Cambios en la microbiota intestinal asociados al nivel de actividad física en adultos aparentemente sanos, revisión de la literatura

La revisión actual tuvo como objetivo dilucidar los efectos moduladores de la actividad física y las actividades deportivas en el microbioma gastrointestinal. Se analizaron veinte estudios transversales y longitudinales, utilizando medidas metagenómicas y diversas ómicas. Recientemente se han publicado estudios sobre la microbiota intestinal y el ejercicio, que examinan principalmente los efectos de los programas de entrenamiento en sujetos que anteriormente no realizaban actividad física regular. Estos estudios sugieren que el ejercicio no causa cambios estructurales en la microbiota, y que la diversidad de especies permanece sin cambios después de 6 semanas o menos de participar en un programa de ejercicio. Se ha informado que la adaptación del cosistema intestinal al ejercicio en sujetos sedentarios responde al fenotipo del hospedador (índice de masa corporal y edad). Los resultados sugieren que los estudios transversales pueden proporcionar información sobre las diferencias entre los atletas altamente adaptados con estilos de vida activos y los adultos sedentarios, particularmente en la abundancia y función de la microbiota intestinal. Curiosamente, la comparación de adultos sanos con diferentes niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria ha revelado resultados similares, lo que indica una falta de diferencias importantes en la abundancia de grupos taxonómicos y la riqueza de especies. Los enfoques metabolómicos, metagenómicos y transcriptómicos permiten identificar posibles mecanismos entre la microbiota intestinal y la fisiología del huésped en el ejercicio físico, principalmente a través de grupos funcionales de bacterias como Veillonella, Prevotella, Akkermansia y archaeon Methanobrevibacter. La mayor parte de la investigación revisada se centró en el entrenamiento de resistencia. Por lo tanto, los efectos potenciales del entrenamiento de resistencia y el entrenamiento de alta intensidad en el microbioma gastrointestinal deben explorarse en estudios futuros.The current review aimed to elucidate the modulatory effects of physical activity and sports activities on the gastrointestinal microbiome. Twenty cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were analyzed, using metagenomic and various omics measures. Studies across gut microbiota and exercise have recently been published, mainly examining the effects of training programs in subjects who did not previously perform regular physical activity. These studies suggest that exercise does not cause structural changes in the microbiota, with species diversity remaining unchanged after 6 weeks or less of engaging in an exercise program. Gut cosystem adaptation to exercise in sedentary subjects has been reported to respond to the host phenotype (body mass index and age). Results suggests that cross-sectional studies can provide insights into differences between highly adapted athletes with active lifestyles and sedentary adults, particularly in the abundance and function of gut microbiota. Interestingly, comparing healthy adults with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness has revealed similar results, indicating a lack of important differences in the abundance of taxonomic groups and species richness. Metabolomic, metagenomic and transcriptomic approaches allow the identification of possible mechanisms between the intestinal microbiota and the host physiology in physical exercise, mainly through functional groups of bacteria such as Veillonella, Prevotella, Akkermansia and archaeon Methanobrevibacter. Most of the reviewed research focused on endurance training. Thus, the potential effects of resistance training and high-intensity training on the gastrointestinal microbiome need to be explored in future studies.2020-08-11 09:05:01: Script de automatizacion de embargos. Se restringe por dos años por solicitud especifica del programa2022-08-11 01:01:02: Script de automatizacion de embargos. info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2022-08-1

Exercise and postprandial lipemia: effects on vascular health in inactive adults

Background: There is evidence to suggest that postprandial lipemia are is linked to the impairment of endothelial function, which is characterized by an imbalance between the actions of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week high-intensity training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) protocol on postprandial lipemia, vascular function and arterial stiffness in inactive adults after high-fat meal (HFM) ingestion. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 20 healthy, inactive adults (31.6 ± 7.1 years). Participants followed the two exercise protocols for 12 weeks. To induce a state of postprandial lipemia (PPL), all subjects received a HFM. Endothelial function was measured using flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), normalized brachial artery FMD (nFMD), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides and glucose were also measured. Results: The effects of a HFM were evaluated in a fasted state and 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postprandially. A significant decrease in serum glucose between 0 min (fasted state) and 120 min postprandially was found in the HIT group (P= 0. 035). Likewise, FMD (%) was significantly different between the fasted state and 60 min after a HFM in the HIT group (P = 0.042). The total cholesterol response expressed as area under curve (AUC)(0–240) was lower following HIT than following MCT, but no significant differences were observed (8%, P > 0.05). Similarly, triglycerides AUC(0–240) was also lower after HIT compared with MCT, which trended towards significance (24%, P= 0.076). The AUC(0–240) for the glucose response was significantly lower following HIT than MCT (10%, P = 0.008). FMD and nFMD AUC(0–240) were significantly higher following HIT than following MCT (46.9%, P = 0.021 and 67.3%, P = 0.009, respectively). PWV AUC(0–240) did not differ following between the two exercise groups (2.3%, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Supervised exercise training mitigates endothelial dysfunction and glucose response induced by PPL. Exercise intensity plays an important role in these protective effects, and medium-term HIT may be more effective than MCT in reducing postprandial glucose levels and attenuating vascular impairment.This study as funded in part by the Center for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code N° FIUR DN-BG001). We declare that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or appropriate data manipulatio

Cambios en la microbiota intestinal asociados al nivel de actividad física en adultos aparentemente sanos, revisión de la literatura

La revisión actual tuvo como objetivo dilucidar los efectos moduladores de la actividad física y las actividades deportivas en el microbioma gastrointestinal. Se analizaron veinte estudios transversales y longitudinales, utilizando medidas metagenómicas y diversas ómicas. Recientemente se han publicado estudios sobre la microbiota intestinal y el ejercicio, que examinan principalmente los efectos de los programas de entrenamiento en sujetos que anteriormente no realizaban actividad física regular. Estos estudios sugieren que el ejercicio no causa cambios estructurales en la microbiota, y que la diversidad de especies permanece sin cambios después de 6 semanas o menos de participar en un programa de ejercicio. Se ha informado que la adaptación del cosistema intestinal al ejercicio en sujetos sedentarios responde al fenotipo del hospedador (índice de masa corporal y edad). Los resultados sugieren que los estudios transversales pueden proporcionar información sobre las diferencias entre los atletas altamente adaptados con estilos de vida activos y los adultos sedentarios, particularmente en la abundancia y función de la microbiota intestinal. Curiosamente, la comparación de adultos sanos con diferentes niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria ha revelado resultados similares, lo que indica una falta de diferencias importantes en la abundancia de grupos taxonómicos y la riqueza de especies. Los enfoques metabolómicos, metagenómicos y transcriptómicos permiten identificar posibles mecanismos entre la microbiota intestinal y la fisiología del huésped en el ejercicio físico, principalmente a través de grupos funcionales de bacterias como Veillonella, Prevotella, Akkermansia y archaeon Methanobrevibacter. La mayor parte de la investigación revisada se centró en el entrenamiento de resistencia. Por lo tanto, los efectos potenciales del entrenamiento de resistencia y el entrenamiento de alta intensidad en el microbioma gastrointestinal deben explorarse en estudios futuros.The current review aimed to elucidate the modulatory effects of physical activity and sports activities on the gastrointestinal microbiome. Twenty cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were analyzed, using metagenomic and various omics measures. Studies across gut microbiota and exercise have recently been published, mainly examining the effects of training programs in subjects who did not previously perform regular physical activity. These studies suggest that exercise does not cause structural changes in the microbiota, with species diversity remaining unchanged after 6 weeks or less of engaging in an exercise program. Gut cosystem adaptation to exercise in sedentary subjects has been reported to respond to the host phenotype (body mass index and age). Results suggests that cross-sectional studies can provide insights into differences between highly adapted athletes with active lifestyles and sedentary adults, particularly in the abundance and function of gut microbiota. Interestingly, comparing healthy adults with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness has revealed similar results, indicating a lack of important differences in the abundance of taxonomic groups and species richness. Metabolomic, metagenomic and transcriptomic approaches allow the identification of possible mechanisms between the intestinal microbiota and the host physiology in physical exercise, mainly through functional groups of bacteria such as Veillonella, Prevotella, Akkermansia and archaeon Methanobrevibacter. Most of the reviewed research focused on endurance training. Thus, the potential effects of resistance training and high-intensity training on the gastrointestinal microbiome need to be explored in future studies

Exercise and postprandial lipemia : Effects on vascular health in inactive adults

Background: There is evidence to suggest that postprandial lipemia are is linked to the impairment of endothelial function, which is characterized by an imbalance between the actions of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week high-intensity training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) protocol on postprandial lipemia, vascular function and arterial stiffness in inactive adults after high-fat meal (HFM) ingestion. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 20 healthy, inactive adults (31.6 ± 7.1 years). Participants followed the two exercise protocols for 12 weeks. To induce a state of postprandial lipemia (PPL), all subjects received a HFM. Endothelial function was measured using flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), normalized brachial artery FMD (nFMD), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides and glucose were also measured. Results: The effects of a HFM were evaluated in a fasted state and 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postprandially. A significant decrease in serum glucose between 0 min (fasted state) and 120 min postprandially was found in the HIT group (P = 0.035). Likewise, FMD (%) was significantly different between the fasted state and 60 min after a HFM in the HIT group (P = 0.042). The total cholesterol response expressed as area under curve (AUC)(0-240) was lower following HIT than following MCT, but no significant differences were observed (8%, P > 0.05). Similarly, triglycerides AUC(0-240) was also lower after HIT compared with MCT, which trended towards significance (24%, P = 0.076). The AUC(0-240) for the glucose response was significantly lower following HIT than MCT (10%, P = 0.008). FMD and nFMD AUC(0-240) were significantly higher following HIT than following MCT (46.9%, P = 0.021 and 67.3%, P = 0.009, respectively). PWV AUC(0-240) did not differ following between the two exercise groups (2.3%, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Supervised exercise training mitigates endothelial dysfunction and glucose response induced by PPL. Exercise intensity plays an important role in these protective effects, and medium-term HIT may be more effective than MCT in reducing postprandial glucose levels and attenuating vascular impairment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02738385 Date of registration: April 14, 2016. © 2018 The Author(s)

Additional file 1: of Exercise and postprandial lipemia: effects on vascular health in inactive adults

Figure S1. CONSORT guidelines flow diagram for enrolment and randomization. (TIFF 1515 kb

Biodiversity 2016. Status and Trends of Colombian Continental Biodiversity

This third volume of the annual report on biodiversity in Colombia continues the editorial line that begun in 2014. Using novel analytical and graphic proposals, these reports have the goal of communicating the contents to a broad public, making it available for discussion without sacrificing the quality of information. The challenge of communication continues to be a major part of the institutional project, and the new languages with which we are learning to communicate with society and other institutions are an experiment that we expect to be increasingly gratifying. The report for 2017 is already under construction and it counts on new digital technologies so the power of a colombian vital connection may be entirely expressed. The included content evidences that we are still far away from having a systematic follow-up about most of the topics related to the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which is the only way to evaluate the effectiveness of policies and investments made by society. In fact, a limitation that is recognized is that of identifying positive or negative changes that affect different levels of organization of life on this planet; therefore, our global navigation route of the Aichi targets is still to be verified. An additional purpose of this process includes the invitation of all Colombians to contribute in constructing and maintaining basic monitoring indicators for management since it is impossible to identify long-term trends of flora and fauna in the country without the support of institutions, researchers, and citizens. This challenge is immense in a megadiverse country such as Colombia. For this reason, the report will continue to open its pages to experts, and even indigenous peoples or local communities, for them to present their perspectives about environmental change and its effects on biodiversity in a systematic and documented manner. This has the objective of stimulating the commitment of everyone in the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The only way of overcoming the risk of extinction is through the active process of social learning in which all sectors assume a part of the complex responsibility in protecting the forms of life of the country, a roughly counted tenth of all creatures on Earth. I thank all the people that contributed in this Report, those who have supported us in the phases of production, and all readers and users, who are the ultimate judges of its utility.Bogotá, D. C

Biodiversidad 2016. Estado y Tendencias de la Biodiversidad Continental de Colombia

Esta tercera entrega del reporte anual de la biodiversidad en Colombia profundiza en la línea editorial iniciada el año 2014 mediante nuevas propuestas analíticas y gráficas, con la intención de garantizar que la información llegue a todos los públicos y pueda ser discutida de manera amena sin sacrificio de calidad. La apuesta comunicativa sigue siendo central en el proyecto institucional y los nuevos lenguajes con los que estamos aprendiendo a conversar con la sociedad y las instituciones son un experimento que esperamos sea cada vez más satisfactorio: ya estamos construyendo la versión 2017 con el apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías digitales de manera que la potencia de la conexión vital colombiana se exprese en toda su capacidad. Por los contenidos es evidente que aún distamos mucho de tener una capacidad de seguimiento sistemático para la mayoría de temas relativos a la gestión de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, la única manera de evaluar si las medidas de política y las inversiones que realiza la sociedad están teniendo los efectos deseados. De hecho, parte de las limitaciones reconocidas por robustamente los cambios positivos o negativos que afectan los diferentes niveles de organización de la vida planetaria, por lo cual las mismas metas de Aichi, nuestra carta de navegación global, están pendientes de verificación. Un propósito adicional de este proceso es la invitación a todos los colombianos para contribuir con la construcción y alimentación de los indicadores básicos de seguimiento a la gestión, ya que es imposible identificar las tendencias de largo plazo en que están inmersas la flora y fauna colombianas sin el apoyo de las instituciones, los investigadores y los ciudadanos: en el país de la megadiversidad, el reto es inmenso. Por este motivo, este reporte irá abriendo sus páginas a expertos, incluso indígenas o de comunidades locales, para que presenten de manera sistemática y documentada sus perspectivas del cambio ambiental y sus efectos en la biodiversidad, con el ánimo de promover el compromiso de todos en su gestión. La única manera de superar el riesgo de extinción es mediante un activo proceso de aprendizajes sociales que haga que todos los sectores asuman una parte de la compleja responsabilidad que significa proteger todas las formas de vida del país, una décima parte mal contada de las planetarias. Agradezco a las decenas de personas que contribuyeron con este reporte, a quienes nos han apoyado en todas las etapas de producción y a sus lectores y usuarios, quienes son en último término los jueces de su utilidad.Bogotá, D. C