Floristic composition of seasonal riparian forests in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil

O presente estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar a composição florística em dois trechos de floresta estacional semidecidual associada ao rio Formoso, Bonito, MS, e em três trechos de florestas estacionais deciduais e semideciduais associadas aos rios Salobra, Salobrinha e Perdido ocorrentes no Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (76.481 ha) - única unidade de Conservação Federal de Proteção Integral implantada no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O levantamento florístico foi realizado mensalmente entre o período de outubro/2004 a março/2006, onde foram coletadas fanerógamas em fase reprodutiva (flores e frutos), através do método de tempo de avaliação. O levantamento florístico resultou em 56 famílias, 184 gêneros e 307 espécies. Do total das espécies, 68% apresentaram hábito arbóreo, 17% arbustos, 14% foram lianas e apenas 1% palmeiras. A família Fabaceae (Leguminosae), representada por 51 (16,6%) espécies, foi a de maior riqueza. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuíram para o conhecimento da flora sul-mato-grossense e sua distribuição geográfica, reforçando a necessidade de conservação destas matas ribeirinhas e fornecendo subsídios para os planos de restauração das áreas degradadas do entorno da unidade de conservação e das áreas de proteção permanente (APP's) dos rios ocorrentes na região.This study aimed to characterize the floristic composition in two stretches of seasonal semideciduous forest associated with the Formoso River, Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul State, and in three stretches of seasonal deciduous and semideciduous forests associated with the Salobra, Salobrinha and Perdido rivers in Bodoquena Plateau National Park (76,481 ha) - the only Federal Conservation unit with Integral Protection in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The floristic survey was carried out monthly from October/2004 to March/2006, where flowering and fruiting phanerogams were collected by the method of evaluation time. The floristic survey resulted in 56 families, 184 genera and 307 species. Of the total number of species, 68% were trees, 17% shrubs, 14% lianas and only 1% palms. The Fabaceae family (Leguminosae), represented by 51 (16.6%) species, was the most species-rich. These results increase our knowledge of the Mato Grosso do Sul flora and its geographic distribution, thus emphasizing the need for conservation of these riparian forests and providing subsidies for restoration projects of the degraded areas around the conservation unit and permanent protection areas (APPs) of regional rivers

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Study on the periodicity of growth, phenology and the relation with the changing activity of tropical arboreal species in semidecidual stately forests.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em áreas florestais naturais e implantadas de Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais remanescentes do planalto paulista com o objetivo de estudar a periodic idade de crescimento, fenologia e atividade cambial. A pesquisa visa determinar a idade e o crescimento de 23 espécies arbóreas tropicais e subtropicais, contribuindo, desta forma, com a aquisição de conhecimentos científicos básicos sobre a biologia e a ecologia do crescimento das mesmas. A compreensão da dinâmica das populações florestais e o comportamento de crescimento das suas espécies foram obtidos a partir do acompanhamento mensal da periodicidade de crescimento através da implantação de faixas dendrométricas permanentes nos troncos das árvores e observações dos estágios fenológicos (folhas, brotamento, floração e frutificação), avaliados mensalmente durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a outubro de 2001 em relação às variações climáticas. A determinação da idade e taxa de crescimento das árvores foram obtidas através da contagem e mensuração da largura dos anéis de crescimento a partir de "baguetas" coletadas com auxílio da sonda de Pressler, na altura do DAP. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram concluir que as variações das taxas de crescimento em circunferência do tronco das árvores estão estreitamente relacionadas à precipitação e a disponibilidade de água no solo na estação chuvosa e a ocorrência de um período de seca com redução e/ou cessação da atividade cambial. Da mesma forma, os estágios fenológicos estão relacionados com fatores abióticos como o clima e, em especial, às variações de precipitação entre as estações seca e úmida. As informações sobre a influência de fatores ambientais na taxa de crescimento das espécies arbóreas permitirão a adoção de medidas científicas que visem a preservação da biodiversidade desses ecossistemas frágeis e constantemente ameaçados.This paper was developed in natural and implanted forest areas of remaining Semidecidual Stately Forests in Sao Paulo plains, with the aim of stud ying the periodicity of growth, the phenology and its changing activity. The research seeks determining the age and growth of 23 tropical and semitropical arboreal species, thus contributing with the gathering of basic scientific knowledge on the biology and the ecology of their growth. The understanding on the forests populations dynamics and the behavior of their growth were obtained with a monthly observation through the inserting of permanent dendometric strips into the trees trunks and through the phonological stages analysis (leaves, sprouting, blooming and fruiting), evaluated from January 2000 to October 2001 because of the weather variations. The age and growth rate determination was obtained counting and measuring the growth rings starting with wood samples collected with the help of a Pressler probe, at the DAP height. The results of this paper led to the conclusion that the variations on the perimeter of the trunk growth rate are closely related to the rainfall and water availability in the soil under the rainy season and the occurrence of a drought period with reduction and/or changing activity cessation. Likewise, the phenological stages are related to abiotic factors like weather and, especially, to rainfall variations between the dry and humid seasons. The information on the influence of environmental factors on the growth rate of arboreal species will facilitate the adoption of scientific measures seeking the preservation of the biodiversity of these ecosystems so fragile and constantly under threa

Characterization of river Formoso and Bodoquena Plateau National Park riverside forests, related to the species that occur there and disturbance historical, for restoration purposes

Reconstruir um ecossistema florestal ribeirinho a partir de uma abordagem cientifica, implica em conhecer a diversidade florística, a complexidade dos fenômenos que se desenvolvem nestas formações, compreender os processos que levam a estruturação e manutenção destes ecossistemas no tempo e utilizar estas informações para a elaboração, implantação e condução de projetos de restauração. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo (i) identificar e caracterizar a composição florística das florestas estacionais deciduais e semideciduais associadas aos rios da bacia hidrográfica do Formoso - Bonito/MS, Perdido e Salobra ocorrentes no Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena; (ii) caracterizar a degradação histórica e atual dos fragmentos florestais em estudo; (iii) ordenar e classificar a composição florística em grupos sucessionais e funcionais, visando determinar as correlações entre as formações florestais como base fundamental para definição diferenciada das ações de restauração e conservação. O levantamento florístico foi realizado mensalmente entre o período de outubro de 2004 a março de 2006, onde foram coletadas fanerógamas em fase reprodutiva, através do método de tempo de avaliação com um total de 576 horas. O levantamento florístico resultou em 56 famílias, 184 gêneros e 307 espécies. A família Fabaceae, representada por 51 espécies, foi a de maior riqueza. Do total das espécies, 68% apresentaram hábito arbóreo, 17% arbustos, 14% foram lianas e apenas 1% palmeiras. O método tempo de avaliação adotado, mostrou-se eficiente e de fácil aplicabilidade em locais de difícil acesso e locomoção pela floresta, permitindo um maior deslocamento para a amostragem dos indivíduos, contornando a distribuição espacial das espécies, e refletindo melhor a heterogeneidade ambiental característica das florestas ribeirinhas. Os espécimes foram classificados segundo o seu grupo ecológico, nas categorias pioneiras, secundária e clímax, e através dos grupos funcionais (preenchimento e diversidade). Na bacia hidrográfica do rio Formoso, obtivemos 28% das espécies pioneiras, 46% secundárias, 8% clímax e 18% não classificadas. Quanto ao grupo funcional, 56% das espécies são de preenchimento e 44% de diversidade. Para a bacia do Perdido, classificou-se 24% das espécies como pioneiras, 42% secundárias, 8% clímax e 26% não foram classificadas. O grupo funcional apresentou 54% espécies de preenchimento e 46% diversidade. Na bacia do Salobra obtivemos 31% de espécies pioneiras, 36% secundárias, 5% clímax e 28% não classificadas. A classificação quanto ao grupo funcional, foi de 59% preenchimento e 41% espécies de diversidade. O histórico de uso de cada um dos trechos caracterizados florísticamente foi obtido através dos processos de projetos de Manejo Florestal com pedido no IBAMA desde o ano 1986, onde foram registrados 10.900 ha com pedido de retirada seletiva de madeira. O estado de conservação atual dos trechos florestais amostrados foi classificado em: pouco degradada, degradada e muito degradada, através de indicadores ambientais. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuíram para o conhecimento da flora sul-mato-grossense e suas distribuições geográficas, reforçaram a necessidade de conservação destas matas ribeirinhas e forneceram subsídios para os planos de restauração das áreas degradadas do entorno da unidade de conservação e das áreas de proteção permanente (APP\'s) dos rios da Serra da Bodoquena.To reconstruct a riverside forest ecosystem from a scientific version, implies in knowing the floristic diversity and the phenomena complexity that develop in these formations, to understand the processes that take the structuration and maintenance of these ecosystems in the time and to use these information to the elaboration, implantation and conduction of restoration projects. In this direction, this work had as objective (i) to identify and to characterize the floristic composition of the seasonal decidual and semideciduous forests associated to the rivers of Formoso hydrographic basin-Bonito/MS, Perdido and Salobra, that occur in Bodoquena Plateau National Park; (ii) to characterize the historical and current degradation of the forest pieces in study; (iii) to establish and to classify the floristic composition in sucessionais and functional groups, aiming to determine the correlations between the forest formations as basic base to differentiated definition of restoration and conservation actions. The floristic survey was carried monthly, during the period from October 2004 to March 2006, where they had been collected fanerógamas in reproductive phase, through the method of time of evaluation with a total of 576 hours. The floristic survey resulted in 56 families, 184 sorts and 307 species. The Fabaceae family, represented by 51 species, was one of the bigger wealth. Of the total of the species, 68% had presented tree habit, 17% shrubs, 14% had been lianas and only 1% palms. The method time of evaluation adopted revealed itself efficient and of easy applicability in places of difficult access and locomotion through the forest, allowing a bigger displacement to the individuals sampling, encircling the species space distribution, and better reflecting the ambient heterogeneousy from the riverside forests. The specimens have been classified according to its ecological group, in the pioneering, secondary categories and climax. And through the functional groups -fulfilling and diversity. In the hydrographic basin of Formoso river, we got 28% of the pioneering species, 46% of the secondary, 8% climax and 18% have not been classified. In the functional group, 56% of the species are fulfilling and 44% are diversity. To the Perdido basin, we classified 24% of the species as pioneering, 42% secondary, 8% climax and 26% have not been classified. The functional group presented 54% species fulfilling and 46% diversity. In the Salobra basin we got 31% of pioneering species, 36% secondary, 5% climax and 28% have not been classified. In the functional group classification, it was 59% fulfilling and 41% species of diversity. The description of use of each one of the floristically characterized stretches was gotten through the processes of Forest Handling projects with order in IBAMA since 1986, where they had been registered 10,900 ha with order of selective wooden withdrawal. The current conservation state of the showed forest stretches was classified in: little degraded, degraded and much degraded, through ambient pointers. The results gotten in this work have contributed for the knowledge of Mato Grosso do Sul flora and its geographic distributions have strengthened the necessity of conservation of these riverside forests and have supplied subsidies to the restoration plans of the degraded areas around the unit of conservation and permanent protection areas (APP\'s) of the Bodoquena Plateau rivers

Floristic composition of seasonal riparian forests in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

(Floristic composition of seasonal riparian forests in Mato Grosso do Sit] State, Brazil). This Study aimed to characterize the floristic composition in two stretches of seasonal semideciduous forest associated with the Formoso River, Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul State, and in three stretches of seasonal deciduous and semideciduous forests associated with the Salobra, Salobrinha and Perdido rivers in Bodoquena Plateau National Park (76,481 ha) - the only Federal Conservation unit with Integral Protection in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The floristic survey was carried out monthly from October/2004 to March/2006, where flowering and fruiting phanerogams were collected by the method of evaluation time. The floristic survey resulted in 56 families, 184 genera and 307 species. Of the total number of species, 68% were trees, 17% shrubs, 14% lianas and only 1% palms. The Fabaceae family (Leguminosae), represented by 51 (16.6%) species, was the most species-rich. These results increase our knowledge of the Mato Grosso do Sul flora and its geographic distribution, thus emphasizing the need for conservation of these riparian forests and providing subsidies for restoration projects of the degraded areas around the conservation unit and permanent protection areas (APPs) of regional rivers