8 research outputs found
Possibility of applying the remediation process of soil polluted with heavy metals and arsenic using autochthonuos plant species with their use for energy
Π£ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΅. ΠΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°, Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ βΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°β, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° βΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ°β, Π¨Π°Π±Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ (Pb), ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ (Cd), Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ (Cu), ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ (Zn) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ (As), ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°: ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° (Populus ssp.), ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ²ΠΎ (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), Π±Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΠΌ (false acacia, Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (Verbascum thapsus L.) ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°.
Π₯Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π½ ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ (Pb),
vi
ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ (Cd), Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ (Cu), ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ (Zn), Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ (Ni), Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ (Cr) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ (As). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ°: Artemisia artemisiifolia L., Ailanthus glandulosa L., false acacia, Populus ssp. ΠΈ Verbascum thapsus L. ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·Ρ: Zn>>Pb>>Cu>Cd>As>Ni>Cr. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni ΠΈ As, Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ 7 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡ: 22,948.64 mg Pb/kg, 865.36 mg Cd/kg, 85,301.73 mg Zn/kg, 3,193.32 mg Cu/kg, 50.72 mg Ni/kg, 41.67 mg Cr/kg ΠΈ 617.94 mg As/kg. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr ΠΈ As ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° 36.83% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Pb, 25.48% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Cd, 15.73% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Zn, 23.32% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ni, 96.13% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Cr, 36.85% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ As ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Cu Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΡ...In this thesis has studied the degree of contamination by heavy metals of the selected location for research, with the analysis of the possible use of existing autochthonous plant species that are naturally developed for phytoremediation process, that does not require significant financial investment, and analysis of the aspects of the use of biomass, originating from remediation of the selected location, for energy purposes. For research is chosen the location where was disposed industrial waste from the chemical industry, "Non-ferrous metallurgy", a joint stock company for the production and processing of zinc "Zorka", Ε abac in restructuring. By systematization of existing knowledge in the field of the heavy metals contaminated sites and possibilities of using biomass for energy purposes of plant origin from the remediation of such sites and by experimental verification of assumptions about the pollution of the selected location, research identified polluting elements in the soil at the research location, primarily metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and metalloid arsenic (As), with an assessment of the potential of native wild plants from the research location: poplar (Populus ssp.), ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), false acacia (acacia, Robinia pseudoacacia L.), ragweed (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), and mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) which could be enforced site remediation, by phytoremediation, phytoextraction or phytostabilisation, with an emphasis on energy utilization of biomass from tested native wild plants, created by phytoremediation on the research location and in this regard related processes, an analysis of the potential risks and benefits obtained from the use of biomass as fuel.
By chemical and instrumental methods was found that the location of research, in which the jarosite waste, as residue waste originating from industrial production of zinc and cadmium by hydrometallurgy process, has disposed, mixed and cover with soil, is polluted with toxic heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and metalloid arsenic (As).
Soil contamination by heavy metals in the rhizosphere of tested plant species:
x
Artemisia artemisiifolia L., Ailanthus glandulosa L., false acacia, Populus ssp. and Verbascum thapsus L. was in the following decreasing order: Zn>>Pb>>Cu>Cd>As>Ni>Cr. Mean values of metal concentrations, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni ΠΈ As, in the the rhizosphere of tested plant species during the 7 years of research are: 22,948.64 mg Pb/kg, 865.36 mg Cd/kg, 85,301.73 mg Zn/kg, 3,193.32 mg Cu/kg, 50.72 mg Ni/kg, 41.67 mg Cr/kg and 617.94 mg As/kg. Mean values of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and As were decreased compared to the concentrations of these elements in the first year, and that, for 36.83% in the case of Pb, 25.48% in the case of Cd, 15.73% in the case of Zn, 23.32 % in the case of Ni, 96.13% in the case of Cr, 36.85% in the case of As, which indicated that natural processes related to phytoremediation, taking place on the examined site. In the case of Cu there has been no significant change in concentration in the soiL..
Fitoremedijacijski potencijal divljih biljnih vrsta koje rastu na zemljiΕ‘tu kontaminiranom teΕ‘kim metalima
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs higher plants to cleanup contaminated environments, including metal-polluted soils. Because it produces a biomass rich in extracted toxic metals, further treatment of this biomass is necessary. The aim of our study was to assess the five-year potential of the following native wild plants to produce biomass and remove heavy metals from a polluted site: poplar (Populus ssp.), ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), ragweed (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), and mullein (Verbascum thapsus L). Average soil contamination with Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the root zone was 22,948.6 mg kg-1, 865.4 mg kg-1, 85,301.7 mg kg-1, 3,193.3 mg kg-1, 50.7 mg kg-1, 41.7 mg kg-1,and 617.9 mg kg-1, respectively. We measured moisture and ash content, concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the above-ground parts of the plants and in ash produced by combustion of the plants, plus gross calorific values. The plants\u27 phytoextraction and phytostabilisation potential was evaluated based on their bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). Mullein was identified as a hyperaccumulator for Cd. It also showed a higher gross calorific value (19,735 kJ kg-1) than ragweed (16,469 kJ kg-1).The results of this study suggest that mullein has a great potential for phytoextraction and for biomass generation, and that ragweed could be an effective tool of phytostabilisation.Fitoremedijacija je tehnologija kojom se pomoΔu biljaka zemljiΕ‘ta Δiste od zagaΔivala, ukljuΔujuΔi metale. S obzirom na to da se stvara biomasa bogata ekstrahiranim toksiΔnim metalima, potrebno ju je dodatno obraditi. Cilj ovoga petogodiΕ‘njeg istraΕΎivanja bio je procijeniti potencijal sljedeΔih divljih biljnih vrsta za proizvodnju biomase i za uklanjanje teΕ‘kih metala iz zagaΔenog zemljiΕ‘ta: topole (Populus ssp.), pajasena (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), bagrema (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), ambrozije (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.) i divizme (Verbascum thapsus L.). ProsjeΔno oneΔiΕ‘Δenje zemljiΕ‘ta olovom, kadmijem, cinkom, bakrom, niklom i kromom te arsenom u zoni korijena bilo je 22.948,6 mg kg-1, 865,4 mg kg-1, 85.301,7 mg kg-1, 3.193,3 mg kg-1, 50,7 mg kg-1 i 41,7 mg kg-1 te 617,9 mg kg-1. TakoΔer su izmjereni sadrΕΎaj vlage i pepela nastalog paljenjem biljaka, sadrΕΎaj Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr i As u nadzemnim dijelovima biljaka i njihovu pepelu te bruto toplotna vrijednost. Fitoekstrakcijski i fitostabilizacijski potencijal utvrΔen je za divizmu i ambroziju na temelju faktora biokoncentracije (BCF) i faktora translokacije (TF). Divizma se je pokazala kao hiperakumulator kadmija, a pokazala je i veΔu gornju toplotnu moΔ (19.735 kJ kg-1) u odnosu na ambroziju (16.469 kJ kg-1). Rezultati ovog istraΕΎivanja upuΔuju na to da divizma ima potencijala za fitoekstrakciju i za proizvodnju biomase, a da ambrozija moΕΎe biti djelotvorna u remedijaciji zemljiΕ‘ta fitostabilizacijom
Potential usage of fly ash and bottom ash from thermal power plant 'Nikola Tesla' landfill, Serbia
U Srbiji je pepeo dugo bio oznaΔen kao opasan otpad. Usvajanjem odgovarajuΔih zakona, pepeo je postao otpad sa upotrebnom vrednoΕ‘Δu, Ε‘to je omoguΔilo razmatranje moguΔnosti njegovog koriΕ‘Δenja. U ovom radu je izvrΕ‘ena analiza sastava pepela i Ε‘ljake koji su odloΕΎeni na deponiju termoelektrane 'Nikola Tesla A'. Trideset uzoraka, podeljenih u tri seta, analizirani su na mikroelemente As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V i Zn. Procenjene su varijacije u kvalitetu, i na osnovu dobijenih rezultata procenjena je moguΔnost daljeg koriΕ‘Δenja u proizvodnji cementa i betona.In Serbia, the ash from power plants has long been labelled as hazardous waste. With the adoption of the appropriate legislation this ash became waste with the potential usage. In this paper an analysis of the fly ash and bottom ash composition, which are disposed of in the power plant 'Nikola Tesla A' landfill, is presented. Thirty samples, divided into three sets, were analyzed for trace elements As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn. The first and second set of samples were taken at the depth of 0.0-0.6 m, from cassette III, at the place of waste discharge (set I) and in the centre of the cassette (set II).The third set of samples was taken from the same cassette spot but at the different depth. The estimated variations in quality within individual sets, as well as the comparison between sets I and II, were performed. The repeatability of results by the depth of cassette (set III) was also analyzed. The mixture consisting of 79.4% limestone, 17% clay, 0.5% sand, 0.55% iron ore, 0.55% of steel mill waste and 2% ash from the thermal power plant 'Nikola Tesla A' was adopted as the reputable mixture for cement making. For concrete making, the same cement mixture was used but with 2.1% of the same ash material added. The results showed possibility of further fly and bottom ash use as the cement and concrete material
Possibility of applying the remediation process of soil polluted with heavy metals and arsenic using autochthonuos plant species with their use for energy
Π£ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΅. ΠΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°, Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ βΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°β, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° βΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ°β, Π¨Π°Π±Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ (Pb), ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ (Cd), Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ (Cu), ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ (Zn) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ (As), ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°: ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° (Populus ssp.), ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ²ΠΎ (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), Π±Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΠΌ (false acacia, Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (Verbascum thapsus L.) ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°.
Π₯Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π½ ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ (Pb),
vi
ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ (Cd), Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ (Cu), ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ (Zn), Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ (Ni), Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ (Cr) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ (As). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ°: Artemisia artemisiifolia L., Ailanthus glandulosa L., false acacia, Populus ssp. ΠΈ Verbascum thapsus L. ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·Ρ: Zn>>Pb>>Cu>Cd>As>Ni>Cr. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni ΠΈ As, Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ 7 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡ: 22,948.64 mg Pb/kg, 865.36 mg Cd/kg, 85,301.73 mg Zn/kg, 3,193.32 mg Cu/kg, 50.72 mg Ni/kg, 41.67 mg Cr/kg ΠΈ 617.94 mg As/kg. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr ΠΈ As ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° 36.83% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Pb, 25.48% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Cd, 15.73% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Zn, 23.32% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ni, 96.13% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Cr, 36.85% Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ As ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Cu Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΡ...In this thesis has studied the degree of contamination by heavy metals of the selected location for research, with the analysis of the possible use of existing autochthonous plant species that are naturally developed for phytoremediation process, that does not require significant financial investment, and analysis of the aspects of the use of biomass, originating from remediation of the selected location, for energy purposes. For research is chosen the location where was disposed industrial waste from the chemical industry, "Non-ferrous metallurgy", a joint stock company for the production and processing of zinc "Zorka", Ε abac in restructuring. By systematization of existing knowledge in the field of the heavy metals contaminated sites and possibilities of using biomass for energy purposes of plant origin from the remediation of such sites and by experimental verification of assumptions about the pollution of the selected location, research identified polluting elements in the soil at the research location, primarily metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and metalloid arsenic (As), with an assessment of the potential of native wild plants from the research location: poplar (Populus ssp.), ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), false acacia (acacia, Robinia pseudoacacia L.), ragweed (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), and mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) which could be enforced site remediation, by phytoremediation, phytoextraction or phytostabilisation, with an emphasis on energy utilization of biomass from tested native wild plants, created by phytoremediation on the research location and in this regard related processes, an analysis of the potential risks and benefits obtained from the use of biomass as fuel.
By chemical and instrumental methods was found that the location of research, in which the jarosite waste, as residue waste originating from industrial production of zinc and cadmium by hydrometallurgy process, has disposed, mixed and cover with soil, is polluted with toxic heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and metalloid arsenic (As).
Soil contamination by heavy metals in the rhizosphere of tested plant species:
x
Artemisia artemisiifolia L., Ailanthus glandulosa L., false acacia, Populus ssp. and Verbascum thapsus L. was in the following decreasing order: Zn>>Pb>>Cu>Cd>As>Ni>Cr. Mean values of metal concentrations, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni ΠΈ As, in the the rhizosphere of tested plant species during the 7 years of research are: 22,948.64 mg Pb/kg, 865.36 mg Cd/kg, 85,301.73 mg Zn/kg, 3,193.32 mg Cu/kg, 50.72 mg Ni/kg, 41.67 mg Cr/kg and 617.94 mg As/kg. Mean values of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and As were decreased compared to the concentrations of these elements in the first year, and that, for 36.83% in the case of Pb, 25.48% in the case of Cd, 15.73% in the case of Zn, 23.32 % in the case of Ni, 96.13% in the case of Cr, 36.85% in the case of As, which indicated that natural processes related to phytoremediation, taking place on the examined site. In the case of Cu there has been no significant change in concentration in the soiL..
Pepeo iz termoelektrana kao sekundarna sirovina
The basic characteristic of thermal power plants in the Republic of Serbia is that they use low-grade brown coal (lignite) as a fuel. Depending on the location of coal mines, lignite may have different properties such as heating value, moisture, and mineral content, resulting in different residue upon combustion. Because of several million tonnes of ash and slag generated every year, their granularmetric particle size distribution, and transport and disposal methods, these plants have a negative impact on the environment. According to the waste classification system in the Republic of Serbia, ash and slag from thermal power plants are classified as hazardous waste, but with an option of usability. The proposed revision of waste legislation in Serbia brings a number of simple and modern solutions. A procedure is introduced which allows for end-of-waste criteria to be set, clarifying the point where waste ceases to be waste, and thereby introducing regulatory relief for recycled products or materials that represent low risk for the environment. The new proposal refocuses waste legislation on the environmental impacts of the generation and management of waste, taking into account the life cycle of resources, and develops new waste prevention programmes. Stakeholders, as well as the general public, should have the opportunity to participate in the drawing up of the programmes, and should have access to them.Glavna karakteristika termoelektrana u Srbiji je da upotrebljavaju ugljen β lignit kao gorivo. Zbog velike koliΔine pepela i Ε‘ljake koji nastaju izgaranjem ugljena (i do nekoliko milijuna tona godiΕ‘nje), granulometrijskog sastava i izbora metoda transporta i odlaganja, ΕΎivotna sredina izloΕΎena je negativnom utjecaju. Prema sistemu klasifikacije otpada u Republici Srbiji pepeo i Ε‘ljaka iz termoelektrana klasificirani su kao opasan otpad, indeksnog broja iz Kataloga otpada 100101/190205/190299 s upotrebnom vrijednoΕ‘Δu. Pepeo i Ε‘ljaka generirani na lokaciji termoelektrana βNikola Teslaβ, Obrenovac i βKolubaraβ, Veliki Crljeni sadrΕΎavaju arsen u koncentracijama od 70 mg kg-1 do 200 mg kg-1 suhe mase. U duhu reciklaΕΎe, a s aspekta smanjenja upotrebe prirodnih resursa, moguΔe je postaviti nove kriterije za specifiΔne vrste otpada, kao Ε‘to je pepeo iz termoelektrana. Potrebno je uvesti postupak za odreΔivanje kriterija kada otpad prestaje da bude otpad, uvesti zakonske olakΕ‘ice za reciklirane otpade i razviti nove programe za prevenciju nastajanja otpada. U buduΔim zakonskim propisima iz podruΔja upravljanja otpadima potrebno je uzeti u obzir ΕΎivotni ciklus proizvoda i materijala, od njihova nastanka do konaΔnog odlaganja
Potential usage of fly and bottom ash from thermal power plant βNikola Teslaβ landfill, Serbia
In Serbia, the ash from power plants has long been labelled as hazardous waste. With the adoption of the appropriate legislation this ash became secondary raw material with the potential usage. In this paper an analysis of the fly and bottom ash composition, which are disposed of in the power plant βNikola Tesla Aβ landfill, is presented. Thirty samples, divided into three sets, were analyzed for trace elements As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn. The first and second set of samples were taken at the depth of 0.0-0.6 m, from cassette III, at the place of waste discharge (set I) and in the centre of the cassette (set II).The third set of samples was taken from the same cassette spot but at the different depth. The estimated variations in quality within individual sets, as well as the comparison between sets I and II, were done. The repeatability of results by the depth of cassette (set III) was also analyzed. The mixture consisting of 79.4% limestone, 17% clay, 0.5% sand, 0.55% iron ore, 0.55% from steel mill waste and 2% ash from the thermal power plant "Nikola Tesla A" was adopted as the reputable mixture for cement making. For concrete making, the same cement mixture was used but with 2.1% of the same ash material added. The results showed possibility of further fly and bottom ash use as the cement and concrete material