Antibiotic prophylaxis and reflux: Critical review and assessment

The use of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) was critical in the evolution of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) from a condition in which surgery was the standard of treatment to its becoming a medically managed condition. The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of VUR has been challenged in recent years, and significant confusion exists as to its clinical value. This review summarizes the critical factors in the history, use, and investigation of antibiotic prophylaxis in VUR. This review provides suggestions for assessing the potential clinical utility of prophylaxis

Monte Carlo analysis of critical phenomenon of the Ising model on memory stabilizer structures

We calculate the critical temperature of the Ising model on a set of graphs representing a concatenated three-bit error-correction code. The graphs are derived from the stabilizer formalism used in quantum error correction. The stabilizer for a subspace is defined as the group of Pauli operators whose eigenvalues are +1 on the subspace. The group can be generated by a subset of operators in the stabilizer, and the choice of generators determines the structure of the graph. The Wolff algorithm, together with the histogram method and finite-size scaling, is used to calculate both the critical temperature and the critical exponents of each structure. The simulations show that the choice of stabilizer generators, both the number and the geometry, has a large effect on the critical temperature.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 5 table

Impacto Financiero Y La Rotación De Personal En Las Áreas De Mercadeo Y Operaciones: Empresa Multinacional De Venta De Vacaciones Prepagadas En El Ecuador/Financial Impact and the Rotation of Personnel in the Marketing Areas and Operations: Multinational

El talento humano es determinado como el aporte más valioso en toda empresa, principalmente en las empresas de servicio, por lo que uno de los principales retos es potenciar al talento, buscando estrategias que identifiquen las necesidades y motivaciones que permita brindar agradado, desarrollo profesional y personal a los colaboradores. La ineficaz motivación y el poco compromiso que posee el personal genera un impacto en la rotación de personal lo que se verá reflejado a nivel financiero de la compañía; se ha identificado que la continua y excesiva rotación de personal es perjudicial para el cumplimiento de los objetivos empresariales, así como los costos que se genera en los procesos de reclutamiento, selección, inducción, capacitación, entre otros; y también al momento de la desvinculación. El principal objetivo del estudio es determinar el impacto financiero de la rotación de personal de las áreas de mercadeo y operaciones en una Empresa Multinacional de Venta de Vacaciones Prepagadas en el Ecuador. Ya que la incertidumbre, inestabilidad, genera alta rotación en especial a los nuevos postulantes, y los antiguos trabajadores que réquiem de estabilidad para el cumpliendo de sus objetivos profesionales. En la rotación de personal la organización debe incurrir en un conjunto de desembolso diarios obligatorios por Ley en la desvinculación del personal saliente demás de los requeridos para el reclutamiento y contratación de quienes cubrirán las vacantes presentadas. Human talent is considered the most valuable contribution in every company, mainly in service companies, so one of the challenges is to maximize the talent looking for strategies to identify needs and motivations that allow providing gratified, professional development, personal. Ineffective motivation and commitment that has little staff has an impact on the turnover which will be reflected in financial terms, has been identified as the continued and excessive staff turnover is detrimental to the fulfillment of business objectives, as the costs generated in the process of recruitment, selection, induction, training, among others; and also at the time of termination. The main objective of the study is to determine the financial impact of staff turnover in the areas of marketing and operations in a multinational company selling Prepaid Vacations in Ecuador. As uncertainty, instability, high turnover generated in particular to new applicants, and former employees who requiem stability for fulfilling their career goals. Turnover in the organization must incur a set of mandatory daily payout by law in the decoupling of outgoing personnel other than those required for the recruitment and hiring of those who fill the vacancies presented. Palabras Clave: Talento humano, rotación de personal, costos, reclutamiento y contratación. Keywords: human talent, turnover, recruiting and hiring costs

Analytical solution of thermal magnetization on memory stabilizer structures

We return to the question of how the choice of stabilizer generators affects the preservation of information on structures whose degenerate ground state encodes a classical redundancy code. Controlled-not gates are used to transform the stabilizer Hamiltonian into a Hamiltonian consisting of uncoupled single spins and/or pairs of spins. This transformation allows us to obtain an analytical partition function and derive closed form equations for the relative magnetization and susceptibility. These equations are in agreement with the numerical results presented in [arXiv:0907.0394v1] for finite size systems. Analytical solutions show that there is no finite critical temperature, Tc=0, for all of the memory structures in the thermodynamic limit. This is in contrast to the previously predicted finite critical temperatures based on extrapolation. The mismatch is a result of the infinite system being a poor approximation even for astronomically large finite size systems, where spontaneous magnetization still arises below an apparent finite critical temperature. We extend our analysis to the canonical stabilizer Hamiltonian. Interestingly, Hamiltonians with two-body interactions have a higher apparent critical temperature than the many-body Hamiltonian.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, analytical solutions of problems studied numerically in arXiv:0907.0394v1 [quant-ph

Estado epiléptico no convulsivo en el siglo XXI: clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico

Non-convulsive status epilepticus is a significant issue for a neurologist because, despite its low prevalence, it mimics other pathologies, with therapeutics and prognostic outcomes. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, mainly mental status or impaired consciousness and electroencephalographic changes, so electroencephalogram is the first exploration we must perform with clinical suspicion. There are three clinical forms: generalized or absence status, with diffuse epileptiform discharges; focal, with epileptic discharges located in a specific brain area and may not affect consciousness; and subtle, with diffuse or local epileptic activity after a tonic-clonic seizure or convulsive status and limited or no motor activity. Treatment are benzodiazepines and antiepileptic drugs; anesthetic drugs are only recommended for patients with subtle status and in some with partial complex status. Prognosis is mainly determined by etiology and associated brain damage

Analysis and Design of Wastewater Treatment

The work proposes the reuse of wastewater from the Faculty of Agronomic Engineering of the Technical University of Manabí, located in the Lodana parish in the city of Portoviejo, to irrigate the diversity of plantations that exist in the institution as a banana, cocoa and lemon. In the work, the results of the physical-chemical and bacteriological analysis carried out on the residual water generated in the institution are offered, being able to verify that it does not meet the parameters required to be used in the irrigation of crops. The technical scheme of the proposed treatment system is shown, specifying the structure of the zeolite filter. The calculations made for the technical and structural design of each of the devices that make up the proposed treatment system are provided. The analysis of the performance of the system that is illustrated with a series of data reflected in tables is exposed and where an efficiency between 84% and 88% can be verified. A review of compliance with environmental regulations is carried out and an economic analysis is provided on the cost of the investment for the introduction of the system in the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering of the Technical University of Manabí

Reciprocal regulation by the CepIR and CciIR quorum sensing systems in Burkholderia cenocepacia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Burkholderia cenocepacia </it>belongs to a group of closely related organisms called the <it>B. cepacia </it>complex (Bcc) which are important opportunistic human pathogens. <it>B. cenocepacia </it>utilizes a mechanism of cell-cell communication called quorum sensing to control gene expression including genes involved in virulence. The <it>B. cenocepacia </it>quorum sensing network includes the CepIR and CciIR regulatory systems.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Global gene expression profiles during growth in stationary phase were generated using microarrays of <it>B. cenocepacia cepR</it>, <it>cciR </it>and <it>cepRcciIR </it>mutants. This is the first time CciR was shown to be a global regulator of quorum sensing gene expression. CepR was primarily responsible for positive regulation of gene expression while CciR generally exerted negative gene regulation. Many of the genes that were regulated by both quorum sensing systems were reciprocally regulated by CepR and CciR. Microarray analysis of the <it>cepRcciIR </it>mutant suggested that CepR is positioned upstream of CciR in the quorum sensing hierarchy in <it>B. cenocepacia</it>. A comparison of CepIR-regulated genes identified in previous studies and in the current study showed a substantial amount of overlap validating the microarray approach. Several novel quorum sensing-controlled genes were confirmed using qRT-PCR or promoter::<it>lux </it>fusions. CepR and CciR inversely regulated flagellar-associated genes, the nematocidal protein AidA and a large gene cluster on Chromosome 3. CepR and CciR also regulated genes required for iron transport, synthesis of extracellular enzymes and surface appendages, resistance to oxidative stress, and phage-related genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>For the first time, the influence of CciIR on global gene regulation in <it>B. cenocepacia </it>has been elucidated. Novel genes under the control of the CepIR and CciIR quorum sensing systems in <it>B. cenocepacia </it>have been identified. The two quorum sensing systems exert reciprocal regulation of many genes likely enabling fine-tuned control of quorum sensing gene expression in <it>B. cenocepacia </it>strains carrying the cenocepacia island.</p