Politinės aplinkos Bulgarijoje įtaka J. Basanavičiui rengiant ir leidžiant “Aušrą”

Lithuanian national movement was not isolated from analogical processes in Europe in the 18th–19th centuries. All the movements of the nations, which had no self-dependence at that time, had the same or resembling typological traits. The interinfluence was felt. The purpose of this article is to look over the political environment in the Kingdom of Bulgaria, where Jonas Basanavičius was forming as a person and as a politician.The year of 1879, when J. Basanavičius finished his medical studies at the Moscow University, became the year of constitutional monarchy formation in Bulgaria. Life in the country was getting more dynamic because of the adoption of the Tirnov Constitution, the formation of parties, fights among them and frequent changes of governments.Liberalism became one of the most influential political movements in the country. The majority of the intelligentsia who had graduated from higher schools in Russia joined the liberal Party[ies]. Most of them had been students of the Moscow University (e. g. J. Basanavičius and such famous personalities as Petko Karavelov, Dimitr Molov etc.). The ideas of liberalism which especially impressed the representatives of the nations seeking for independence and personal acquaintances brought together J. Basanavičius and liberals. Though formally he wasn’t a member of the Liberal Party but he obviously was its supporter.The removal of liberals from power and their persecution determined J. Basanavičius’ departure from the country. He returned there only when political situation had changed.The war against Serbia (Lom was near the front line, the aggravation of the political situation in Bulgaria and J. Basanavičius’ illness removed him from the “Aušra” from some time. That time coincided with the “Aušra” failure.Later on J. Basanavičius become Bulgarian citizen and joined the Democratic Party which had been originated by consistant liberals under the leadership of P. Karavelov

Politinės aplinkos Bulgarijoje įtaka J. Basanavičiui rengiant ir leidžiant “Aušrą”

Lithuanian national movement was not isolated from analogical processes in Europe in the 18th–19th centuries. All the movements of the nations, which had no self-dependence at that time, had the same or resembling typological traits. The interinfluence was felt. The purpose of this article is to look over the political environment in the Kingdom of Bulgaria, where Jonas Basanavičius was forming as a person and as a politician.The year of 1879, when J. Basanavičius finished his medical studies at the Moscow University, became the year of constitutional monarchy formation in Bulgaria. Life in the country was getting more dynamic because of the adoption of the Tirnov Constitution, the formation of parties, fights among them and frequent changes of governments.Liberalism became one of the most influential political movements in the country. The majority of the intelligentsia who had graduated from higher schools in Russia joined the liberal Party[ies]. Most of them had been students of the Moscow University (e. g. J. Basanavičius and such famous personalities as Petko Karavelov, Dimitr Molov etc.). The ideas of liberalism which especially impressed the representatives of the nations seeking for independence and personal acquaintances brought together J. Basanavičius and liberals. Though formally he wasn’t a member of the Liberal Party but he obviously was its supporter.The removal of liberals from power and their persecution determined J. Basanavičius’ departure from the country. He returned there only when political situation had changed.The war against Serbia (Lom was near the front line, the aggravation of the political situation in Bulgaria and J. Basanavičius’ illness removed him from the “Aušra” from some time. That time coincided with the “Aušra” failure.Later on J. Basanavičius become Bulgarian citizen and joined the Democratic Party which had been originated by consistant liberals under the leadership of P. Karavelov

Studentai iš Lietuvos Kijevo Šv. Vladimiro universitete

The publication is a continuation of documents, already published in the “History” journal, from the State Kyiv Archives which stores the material related to the history of Kyiv’s Saint Vladimir University and from the library of Taras Shevchenko National (former State) University of Kyiv. Many students from Lithuania and Lithuanians from other parts of the Russian Empire studied in the University of Kyiv until the restoration of Lithuania’s independence. In 1887 Lithuanian students formed a small group in Kyiv and had their secret library. The book presents an extract from the list of students in 1904/05 academic year, which contains data about 35 persons. The list also comprises students who were born outside Lithuania but were awarded school-leaving certificates in Lithuanian high schools. The table presents information about the faculties and courses selected by all students related to Lithuania (the students of the Faculty of History and Philology were excluded). In the 19th c. the Jews constituted the majority of students who came from Lithuania. At the beginning of the 20th c. (Orthodox) children of functionaries who came from Russia grew up in Lithuania and constituted the majority of students. The number of Catholics (Lithuanians and Poles) decreased, and there was a significant drop in the number of Jewish students. The decrease in the number of Jews could be associated with the wave of Jewish pogroms that rolled across Ukraine. The majority of incoming students at the end of the 19th c. had a landlord or bourgeois descent. With the number of Orthodox students increasing, the social origin of students significantly changed. At the beginning of the 20th c. the children of functionaries made the larger share of students

The Roman Catholic Ecclesiastic Academy of St. Petersburg and Lithuania (the problems of Lithuanian investigation)

Autorius, remdamasis esama istoriografija, publikuotais šaltiniais, atsiminimais, SSRS Centriniame valstybiniame istorijos archyve ir Peterburgo valstybiniame istorijos archyve surinkta medžiaga, bando išryškinti galimus Katalikų dvasinės akademijos istorijos tyrinéjimo klausimus. Straipsnyje pabandyta susieti Rusijos imperijos poliliką katalikų atžviIgiu su Akademijos istorijos faktais. Aptariamas ryšys su teologijos dėstymu Vilniaus universitete, Dvasinės akademijos perkėlimu į Sankt Peterburgą. Pabandyta iš bendrojo studentų skaičiaus išskirti su Lietuva susijusius studentus. Aptariama mokymo disciplinos ir profesūra. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į Akademijos ryšius su Lietuva, minima studentų visuomeninė veikla. Nurodoma Akademijos reikšmė tolesnei dvasininkų karjerai.The history of Catholic ecclesiastic Academy has not been thorougly studied from the Lithuanian point of view up to nowadays. An attempt was wade to clear up the possible problems of future investigations. A special attention is paid to the thorough historiographic contribution of clerical seminary and evaluation of the formation of Lithuanian intelligentsia. An attempt to relate the policy of Russian empire with the facts towards the history of Academy is made in the article. The relation with the delivery of Theology in Vilnius University is discussed, also the removal (shift) of Ecclesiastic Academy to St. Petersburg. An attempt is made to exclude the students related to Lithuania from the general (common) number of students. In the article a special attention is paid to the relations of Academy with Lithuania. The significance of the Academy to the further ecclesiastic career is touched in this article

Students from Lithuania at St. Vladimir’s University in Kiev a hundred years ago

The establishment of Kiev University in 1834 was connected with the insurrection in Lithuania and the closing of Vilnius University. Students from Lithuania were learning at Kiev University in the XIX century. A. Domaševičius, Z. Gėlė-Gaidamavičius, J. Gurauskis, V. Krėvė, A. Mackevičius, Maironis, A. Moravskis, B. Untulis and others were the most famous persons coming from Lithuania. The Lithuanians had a fraternity of their own and a clandestine library. K. Sliekas was the most prominent figure of that time studying at the University. The article contains an extract from the list of students dated 1897-8 academic years and comprises data on 64 persons, 12 of whom were not born in Lithuania but received their school-leaving certificates there. The list itself is kept among other documents of Kiev University. Most of the students studied at the Faculty of Medicine. Although the students’ nationality is not indicated in the list judging from the religion most of the students coming from Lithuania were Jews. The majority of them were off-spring of landowners and townsmen born in the provinces of Vilnius and Kaunas. Prior to entering the University they graduated as many as 25 different secondary schools (data are missing for two persons) in Lithuania and other places of the Russian empire of that time