The Effects of an Acute Bout of Self-Myofascial Release on the Physiological Parameters of Running

Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title

Trichoderma-Induced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum Species: A Meta-Analysis

With the idea of summarizing the outcomes of studies focusing on the resistance induced by Trichoderma spp. against Botrytis cinerea in tomato, the present paper shows, for the first time, results of a meta-analysis performed on studies published from 2010 to 2021 concerning the cross-talk occurring in the tomato–Trichoderma-B. cinerea system. Starting from an initial set of 40 papers, the analysis was performed on 15 works and included nine parameters, as a result of a stringent selection mainly based on the availability of more than one article including the same indicator. The resulting work not only emphasizes the beneficial effects of Trichoderma in the control of grey mold in tomato leaves (reduction in disease intensity, severity and incidence and modulation of resistance genes in the host), but carefully drives the readers to reply to two questions: (i) What are the overall effects of Trichoderma on B. cinerea infection in tomato? (ii) Do the main effects of Trichoderma differ based on the tomato species, Trichoderma species, amount, type and duration of treatment? At the same time, this meta-analysis highlights some weak points of the available literature and should be seen as an invitation to improve future works to better the conceptualization and measure

Thyroid ultrasonography reporting: consensus of Italian Thyroid Association (AIT), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Ultrasonography in Medicine and Biology (SIUMB) and Ultrasound Chapter of Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM)

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) is the gold standard for thyroid imaging and its widespread use is due to an optimal spatial resolution for superficial anatomic structures, a low cost and the lack of health risks. Thyroid US is a pivotal tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of autoimmune thyroid diseases, for assessing nodule size and echostructure and defining the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules. The main limitation of US is the poor reproducibility, due to the variable experience of the operators and the different performance and settings of the equipments. Aim of this consensus statement is to standardize the report of thyroid US through the definition of common minimum requirements and a correct terminology. US patterns of autoimmune thyroid diseases are defined. US signs of malignancy in thyroid nodules are classified and scored in each nodule. We also propose a simplified nodule risk stratification, based on the predictive value of each US sign, classified and scored according to the strength of association with malignancy, but also to the estimated reproducibility among different operators

Parametrização do modelo DSSAT/CANEGRO para as cultivares brasileiras de cana-de-açúcar.

A parametrização do modelo DSSAT/CANEGRO para a realidade brasileira tem grande importância para a obtenção de uma ferramenta capaz de otimizar o planejamento da produção sucroalcooleira nacional e analisar os impactos do aquecimento global na cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado com as cultivares IAC 91-1099 e SP 89-1115. Os dados biométricos foram coletados na APTA em Piracicaba-SP e analisados na Embrapa Informática Agropecuária em Campinas-SP, comparando-se com os dados gerados pelo modelo. Verificou-se que é possível parametrizar os dados de perfilhamento e altura de colmo, com bons resultados, porém a parametrização do IAF necessita de mais estudos. Essas análises indicam possibilidades promissoras para o uso do modelo CANEGRO para as cultivares brasileiras.CBA 2009

Herbs, thyme essential oil and condensed tannin extracts as dietary supplements for broilers, and their effects on performance, digestibility, volatile fatty acids and organoleptic properties

International audienceABSTRACT 1. Herbs, thyme essential oil (EO) and condensed tannin (CT) extracts were compared for their effects as dietary supplements, on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in the gut. Cooked meat from the birds fed diets with 4 herbs and an EO extract was compared by a taste panel against those fed the control treatment, for organoleptic properties in the meat. 2. Female broiler chicks were fed wheat-soybean meal diets from 0-42 days of age. These chicks were fed either the basal ration (control), or the basal ration with one of rosemary, garlic or yarrow herbs, mimosa, cranberry or grapeseed CT's, or thyme EO supplements (8 treatments in total). Body mass (BM) and feed consumption (AFC) were measured (7, 21 and 42 days of age). 3. The garlic supplement tended (P>0.05) to improve growth rate over the first 7 days, while mimosa CT and thyme EO supplements reduced weight gains. The mimosa supplement in diets lowered (P<0.05) AFC up to study day 21. Meanwhile, the addition of a cranberry supplement reduced the digestibility of DM, OM and N, compared to the controls. Dietary thyme EO, yarrow, rosemary and garlic supplements modified caecal isovaleric and isobutyric acid proportions (Other VFA; P<0.05). Dietary herb supplements affected the intensity of meat flavour (P<0.001), and the potential of observing both garlic (P<0.001) and abnormal (P<0.001) flavours. There were large differences between the consumption of red and white meat samples, while meat temperature affected several flavour attributes. 4. Dietary garlic and grapeseed CT supplements maintained broiler performance and digestibility similarly to those birds fed the control diet, and these supplements appear suitable for dietary inclusion. Careful choices are necessary when selecting dietary plant extract supplements for broilers, but beneficial effects can be observed

Arquitetura foliar e coeficiente de extinção de radiacao solar para duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar um método computacional para a determinação do ângulo de inserção foliar (AIF) em cana-de-açúcar com base em imagens digitais, em comparação com medidas de campo segundo uma metodologia tradicional, para duas cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (IAC91-1099 e SP89-1115). Além dessa comparação, estimou-se o coeficiente de extinção (K) para radiação solar, observando-se a propagação do erro de estimativa do AIF nesta estimativa. Os ângulos medidos e os estimados não tiveram diferença estatisticamente significativa a 5% de probabilidade com o teste Tukey, com exceção da folha +2 na cultivar SP89-1115. Isso, contudo, não resultou em diferença na determinação do K medido e estimado. A cultivar SP89-1115 obteve K maior do que o estimado para a cultivar IAC91-1099, variando entre 0,44 e 0,74 considerando valores calculados para as 12:00. Considerando a variação horária de K, os valores oscilaram entre 0,5 e 6,5. Podemos concluir que o método computacional é valido para estimar o ângulo de inserção foliar e existe diferença entre as duas cultivares no ângulo de inserção ocasionando diferença no cálculo do K.CBA 2009

Integrated results from the COPERNICUS and GALILEO studies.

OBJECTIVES: To report on the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept in patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in an integrated analysis of COPERNICUS and GALILEO. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg every 4 weeks or sham injections until week 24. From week 24 to week 52, all intravitreal aflibercept-treated patients in both studies and sham-treated patients in COPERNICUS were eligible to receive intravitreal aflibercept based on prespecified criteria. In GALILEO, sham-treated patients continued to receive sham treatment through week 52. RESULTS: At week 24, mean gain in best-corrected visual acuity and mean reduction in central retinal thickness were greater for intravitreal aflibercept-treated patients compared with sham, consistent with individual trial results. At week 52, after 6 months of intravitreal aflibercept as-needed treatment in COPERNICUS, patients originally randomized to sham group experienced visual and anatomic improvements but did not improve to the extent of those initially treated with intravitreal aflibercept, while the sham group in GALILEO did not improve over week 24 mean best-corrected visual acuity scores. Ocular serious adverse events occurred in CONCLUSION: This analysis of integrated data from COPERNICUS and GALILEO confirmed that intravitreal aflibercept is an effective treatment for macular edema following CRVO

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of a Digestate and a More Stabilized Digestate-Derived Compost from Agro-Waste

The excessive use of agricultural soils and the reduction in their organic matter, following circular economy and environmental sustainability concepts, determined a strong attention in considering composting as a preferred method for municipalities and industries to recycle organic by-products. Microorganisms degrade organic matter for producing CO2, water and energy, originating stable humus named compost. The current study analyzed the chemical composition of a cow slurry on-farm digestate and a more stabilized digestate-derived compost (DdC), along with their phytotoxic, genotoxic and antifungal activities. The chemical analysis showed that digestate cannot be an ideal amendment due to some non-acceptable characteristics. Biological assays showed that the digestate had phytotoxicity on the tested plants, whereas DdC did not induce a phytotoxic effect in both plants at the lowest dilution; hence, the latter was considered in subsequent analyses. The digestate and DdC induced significant antifungal activity against some tested fungi. DdC did not show genotoxic effect on Vicia faba using a micronuclei test. Soil treated with DdC (5 and 10%) induced damping-off suppression caused by Fusarium solani in tomato plants. The eco-physiological data indicated that DdC at 5–10% could increase the growth of tomato plants. In conclusion, DdC is eligible as a soil amendment and to strengthen the natural soil suppressiveness against F. solani

Identifying the favored mutation in a positive selective sweep.

Most approaches that capture signatures of selective sweeps in population genomics data do not identify the specific mutation favored by selection. We present iSAFE (for "integrated selection of allele favored by evolution"), a method that enables researchers to accurately pinpoint the favored mutation in a large region (∼5 Mbp) by using a statistic derived solely from population genetics signals. iSAFE does not require knowledge of demography, the phenotype under selection, or functional annotations of mutations

Retencao de fosforo em tecidos de ovinos submetidos a diferentes proporcoes de Ca:P na dieta.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a retencao de fosforo nos tecidos e fluidos de ovinos submetidos a diferentes proporcoes Ca:P na dieta. Foram utilizados nove ovinos, machos, castrados, mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo. A racao de mantenca, feno de capim "coast cross", farinha de mandioca e ureia, foi suplementada com Na2HPO4 e CaCO3 para dar as seguintes proporcoes Ca: 0,75:1,0 (T1); 1,5:1,0 (T2) e 3,0:1,0 (T3). Apos 21 dias de adaptacao, cada animal recebeu uma injecao de 7,4 MB1 de 32P na forma de Na2HPO4 e foram coletadas amostras de sangue e fezes poroito dias. Atraves das atividades especificas nas fezes e plasma foi determinada a meia-vida biologica do 32P no plasma. No nono dias apos a injecao de 32P, todos os animais foram sacrificados e coletadas amostras de figado, rim, musculo, coracao e costelas para determinacao das atividades especificas e retencao de 32P nos tecidos. Os teores de P inorganico no plasma e meia-vida biologica do 32P plasma foram de: 4,46; 5,71, 5,62 mg;100 ml e 62,57; 78,82; 70,80 horas, respectivamente para os tratamentos T1, T2 e T3, nao havendo diferenca entre tratamentos. Os valores medios de P inorganico e retencao de 32P nos tecidos foram de 10,86; 9,61; 6,73; 6,54 e 91,09 mg/g de MS e 0,50; 0,31; 0,06; 0,24 e 0,75ùpara figado, rim, musculo, coracao e osso, respectivamente. Conclui-se que para este tipo de racao as diferentes proporcoes Ca:P utilizados nao influiram na retencao de P pelos tecidos