and development of competitive advantages of industry and competitive factors as key conditions for the implementation of export-oriented strategy

Koncept različitosti u nastavi književnosti − komparativna analiza programa za prvi ciklus nastave u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji

This article focuses on the presence of the concept of dissimilitude in the selection of literary texts for children prescribed by the syllabi in Croatia and Serbia. The comparative analysis is based on providing a list of texts for the first cycle of education in the two syllabi through a concept-based (transcending the text) observation of dissimilitude, as well as a content-based (text-inherent) analysis of the presence of dissimilitude in these texts in its broadest sense. In the literary texts prescribed by the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia, the field of dissimilitude thematization can largely be attributed to the nature of the literary work itself, rather than the curricular or concept-based education policy behind the current syllabi. The paper presents results of the analyses of the two syllabi that are conceptually quite different. The aim of this paper is to compare educational strategies for teaching literature in two countries – Croatia and Serbia – by analysing the presence of dissimilitude in a selection of literary texts.U radu se razmatra prisutnost koncepta različitosti u izboru književnih tekstova za djecu koje propisuju nastavni programi u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji. Komparativna analiza polazi od popisa tekstova za prvi ciklus školovanja u oba programa i uočavanja koncepta različitosti u samim programskim koncepcijama (transcedentno tekstu), ali i sadržajima, putem analize prisustva najšire shvaćene teme različitosti u tim tekstovima (imanentno tekstu). U tekstovima propisanim u RH i RS s obzirom na polje tematizacije razlika se u najvećoj mjeri može pripisati prirodi djela, a ne programskoj i koncepcijskoj obrazovnoj politici važećih programa. U radu se iznose rezultati analiza programa koji su koncepcijski sasvim različiti. U odnosu na koncept različitosti u djelima oba programa razmatra se niz problema koji prate fenomen razlike. Cilj je rada usporediti obrazovne strategije nastave književnosti dviju zemalja – Hrvatske i Srbije – na primjeru analize prisustva koncepta različitosti u izboru književnog teksta

Network connectivity is shown to change in C57BL/6 mice during a continuing immune response subsequent to tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization

We have already demonstrated (Stojanovic et al., 2009) a connection between tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyperimmunization and the induction of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) in BALB/c mice. Here we show that C57BL/6 mice subjected to an identical procedure do not exhibit any like pathology attributable to anti-phospholipid antibodies; we explain that this absence results from idiotypic connectivity. Six groups of C57BL/6 mice were hyperimmunized with TTd in aluminum hydroxide or glycerol, with or without pretreatments. Pretreated mice had been injected with polyclonal or nonspecific immune stimulators, such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or glycerol. The epitope specificity of induced antibodies was tested by indirect ELISA using a tetanus toxoid immunogen and these autoantigens: phospholipids, gangliosides, laminin. Idiotypic connectivity was tested by competitive ELISA and gauged from the degree to which the interaction of idiotypic/anti-idiotypic complementary antibodies was inhibited in the presence of immunized sera antibodies. Higher idiotypic connectivity was noted amongst pretreated mice. There was a positive correlation between higher connectivity and autoantibody levels that acted to favor the participation of natural autoantibodies in the inhibitory process. We conclude that idiotypic connectivity plays a protective role in immunization-induced autoimmunity

The role of logistics in economic growth and global competitiveness*

Sve je veća potražnja za iznalaženjem novih obrazaca za gospodarski rast i razvoj, te povećanje konkurentnosti, pri čemu treba detaljnije razmotriti ulogu logistike. Glavna svrha članka je ispitati i usporediti učinke logističkih performansi zemalja EU-a, BRICS-a i ASEAN-a te testirati ulogu pojedinih logističkih komponenti. Metoda istraživanja temelji se na panel podacima uz primjenu regresije fiksnih učinaka za razdoblje od 2007. do 2018.godine. Rezultati potvrđuju da logistika ima pozitivan utjecaj na gospodarski rast i konkurentnost u ukupnom uzorku i zemljama EU-a, dok logistika doprinosi rastu konkurentnosti u zemljama BRICS-a. Identificirani su i pojedinačni doprinosi komponenti LPI-a, koji pokazuju važnost pod-indeksa za gospodarski rast i nacionalnu konkurentnost. Implikacije istraživanja naglašavaju ulogu logistike kao čimbenika gospodarskog rasta i razvoja te naglašavaju njezin potencijal u povećanju nacionalne konkurentnosti. Glavni doprinos su novi dokazi o učincima logistike na razini odabranih skupina zemalja, koji ističu važnost ovog sektora i daju preporuke kreatorima ekonomske politike.There is a rising demand to find new patterns for economic growth and development, and improving competitiveness, where the role of logistics should be considered in more detail. The main purpose of the article is to examine and compare the effects of countries’ logistics performance in EU, BRICS, and ASEAN, and to test the role of individual logistics components. The research method is based on panel data using fixed effects regressions for the period 2007-2018. The results confirm the positive impact of logistics on economic growth and competitiveness in the total sample and EU countries, while logistics contributes to rising competitiveness in BRICS countries. Individual contributions of LPI components were also identified, presenting the importance of sub-indices for economic growth and national competitiveness. The research implications emphasize the role of logistics as a factor of economic growth and development and highlight its potential in rising national competitiveness. The main contribution is new evidence on the effects of logistics at the level of selected groups of countries, which highlights the importance of this sector and provides recommendations for economic policymakers

Uslovi gajenja i zdravstveno stanje teladi na malim seoskim farmama

Good rearing conditions are the key factor for health and welfare of calves. Diarrhea, respiratory and navel infections are commonly referred to as the most common health problems in calves. The aim of this study was an observation of rearing conditions and the occurrence of the most common health problems in calves on small rural farms in Danube Region of Serbia. Data were colected from 30 farms by surveying the farmers. The questionary consisted of 75 questions pertaining to the following: general information on the farm, and on calving, nutrition, weaning, housing, hygiene of space for cows and calves, on calf diseases and diseases prevention measures. According to the answers, the average number of all categories of cattle at the fams is 18 heads. Calves are separated from their mothers immediately after birth at 67% farms. They receive colostrum up to two hours after birth at 47% of the farms and immediately after birth at 20% of the farms. Average age of calves at weaning is 13 weeks. Calves begin to use hay usually between the 1 st and 2 nd week of life, and a concentrated feed in 2 nd week. They are held in different types of pens. Farmers specified diarrhea and respiratory diseases as the most common health problems in calves. Rearing conditions at the farms often do not meet the recommendations and the breeders do not implement all of the necessary preventive measures. Corrections in this regard could contribute to better health of calves.Dobri uslovi gajenja su ključni faktor za očuvanje zdravlja i dobrobit teladi. Kao najčešći zdravstveni problemi teladi obično se navode prolivi, infekcije disajnih puteva i infekcije pupka. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je sagledavanje uslova gajenja i učestalost pojave najčešćih zdravstvenih problema kod teladi na malim seoskim farmama u Podunavskom regionu Srbije. Podaci su prikupljeni sa 30 farmi anketiranjem farmera. Anketa se sastojala od 75 pitanja koja su se odnosila na: opšte informacije o farmi, teljenje, ishranu teladi, odbijanje, smeštaj, higijenu prostora za smeštaj plotkinja i teladi, bolesti koje se javljaju kod teladi i mere preventive bolesti. Prema odgovorima, prosečan broj goveda svih kategorija na farmama je 18. Telad se na 67% farmi odmah po rođenju odvaja od majki. Dobijaju kolostrum 2 sata po rođenju na 47% farmi, a na 20% farmi odmah po rođenju. Prosečna starost teladi pri odbijanju je 13 nedelja. Telad počinje da koristi seno obično između 1. i 2. nedelje života, a koncentrat u 2. nedelji. Telad se drže u različitim tipovima bokseva. Farmeri su naveli proliv i respiratorne bolesti kao najčešće zdravstvene probleme kod teladi. Uslovi gajenja na farmama često nisu u skladu sa preporukama i odgajivači ne sprovode sve neophodne preventivne mere za sprečavanje pojave bolesti. Korekcije u ovom pogledu bi mogle doprineti boljem zdravstvenom stanju teladi

Gender-related differences in motor abilities of children in the fencing school

Fencing is very dynamic and combative sport, with the following requirements of competitors: instant resourcefulness, precision, courage and fast reaction in different situations. It is just for this reason that the training of young fencers involves improvement of all motor abilities focusing on agility, speed, and explosive strength. The aim of this research is to determine gender-related differences of motor abilities in children engaged in fencing. The sample consists of 50 children (26 boys and 24 girls) whose average age is 10.46 years and, who train fencing in the “Omladinac” in Zrenjanin and “Vojvodina” in Novi Sad. Motor abilities are tested by means of four motor tests. Differences are determined using multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance. The findings indicate that there is statistically significant difference related to Deep forward bend on the bench and T-test, which is in favor of girls, Long jump test from the standing start in favor of boys, whereas Tapping test does not show any significant difference between boys and girls. Numerous research works show that early early maturing girls have better results of motor performance than those with a slower process of maturation (11-13 years), whereas individual differences in terms of motor performance depend on growth and development, especially in boys. Matching of results is related to the observed statistically significant differences in explosive strength in favor of boys and suppleness in favor of girls

The influence of bulls on the quality of semen of holstein-friesian bulls

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the bull i.e. genotype on the observed traits of semen quality and to determine whether there are significant differences between bulls in terms of semen production. The study included 9 bulls of the Holstein-Friesian breed from the Livestock Center of PKB Corporation. The effect of the bull on certain semen properties (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility in the native ejaculate, sperm dilution, number of doses per ejaculate, sperm motility after thawing) was analyzed and data were collected during 2014. During this period, a total of 326 ejaculates from 9 bulls were collected and average values for the tested properties were determined and the effect of the bull on those properties was analyzed. The results showed that there was a very significant effect of the bull (p<0.001) on the degree of sperm dilution and the number of doses per ejaculate. Significant influence (p<0.01) was found in ejaculate volume traits, sperm concentration, sperm motility in the native ejaculate, while in sperm motility after thawing no significant effect (p> 0.05) of the bull was determined. The LSD test (Least Significant Difference) was used to compare the bulls and the results of this test showed in most cases significant differences between the bulls

ORGANIZATION OF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The greenhouse effect has led to a changed precipitation regime, an increase in the average temperature, the occurrence of extreme meteorological events (droughts and floods) and the like. All this harms the yield and quality of feed, the incidence of mycotoxins in food, reduced productivity of animals, the incidence of new and non-specific pathogens, the development of diseases, etc. According to the FAO and the World Bank, the countries most affected by climate change are the countries of Central Europe and the Mediterranean. The population of people living in rural areas and engaged in agriculture will be particularly at risk. With difficult working and living conditions and reduced incomes, there will be an increased migration of the population to the cities. The simultaneous decline in agricultural production and increased food demand will lead to a food supply crisis (FAO predicts that by 2050 the global population will increase to 9.6 billion people, resulting in a demand for 70% more food than in 2013).Cattle production is affected by the climate in different ways, directly and indirectly. Livestock condition, production level, reproductive performance, morbidity and mortality are correlated with climatic conditions. The most pronounced negative impact on the health and welfare of animals is a phenomenon called heat stress. Exposure to microclimatic conditions characterized by a combination of high temperature and air humidity overcomes the ability of animals to maintain normal thermoregulation and constant body temperature, leading to an increase in body temperature that exceeds physiological limits. In addition to the direct effects of heat stress on the productivity, reproduction and health status of animals, global warming also affects animals indirectly through reduced soil fertility, water availability, crop yields, quality of plant nutrients and the circulation of pathogenic agents. Finding a solution to mitigate and prevent the consequences of unfavourable climatic and microclimatic conditions is a challenge for the entire scientific and professional community, but also for every cattle breeder. Solutions can be biological and technological. Biological ones refer to the animals themselves (breed selection, selection for functional traits, selection for adaptability to heat stress, use of genomic selection, artificial insemination programs, herd size). Technological solutions relate to how animals are kept (free system, in outlets with canopies, use of grazing), facilities (new materials and technical solutions in the construction of facilities, use of insulating materials, regulation of microclimate conditions in facilities - ventilation and air humidity), nutrition and feeding (feeding method, feeding time, use of new types of feed, continuous water supply, etc.).The goal of agricultural production is to ensure food security in the face of climate change, and it is one of the most demanding tasks facing humanit

THE EFFECT OF COLLECTION SEASONS ON THE SEMEN QUALITY OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS

The study, which included 9 Holstein-Friesian bulls from the Livestock Center of the PKB Corporation, analyzed the impact of the ejaculate collection season on certain semen properties (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility in native ejaculate, sperm dilution, number of doses of one ejaculate and mobility of spermatozoa after thawing). For the purposes of this analysis, data for the three-year (2011-2013) and one-year period (2014) were used. In the three-year period, based on 621 ejaculates of three bulls, the average values for examined properties were calculated and the season's impact on these properties analyzed. The results show that the ejaculate collection season had a very significant effect (p 0.05)

Uticaj različitih materijala koji oblažu hidroksiapatit koštanog nosača na uspeh regeneracije koštanih defekta kalvarije zeca: histomorfometrijska i histološka analiza

Background/Aim. The materials used nowadays for bone replacement do not fully meet the requirements for complete regeneration, which is why new ones are being tested. Despite numerous attempts to improve bone tissue regeneration, no fulfilling material has been found yet. This study investigated the influence of poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as coatings for hydroxyapatite (HAP) bone carriers on bone tissue regenerative potential in rabbits? calvarial defect. Methods. Calvarial defects measuring 6 mm in diameter were made in 19 skeletally mature rabbits. Defects were filled with one of the following materials: PLGA coated HAP (HAP + PLGA), PEI coated HAP (HAP + PEI), and bovine HAP ? Bio-Oss? (positive control). Unfilled defects represented negative control. Histological analysis was performed in order to determine the inflammatory response of the host tissue. The formation of the new bone was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. All analyses have been conducted in samples obtained 3, 6, and 9 weeks after implantation. Results. Three weeks post-implantation, a trend toward increased healing in the HAP + PLGA group compared to other investigated materials was noticed, with no statistically significant difference between the study groups (p > 0.05). However, after 6 and 9 weeks, significant healing was observed in favor of the HAP coated with PLGA compared to other groups (pUvod/Cilj. Materijali koji se u današnje vreme koriste za nadoknadu koštanog tkiva ne dovode do kompletne regeneracije, zbog čega se ispituju novi. Uprkos mnogobrojnim pokušajima da se poboljša regeneracija koštanog tkiva, još uvek nije pronađen materijal koji ispunjava sve kriterijume. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi uticaj poli(laktid-ko-glikolida) (PLGA) i polietilenimina (PEI), kao premaza za oblaganje hidroksiapatita (HAP), na regenerativni potencijal koštanog tkiva u defektu kalvarije zeca. Metode. Kod 19 zečeva „zrelog” skeleta načinjeni su defekti kalvarije dijametra 6 mm. Defekti su potom ispunjeni jednim od sledećih materijala: HAP obložen PLGA (HAP + PLGA), HAP obložen PEI (HAP + PEI) i goveđi HAP – Bio-Oss® (pozitivna kontrola). Prazni defekti su predstavljali negativnu kontrolu. Inflamacijska reakcija tkiva domaćina je ispitana histološkom analizom. Formiranje nove kosti je procenjivano histomorfometrijskom analizom. Analizirani su uzorci dobijeni 3, 6 i 9 nedelja nakon implantacije. Rezultati. Tri nedelje nakon implantacije, uočena je tendencija boljeg zarastanja u HAP + PLGA grupi, bez statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih grupa (p > 0.05). Međutim, 6 i 9 nedelja nakon implantacije, primećeno je značajno formiranje koštanog tkiva u korist HAP + PLGA grupe (p < 0,05). Oblaganje HAP sa PLGA dovelo je do boljeg koštanog zarastanja u poređenju sa HAP+PEI i Bio-Oss®. Zaključak. U pogledu stimulisanja osteogeneze u rekonstruktivnoj hirurgiji kostiju, PLGA je pokazao veći potencijal prekrivanja defekta od PEI