Giant intra-abdominal hydatid cysts with multivisceral locations

The disseminated intra-peritoneal hydatid disease is a very rare finding. A case of disseminated intra abdominal hydatid disease is presented along with a review of literature and various therapeutic modalitie

Development of a microwave-assisted UV sterilization system for milk

A microwave-assisted ultraviolet sterilization system was developed to study the synergistic effect in the sterilization of milk. Electrodeless lamps emitting ultraviolet radiation inside the microwave chamber gave a synergistic effect without challenging food safet standards. This study compared the results of both microwave and microwave assisted ultraviolet sterilizations of milk in terms of various microbial tests and physicochemical properties. The microwave-assisted ultraviolet system was found to be more effective compared to microwave alone. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed for total plate count and methylene blue reduction test between microwave and microwave assisted ultraviolet treatment from 5 to 15 secs. Microwave-assisted ultraviolet treatment decreased the microbial count exponentially and showed <1 log (CFU ml–1) after ten seconds of treatment. During the treatment period, no significant difference was observed in the physicochemical properties of milk

Detection of mullerian duct anomalies: diagnostic utility of two dimensional ultrasonography as compared to magnetic resonance imaging

Background: Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are a fascinating group of disorders that have varied clinical presentation from being asymptomatic to primary amenorrhea to inability to reproduce. Correct diagnosis of the condition plays a crucial role in management. Imaging plays a pivotal role in making correct diagnosis. This study aims to find the prevalence of MDAs amongst study population and their relation with infertility and also compares diagnostic utility of pelvic ultrasound with MRI.Methods: A randomized diagnostic test evaluation study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging of a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 2 years. The patient first underwent pelvic 2D USG in multiple planes using curvilinear probe of 3MHz to 5 MHz. frequency and then MRI.Results: Most common MDA in total study sample and in primary infertility group is arcuate uterus while in recurrent abortions group it is unicornuate uterus. Out of total study sample of 75 patients 2D USG detected 18 cases of MDA while MRI detected 22 cases of MDA. So, 2D USG failed to detect 04 cases of MDA in total study population bringing overall sensitivity of 2D USG as 81.8%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 93.4% and accuracy of 94.6%.Conclusions: 2D USG has a few limitations but in view of relatively simple imaging procedure, ease of availability and cost effectiveness it should be utilized as an initial imaging modality in patients with suspicion of MDAs

Design and Development of High Entropy Alloys Using Artificial Intelligence

The conventional design approach of alloys initiates with one principal element and continues by adding several alloying elements to obtain desired properties. In this method, the intrinsic properties of the designed alloy are governed by the principal element. For example, in steel alloy, iron is the principal element, Aluminium in aluminium alloy, and so on. Compared to the conventional alloy, high entropy alloys do not have any dominating elements; all the elements present in these alloys either have an equal or near-equal ratio of elements. As reported in the literature, these alloys exhibit interesting material properties such as high strength, high hardness, improved elevated temperature strength, and magnetic properties. These characteristics make HEAs a suitable option for high-performance applications in the aero engine, aerospace structures, and machine tools. High entropy alloy has multiple principal elements as shown in schematic diagram 1; it leads to much higher possible compositions than conventional alloys. The huge compositional space provides an opportunity to improve desired mechanical properties. If it is explored through “trial and error,” it will be challenging and cumbersome. Therefore, search schemes that can competently and promptly recognize particular alloys with desired properties are essential. Artificial Intelligence is a useful tool to model, discover, and optimize new alloys that enable predicting individual material properties as a function of composition. While the application of Artificial Intelligence is quite popular in many aspects of society, its usage in material informatics is still in the nascent stage. The algorithm used in artificial intelligence is trained to pick up predictive rules from data and create a material model quicker than a computational model and can even generate the model for which no physical model exists. Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows predicting a set of experiments to be conducted to detect new alloy having desired properties. Thus, AI can be used as a valuable tool to optimize the development of new alloys

Complete Remission in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affects pancreatic beta cells. Usually it has a life long duration, however, in few cases, it can be transient. We reported a 20 year old male patient who visited the diabetic clinic of Lok Nayak Hospital with classical symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus. He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes on the basis of lab parameters. He was found to be positive for ICA512 and GAD antibodies. Measurement of C-peptide was also done by mixed meal tolerance test. Initially, Insulin was advised to control hyperglycemia. After 2 weeks, he was given 14 infusions of Teplizumab injection, one infusion per day and the same has been repeated after six months. As per clinical judgment, it was assumed that he was not on placebo arm and probably received Teplizumab as investigational product. Teplizumab injection drastically reduces the insulin doses and after some time, his insulin was completely waived off. Complete remission was seen in this patient after treatment with Teplizumab injection. During the 4 years follow-up, this remission is still ongoing in this patient. He had normal fasting and home blood glucose concentration with normal HbA1c without insulin therapy from last 4 years. To keep his blood sugar values under control, patient was also advised regular exercise and a diabetic diet

experimental study on in pond heat exchanger provided with twisted tapes

In-pond heat exchangers (IHE) are used in salinity gradient solar ponds (SGSP), to transfer heat from hot saline water of the lower convective zone to the heat transfer medium. The performance of the SGSP depends on the performance of the IHE, which in turn depends on the method of heat transfer augmentation. A laboratory model IHE was fabricated to augment the heat transfer using helical twisted tapes (HTTs). The effects of varying twist ratio and double TTs on pressure drop and heat transfer were studied in this experimental work. Conventional HTTs of three twist ratios (Y=7, 9, 11), twin TTs of co-swirl flow (CoTT), and counter-swirl TTs (CTT) with Y=7 were provided in the flow path of the heat exchanger tube for analysis. From the results, it is observed that TTs with less twist ratio yielded higher rate of heat transfer by sacrificing the pressure drop. Compared to single TT, double TT provided better thermal performance. The pressure drop and rate of heat transfer for CTT are more compared to all other cases, including double TT with co-swirl flow

Prescribing pattern and drug utilization study in inpatients of department of Orthopaedics in a rural teaching hospital of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Drug utilization study can increase our understanding of how drugs are being used. This study was done to evaluate the current drug prescribing trend in management of indoor patient of orthopaedic department and to comment on rationality of the prescribed medicines.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted for 12 months, in Chandrikaben Rashmikant Gardi Hospital, a 600 bedded tertiary care rural based, teaching hospital. Total 611 patients were included in this study.Results: Total 5416 drugs were prescribed in 611 prescriptions. Average number of drugs per prescription was 8.86. Average duration of prescription was 10.7 days. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 28.8%. Percentage of encounter with an Antibiotic prescribed was 60.23% i.e. out of 611 prescriptions antibiotics were prescribed in 368. Percentage of encounter with an Injection prescribed was 63% which means out of 611 prescriptions, injectables were prescribed in 385. Percentage of drugs prescribed from National Essential Medicine List was 52.63%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from WHO model List was 32.46%. Diclofenac (14.25%) was most commonly prescribed drug. Incidence of polypharmacy was quite high in context of Analgesics. Almost 40% of prescriptions had 2 drugs. Orally prescribed Analgesics were 62.6%, Injectables 34.38% and Topical 3.02%.Conclusions: This study reveals that the pattern of prescription in terms of rationality is poor. Special attention needs to be given to the irrational prescribing in terms of polypharmacy and long duration. Continuing medical education regarding appropriate use of drugs, knowledge of adverse effects and standard prescription guidelines will play pivotal role in rational prescription of drugs