Counting is almost all you need

The immune memory repertoire encodes the history of present and past infections and immunological attributes of the individual. As such, multiple methods were proposed to use T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires to detect disease history. We here show that the counting method outperforms two leading algorithms. We then show that the counting can be further improved using a novel attention model to weigh the different TCRs. The attention model is based on the projection of TCRs using a Variational AutoEncoder (VAE). Both counting and attention algorithms predict better than current leading algorithms whether the host had CMV and its HLA alleles. As an intermediate solution between the complex attention model and the very simple counting model, we propose a new Graph Convolutional Network approach that obtains the accuracy of the attention model and the simplicity of the counting model. The code for the models used in the paper is provided at: https://github.com/louzounlab/CountingIsAlmostAllYouNeed

POSITION REGULATOR OF ELECTRODE OF ELECTRIC ARC STEEL SMELTING FURNACE

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to electrothermics, particularly to automated position regulators of electrodes of electric arc steel smelting furnaces. According to the invention for each phase of the electric arc furnace the regulator contains a setting power mechanism, a unit of a dead band, an output of which is connected with the input of controlled reverse converter, to the output of which an electric engine of electrode travel is connected, and a threshold component, the output of which is connected to the control input of a controlled switch. The regulator is equipped with a magnifier, with a limit unit, an aperiodic filter, a summator and a unit for separation of error signal module, the output of which is connected to the input of the threshold component, while the input is connected with the output of the setting power mechanism, the first input of the summator and input of the magnifier, the output of which via the limit unit is connected with the input of the control switch, the output of which via the aperiodic filter is connected to the second input of the summator, the output of which is connected with the input of dead band unit. EFFECT: upgraded efficiency of furnace and reduction of specific consumption of electric power. 3 dwg.Изобретение относится к электротермии, в частности к автоматическим регуляторам положения электродов дуговых сталеплавильных электропечей. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение точности поддержания заданного электрического режима и, как следствие, повышение производительности печи и снижение удельного расхода электроэнергии. Согласно изобретению регулятор содержит для каждой фазы электропечи задатчик мощности, блок зоны нечувствительности, выход которого соединен с входом управляемого реверсивного преобразователя, к выходу которого подключен электродвигатель перемещения электрода, и пороговый элемент, выход которого соединен с управляющим входом управляемого ключа. Регулятор снабжен усилителем, блоком ограничения, апериодическим фильтром, сумматором и блоком выделения модуля сигнала ошибки, выход которого соединен с входом порогового элемента, а вход соединен с выходом задатчика мощности, первым входом сумматора и входом усилителя, выход которого через блок ограничений соединен с входом управляемого ключа, выход которого через апериодический фильтр соединен со вторым входом сумматора, выход которого соединен с входом блока зоны нечувствительности. 3 ил

TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE OF ELECTRIC RESISTANCE FURNACE

FIELD: performing operations. SUBSTANCE: device provided additionally with module selector, amplifier, square-root extractor, digit selector and multiplier. Moreover, the multiplier output is connected to the input of a controller, and the primary input of said controller is connected via the square-root extractor to the amplifier output. EFFECT: enhancement of control accuracy. 1 dwg.Изобретение относится к области приборостроения и может быть использовано для управления температурным режимом электрической печи сопротивления. Технический результат - повышение точности регулирования. Для достижения данного результата устройство дополнительно содержит блок выделения модуля, усилитель, блок извлечения квадратного корня, блок выделения знака и блок умножения. При этом выход блока умножения соединен с входом блока управления, а его первый вход через блок извлечения квадратного корня с выходом усилителя. 1 ил

ARC FURNACE ELECTRIC MODE CONTROLLER POWER SETTER

FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: arc furnace electric mode controller power setter containing a furnace phase current sensor, an arc current setting unit, an arc voltage sensor, an arc voltage setting unit and a comparator unit is additionally equipped with a first, a second and a third multiplier units, an amplifier, a divider unit and a multi-functional transducer. The first output of the multi-functional transducer is connected to the second input of the first multiplier unit whose first input is connected to the comparator unit output via the amplifier. The first multiplier unit output is connected to the first input of the divider unit whose output is the device output. The second input of the divider unit is connected to the second output of the multi-functional transducer whose first input is connected to the output of the furnace transformer voltage level switch with its second input connected to the connected to the output of the phase current setting unit and the second input of the second multiplier unit the first input whereof is connected to the current sensor output; the second multiplier unit output is connected to the first input of the comparator unit the second input whereof is connected to the output of the third multiplier unit the first and the second inputs whereof are connected to the voltage sensor output and the voltage setting unit output accordingly. EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities of the controller power setter. 4 dwg.Изобретение относится к электротермии. Технический результат заключается в расширении функциональных возможностей задатчика мощности регулятора. Он достигается тем, что задатчик мощности регулятора электрического режима дуговой печи, содержащий датчик тока фазы печи, блок задания тока дуги, датчик напряжения дуги, блок задания напряжения дуги и блок сравнения, дополнительно снабжен первым, вторым и третьим блоками умножения, усилителем, блоком деления и многофункциональным преобразователем, первый выход многофункционального преобразователя подключен ко второму входу первого блока умножения, первый вход которого через усилитель связан с выходом блока сравнения, а выход первого блока умножения соединен с первым входом блока деления, выход которого является выходом устройства, а второй вход блока деления связан со вторым выходом многофункционального преобразователя, первый вход которого соединен с выходом переключателя ступеней напряжения печного трансформатора, а второй его вход связан с выходом блока задания тока фазы и вторым входом второго блока умножения, первый вход которого соединен с выходом датчика тока, выход второго блока умножения соединен с первым входом блока сравнения, второй вход которого связан с выходом третьего блока умножения, первый вход которого подключен к выходу датчика напряжения, а второй вход - к выходу блока задания напряжения. 4 ил

Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit

Practical quantum computing will require error rates that are well below what is achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction offers a path to algorithmically-relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical qubits, where increasing the number of physical qubits enhances protection against physical errors. However, introducing more qubits also increases the number of error sources, so the density of errors must be sufficiently low in order for logical performance to improve with increasing code size. Here, we report the measurement of logical qubit performance scaling across multiple code sizes, and demonstrate that our system of superconducting qubits has sufficient performance to overcome the additional errors from increasing qubit number. We find our distance-5 surface code logical qubit modestly outperforms an ensemble of distance-3 logical qubits on average, both in terms of logical error probability over 25 cycles and logical error per cycle ($2.914\%\pm 0.016\%$ compared to $3.028\%\pm 0.023\%$). To investigate damaging, low-probability error sources, we run a distance-25 repetition code and observe a $1.7\times10^{-6}$ logical error per round floor set by a single high-energy event ($1.6\times10^{-7}$ when excluding this event). We are able to accurately model our experiment, and from this model we can extract error budgets that highlight the biggest challenges for future systems. These results mark the first experimental demonstration where quantum error correction begins to improve performance with increasing qubit number, illuminating the path to reaching the logical error rates required for computation.Comment: Main text: 6 pages, 4 figures. v2: Update author list, references, Fig. S12, Table I

Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor

Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date - including fermions, bosons, and Abelian anyons - this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. While efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasi-particles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction via unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of employing the anyons for quantum computation and utilize braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and - through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection - could open a path toward fault-tolerant quantum computing

Graphic Language in Law

Language in this paper is understood as a system of signs of various physical nature, which serves cognitive and communicative functions in human thinking. Languagesare formed naturally or created by man artificially for certain purposes. The graphic language as a class belongs to artificial language systems. Graphic language inlaw is not a unique phenomenon. The system of state symbols studied by heraldry is a variety of the graphical language, just as traffic signs and other signs in transport — water, sea, air, rail, pipeline. The military have a system of symbols of their own such as grade and branch insignia. Industrial signs and designs (for radiation,high tension, magnetic fields) is another example. This paper will attempt to disclose the concept of graphic language and to justify its role in law. The functions of thegraphics language and the main types of schemes are considered. The main stages of the schematization process are shown. The author's point of view on the ratioof schematization and visualization, graphic concept and grapheme is expressed. Specific examples are used to demonstrate the possibilities of multi-layered visualsas one of the most promising contemporary varieties of schematization. According to the author, artificial intelligence and natural intelligence are complementary andshould interact and mutually develop — co-develop. It means that not only machines should master various functions of human thinking but man equally needs to learnfrom machines in certain cases — in order to be able to form ontologies, synthesize algorithms, understand the language and operational logic of artificial intelligence.The graphic language, the one of drawings, schemes, graphs, which is quite abstract and formalized but at the same time understandable and proportionate to ordinaryhuman thinking, could thus become a "bridge" between artificial and natural intelligence. From this point of view, there is obvious promise in the development and useof different types of graphic languages in law, as well as in other humanitarian areas of human activity

On Creation of Multi-Wave Screens

В статье изложено теоретическое обоснование проектирования многоволновых грохотов для разделения ультрадисперсных порошков. Указаны преимущества предлагаемых грохотов по сравнению с известными сепараторами. Приводятся характеристики материалов, подходящих для создания реальных проектов многоволновых грохотов.In this article, an attempt on theoretical justification of design of a multi-wave separator for dispersion of ultrafine powders is made. The advantages of such separator, as compared to the ordinary one, are specified. The characteristics of materials appropriate for creation of real designs of multi-wave screen-separators are considered

Structural analysis and cytokine-induced activity of gelling sulfated polysaccharide from the cystocarpic plants of Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis

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