Stereoselective synthesis of a-Amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives

a-Amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives are an important group of compounds of synthetic and medicinal interest and particular attention has been dedicated to their stereoselective synthesis in recent years. Among these, phosphinic pseudopeptides have acquired pharmacological importance in influencing physiologic and pathologic processes, primarily acting as inhibitors for proteolytic enzymes where molecular stereochemistry has proven to be critical. This review summarizes the latest developments in the asymmetric synthesis of acyclic and phosphacyclic a-amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives, following in the first case an order according to the strategy used, whereas for cyclic compounds the nitrogen embedding in the heterocyclic core is considered. In addition selected examples of pharmacological implications of title compounds are also disclosed

Effects of ultrasound treatments on wine microorganisms

Ultrasound is one of the most promising non-thermal an emerging technique in food technology. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic treatments on the most important wine microbiota (Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria). Two stages were carried out: the assessment step, where six different ultrasonic treatments (with varying power, time, and pulses) were used on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brettanomyces spp., and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; and the validation step, where two chosen ultrasonic treatments were used on Zigosaccharomyces bailli, Brettanomyces spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, Pichia membranifaciens, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Hanseniaspora osmophila. The most sensitive microorganism was Brettanomyces spp., and the most resistant was Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Ultrasonic treatments had varying effects on vitality (delay of growth or maximum OD reduction) and on viability (reduction of microbial growth)

Effect of Knife Wear on the Gluability of Planed Surfaces of Radiata Pine

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of knife wear on the gluability of planed surfaces of radiata pine. A conventional process was used to plane samples to four lengths: 200; 10,000; 20,000; and 30,000 m. Cutting-edge recession was measured on the clearance surface of the planing knife for each length. The gluing properties of the planed surfaces were determined for each of the four levels of knife wear using polyvinyl acetate and emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives. The results showed that the greatest amount of cutting-edge recession on the clearance surface was 65 μm after 30,000 m of planing. The tensile shear strength (TSS) of the lap-joint glue line decreased with knife wear from increased planing. However, TSS was generally greater than the minimum prescribed by the BS EN 204 standard. The effect of knife wear on TSS was more significant after accelerated aging of the glued samples