Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 levaansukraasid: ekspressioon, biokeemiline iseloomustamine, mutatsioonanalüüs ja polümerisatsiooniproduktide spekter

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Suhkrud on maakeral äärmiselt levinud molekulid ning neil on väga oluline roll elusorganismides. Fruktoosijääkidest koosnevaid suhkruid nimetatakse fruktaanideks ja nad on organismidele põhiliselt varuaineteks. Mõned taimed, näiteks sigur ja maapirn sisaldavad oma juurtes väga palju fruktaani. Fruktaanidele on leitud ka rakendusi näiteks toidutehnoloogias prebiootikumide, emulgaatorite või magusainetena ja meditsiinis vereplasma asendajana. Prebiootikumidena toimivad eelkõige lühiahelalised fruktaanid ehk fruktooligosahhariidid (FOS). FOS-id stimuleerivad kasulike piimhappebakterite hulka ja aktiivsust jämesooles, parandades sellega organismi tervist, pikaahelalised fruktaanid aga turgutavad immuunsüsteemi ja toimivad vähivastaselt. Fruktaane sünteesivad fruktosüültransferaaside abil paljud taime-, seene- ja bakteriliigid. Oma doktoritöös uurisin taimi nakatava bakteri Pseudomonas syringae levaansukraase. Need on põnevad ensüümid, mis sünteesivad sahharoosist, aga ka veel odavamast toorainest, suhkrupeedi melassist, polümeerset fruktaani – levaani ja FOS-e. Huvitaval kombel on sellel mikroobil levaansukraase kodeerivaid geene kolm (lsc1, lsc2, lsc3), kuigi enamus levaani tootvaid baktereid saab hakkama ühega. Kui panna ükskõik milline neist kolmest mainitud DNA lõigust soolekepikesse (Escherichia coli), siis sünteesitakse täiesti töökorras ensüüm. Kui selline soolekepike kasvab sahharoosiga tardsöötmel, siis kattub tema koloonia ohtra limaga – levaaniga. Näitasime esmakordselt, et lisaks sahharoosile võivad pseudomoonastest pärit levaansukraasid kasutada ka rafinoosi ja stahhüoosi, mida leidub palju näiteks sojaoas. Minu doktoritöö peategelane, valk Lsc3 on väga aktiivne ning äärmiselt stabiilne katalüüsija – tema töövõime säilis kõrgel temperatuuril ja ka pikaaegsel säilitamisel. Sellised omadused teevad Lsc3-st valgu, mida võiks kasutada fruktaanide biotehnoloogilisel tootmisel, sest tööstuslikus protsessis on biokatalüsaatori efektiivsus ja stabiilsus ülioluline. Uudse kiibipõhise molekulide massi määramise meetodiga uurisime, milliseid fruktaane Lsc3 sünteesib. Avastasime, et ensüüm võib fruktoosijääke liita mitmetele erinevatele molekulidele nagu ksüloos, ksülobioos, ksülitool ja galakturoonhape, tekitades segusuhkruid. Segusuhkrud on huvitavad, sest neile ennustatakse uudseid bioloogilisi omadusi ja toimeid, näiteks võiksid nad olla eriti tõhusad prebiootikumid.Levansucrases are bacterial enzymes belonging to family 68 of glycoside hydro¬lases (GHs). They catalyze hydrolysis of their substrate but also have prominent fructosyl transferase activity. The main substrate for levansucrases is sucrose which is major disaccharide in plants. Raffinose, likewisely abundant in some plants, is also used as a substrate. Spectrum of reaction products of levan¬sucrases comprises highly polymeric levan and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of various degree of polymerization (DP). The entity of levansucrase reaction products depends on the enzyme and its origin, but also on reaction conditions enabling manipulation of the product spectrum. Levansucrases share highly similar five-blade β-propeller fold with other GH68 and 32 enzymes including bacterial inulosucrases, plant and microbial invertases, fructan exohydrolases and fructosyl transferases. In this thesis, levansucrases Lsc2 and Lsc3 from a plant pathogenic bac¬terium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato were expressed in a bacterial host Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. As a comparison, levansucrase LscA from P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca was studied. The main results of this thesis are summarized as follows: 1. Lsc2 and Lsc3 of P. syringae pv. tomato were expressed with high yield in a bacterial host Escherichia coli exerting two expression systems. The first system relies on maltase gene promoter PMAL from a methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. We verified that functionality of PMAL in E. coli is caused by the presence of σ70-like boxes in the eucaryotic promoter. The PMAL was shown to have suitable strength in E. coli providing a sufficient amount of catalytically active protein of interest. Due to its dual activity, it can be used as a promoter shared by yeasts and bacteria in heterologous protein expression trials. A pURI3 vector-based expression system was ad¬justed to obtain mutant and wild-type N-terminally His-tagged Lsc3 proteins. 2. P. syringae pathovars are exceptional among other bacterial species because they possess up to three levansucrase alleles in their genomes. We showed that all three lsc genes (lsc1, lsc2, lsc3) of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 encode functional levansucrase proteins, if expressed from a heterologous promoter in E. coli. 3. Enzymology and biochemistry of Lsc2 and Lsc3 was addressed and com¬pared with that of LscA from P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca. All three proteins were shown to use sucrose, raffinose and stachyose as substrates. Low hydrolytic activity towards levan was also recorded. Affinities for sucrose of Lsc3, Lsc2 and LscA were similar, the Km values being around 20 mM. The maximum reaction velocity and catalytic efficiency of LscA was much lower than that of Lsc2 and Lsc3 proteins. Polymerization properties of the enzymes differed. At low sucrose concentration, Lsc3 polymerized much more effectively than LscA. At high substrate concentration, the difference in transfructosylating activity was evened out, but the FOS spectrum was still different – the LscA produced more high-DP FOS than Lsc3 or Lsc2. 4. As a novel feature for levansucrases of pseudomonads, this study shows the ability of Lsc3 and LscA to produce heterooligofructans (HOF) by trans¬fructosylating nonconventional fructosyl acceptors. For the first time, levansucrases were shown to transfructosylate D-sorbitol, D-galacturonic acid, D-mannitol, xylitol, methyl-α-D-glycopyranoside and a disaccharide xylobiose. Novel high-throughput nanoESI HCT mass spectrometry method was implemented and optimized to specify the HOF and conventional FOS. 5. Lsc2 and Lsc3 were shown to be stabile and catalytically active proteins that preserved their activity at various pH and temperature values. They also tolerated presence of several metal ions and detergents. Those characteristics are essential for extracellular proteins and they are important for enzymes to be used in industry. As we showed that the levansucrases of P. syringae pv. tomato can produce biotechnologically promising products levan, FOS and HOF from a cheap substrate, sucrose, they should certainly be regarded as feasible biocatalysts for technological approaches. 6. Whereas no data on structure-function relationships among levansucrases of Pseudomonas bacteria were available, mutational analysis of Lsc3 was initiated. Asp62, Asp219 and Glu303 were predicted as catalytic triad residues of Lsc3. Mutation analysis of Lsc3 specified Thr302 and His321 as residues implicated in substrate binding and transfructosylation reaction possibly belonging to the +1 subsite of the Lsc3 active centre

Metalliliste nanoosakeste disain ja füüsikalis-keemiline iseloomustamine ning nende rakendamine antimikroobsetes pinnakatetes

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneUudsete omadustega nanomaterjale (läbimõõt vähemalt ühes suunas alla 100 nm) rakendatakse arvukates tarbekaupades ning tootearenduses. Paljude selliste tarbekaupade eesmärk on piirata mikroobide levikut. Tarbekaupades enimkasutatud nanomaterjal on hõbe (edaspidi Ag) ning peamiselt tuleneb Ag nanoosakeste antimikroobne toime osakestest eralduvatest Ag+ ioonidest. Antimikroobsete toodete eesmärk on valdavalt bakterite tapmine või nende kasvu pärssimine kahjustamata nn mitte-sihtorganisme (sh inimesi) ning seepärast sisaldab käesolev teadustöö uurimusi erineva suuruse, kuju ja pinnalaenguga Ag nanoosakeste antimikroobsusest, mürgisusest ja mürgisuse mehhanismidest tõvestavatele mikroobidele ja imetajarakkudele. Tulemustest selgub, et positiivse pinnalaenguga Ag nanoosakeste kasutamist tuleks vältida toodetes, millega inimene vahetult kokku puutub, sest sellised osakesed olid imetajarakkudele märkimisväärselt mürgisemad. Ag nanoosakesi otsustati rakendada antimikroobsetes katetes, kuna viimaste väljatöötamine on tänu multiresistentsete mikroobitüvede järjest suurenevale osakaalule kasvava potentsiaaliga. Käesoleva töö varasemad tulemused näitasid, et fotokatalüütilised pinnad on võimelised orgaanilisi jäänuseid sh mikroobirakke lagundama, seepärast kombineeriti Ag osakesed fotokatalüütiliste nanoosakestega. Fotokatalüütiliseks pinnakatte komponendiks valiti osaliselt lahustuvad ZnO nanoosakesed. Ag nanoosakeste kombineerimine ZnO osakestega suurendas fotokatalüüsi aktiivsust ning antimikroobsuse efektiivsust ning seepärast on Ag sobilik materjal efektiivsete fotokatalüüsil põhinevate antimikroobsete katete arendamisel. Väljatöötatud pinnakatete korduvkasutatavuse hindamine näitas, et pinnakatete antibakteriaalne aktiivsus ja fotokatalüütilise lagundamise võime ei vähenenud märkimisväärselt ka pärast kümmet kasutustsüklit. Meile teadaolevalt oli meie uurimus esimene, mis näitas ZnO/Ag pindade korduvkasutatavust antimikroobses rakenduses.Novel properties of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) (less than 100 nm in at least one dimension) are exploited in numerous consumer products and in product development. Many consumer products aim to prevent the spread of microbes. Silver (Ag) is known for its Ag+ ion-based antimicrobial properties and therefore Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most used NMs in consumer products. Antimicrobial products are meant to kill or inhibit the growth of predominantly bacteria without causing harm to so-called non-target organisms (including humans) and therefore, the current research includes studies about the antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity to mammalian cells, including the mechanisms behind it, of a library of Ag NPs with different sizes, shapes and surface charges. The results suggest avoiding the use of positively charged Ag NPs in human directed products as those particles presented notably higher toxic effect to mammalian cells. Based on those results, the study made suggestions for using Ag NPs in antimicrobial coatings: the development of which is difficult to underestimate due to the increasing spread of multidrug resistant microbes. Along with Ag NPs, this study suggested including a photocatalytic component to the surface coatings as according to our previous results, photocatalytic coatings have the potential to degrade organic material on their surface. Partially soluble ZnO NPs were chosen as the photocatalytic component. ZnO NPs were supplemented with Ag NPs (ZnO/Ag composite NPs) to prepare efficient antimicrobial coatings with a combined effect from photocatalysis and antimicrobial metal ions (Ag+, Zn2+). The addition of Ag NPs increased photocatalytic effect and antimicrobial efficiency and therefore Ag can be considered a suitable material in the development of efficient photocatalytic material-based antimicrobial coatings. Reusability of the prepared coatings was tested and no significant decrease in neither antibacterial activity nor photodegradation capability was observed after 10 usage cycles. According to our best knowledge, our study was the first to demonstrate the reusability of ZnO/Ag surfaces for antimicrobial applications.https://www.ester.ee/record=b528306

Project and Quality Management

E-kursuse "Project and Quality Management" õppematerjalid. Project and Quality Management course offers Master of Science in Engineering students a basic understanding of both fields through theoretical background and a team effort of compiling and presenting a project proposal of implementing an innovation: a given quality management system at a fictional organization

Device-to-Device Mobile Gaming

Tänu läbimurretele mobiilsete seadmete ja sotsiaalvõrgustikes vastastikuse mobiilse suhtlemise valdkondades on seadmelt-seadmele (ingl. k. device-to-device) mobiilsed mängud muutunud aktuaalseks trendiks. Selleks, et säästa rakenduste poolt nõutavat energiat ja kiirendada nende reaktsiooniaega, on võimalikuks vahendiks kasutada koodi mahalaadimist pilve vahendusel või seadmelt-seadmele. Teatavasti on andmevahetuses eelistatud madal latentsusaeg, mille tõttu on seadmelt-seadmele mahalaadimine sobilikum. Sellegipoolest ei ole lähedal asuvale seadmele mahalaadimine praktikas otstarbekas, sest kasutaja ei pruugi olla nõus teise seadme poolt edastatud ülesande lahendamises, kuna sellega kaasneb lisanduv energia kadu. Antud töös läheneme probleemile uuest küljest: selle asemel, et lasta teisel seadmel töö ära teha on võimalik kasutada juba lahendatud ülesannete tulemusi. Püstitatud eesmärgi saavutamiseks arendati välja raamistik ja teostati juhtumiuuring. Valideerimise tulemusele põhinedes leidsime, et lähedal asuvate, omavahel ühendatud seadmete puhul on võimalik vähendada rakenduse koormust.Device-to-Device(D2D) mobile gaming is a new trend which is emerging as a result of the increasing advances in mobile devices and social network interaction with mobile peers. As these games are played between players in proximity, it is possible to take advantage of computational offloading to balance the load of these applications. Smartphone games can be instrumentalized with computational offloading mechanisms in order to save energy and increase response time of the applications. In this context, remote cloud and D2D offloading has been proposed. It is well known that low latency is preferable to high latency in the communication when offloading, and as a result, D2D offloading is more suitable than remote cloud. However, the idea of offloading to a nearby device is not feasible in practice, because a user may not be willing to process the task from another device. This can be clearly seen as processing a task from another device does not represent a gain but rather a loss in resources for the device that executes the task. In this thesis, we investigate a new perspective, in which a device is not requested to process a task, but it is alleviated from processing one task that another device has already processed. To achieve this purpose, we develop a framework and a case study. Based on the result of the validation, we found out that it is possible to balance the execution load of an application between nearby interconnected devices

Learning about aspects of early 20th century British culture using feature films

The aim of this paper is to establish whether feature films can be used to introduce the aspects of early 20th century British culture. Can the characteristics of the people who lived during that time reflect the cultural aspects of their country to students? What are the factors that make it possible for films to project cultural nuances? The first chapter focusses on the definition of culture. Multiple definitions by different scholars who have given their input on the matter are presented. The aspects of culture that can be introduced using films are discussed. The second chapter presents an analysis of two sources – the feature film The King’s Speech and the TV-series Peaky Blinders in order to find the cultural aspects that might be useful for students to learn about British culture. The usefulness of the film and the TV-series for the purposes of culture learning is discussed.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5239093*es

Wfs1 geeni puudulikkusega hiire monoamiinergilise ja GABA-ergilise süsteemi farmakoloogiline ja käitumuslik iseloomustus

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Meeleolu- ja ärevushäired on laialt levinud väga rasked psühhiaatrilised haigused. Mõnedes inimese geenides esinevate mutatsioonide puhul ilmneb neid häireid oluliselt sagedamini. Üheks selliseks geeniks on WFS1 geen. WFS1 geeni homosügootsed mutatsioonid põhjustavad Wolframi sündroomi (WS), mis on üliharuldane ja väga raske kuluga haigus. Kuigi WS-i iseloomustavad paljud eri sümptomid nagu diabeet, nägemisnärvi kärbumine ja kurtus, on intrigeeriv, et WS-i patsientidel esineb lisaks oluliselt tihemini depressiooni, ärevust ja psühhoose. Lisaks, ka WFS1 heterosügootsetel isikutel on leitud palju suurem risk sattuda haiglasse raske depressiooniga. Nagu inimeses on WFS1 geen, on ka hiires selle analoogina Wfs1 geen. Tulenevalt sellest, et WFS1 geeni mutatsioonid on tihedalt seotud raskete vaimsete häirete tekkega, otsustasime uurida selle geeni puudulikkusest tulenevaid käitumuslikke ja kesknärvisüsteemi muutusi hiiremudelis, millel eelnevalt tekitasime vastavad mutatsioonid Wfs1 geeni. Eesmärk oli vaadata, kas nende mutanthiirte käitumine spetsiaalsetes katseseadmetes peegeldab vaimsete häirete tunnusjooni, mis võimaldaks seda loommudelit kasutada ärevus- ja depressiooniravimite siirdemeditsiinilistes uuringutes näiteks WS-i puhul. Lisaks soovisime teada, millised biokeemilised muutused toimuvad peamistes psühhiaatriliste haigustega seotud virgatsainesüsteemides (dopamiin, serotoniin, noradrenaliin ja GABA) hiire ajus. Esiteks ilmnes, et dopamiini süsteem oli neil hiirtel oluliselt pidurdatud mitmes aspektis. Teiseks ilmnes, et nendel hiirtel on häirunud serotoniini talitlus ja need hiired on tundlikumad laialt levinud serotonergilistele ja noradrenergilistele antidepressantidele (paroksetiin ja imipramiin) depressiooni-laadset seisundit peegeldavates testides. Samas ei tõuse Wfs1-puudulike hiirte serotoniini tasemed ajus vastusena ärevust tekitavale keskkonnale (nt ereda valgusega avaral väljal); pigem isegi langevad. Seevastu mutatsioonita hiirtel serotoniini tasemed tõusevad, mis on üldiselt tavapärane. Kolmandaks leidsime nii käitumuslikke kui geneetilisi muutusi GABA süsteemis, mis võib näidata ärevuse tekkes oluliste mehhanismide kõrvalekaldeid tulenevalt Wfs1 geeni puudulikkusest.Mood and anxiety disorders are prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders. Mutations in some human genes are associated with a higher incidence of these disorders. One such gene is WFS1. Homozygous mutations of WFS1 gene cause Wolfram syndrome (WS), a rare and severe disease. Although WS is characterized by multiple different symptoms like diabetes, optic nerve atrophy and deafness, WS patients also have a higher likelihood of depression, anxiety and psychoses. In addition, heterozygous carriers of WFS1 mutations display elevated chance of being hospitalized with depression. Because WFS1 mutations are closely related to debilitating psychiatric disorders, we decided to study the behavioral and biochemical phenotype caused by changes in this gene using a Wfs1-deficient mouse line. The aim was to see if the behavior and biochemical profile of these mutant mice reflects characteristics of human psychiatric disorders and would allow for this mouse model to be used when screening anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs in the field of translational medicine. In addition, we wanted to know which kind of biochemical changes accompany Wfs1 deficiency in neurotransmitter systems (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, GABA) strongly implicated in psychiatric disorders. We first found that these mice had alterations to serotonin metabolism and an elevated reaction to serotonergic antidepressants in behavioral despair experiments. At the same time, brain serotonin levels do not rise in Wfs1-deficient animals in response to exposure to a stress-inducing environment. By contrast, serotonin levels do rise in wild-type animals which is a known response. Secondly, the dopaminergic system is impaired in many aspects in Wfs1 mutants. Thirdly, we detected behavioral and genetic alterations to the GABA system, owing to Wfs1 gene deficiency, which indicate changes to mechanisms important in the etiology of anxiety

Integreeritud kommunikatsiooni roll sihtrühmade kaasamisel Eesti Rahva Muuseumis

“Target Group Engagement Through Integrated Communications in Estonian National Museum” Keywords: engagement, cultural participation, integrated communications, onlinecommunication, Estonian National Museum, museum visitor Estonian National Museum (ENM) is a state funded museum, the main mission of which is gathering, preserving, researching and mediating culture materials of Estonian and other Finno-Ugric people, and of nation groups living in Estonia and neighbouring countries. Additionally, the museum undertakes to promote work in the fields of ethnology and museology (ERM põhimäärus 2009). In relation to opening the new exhibition building in year 2014, an opportunity has arisen for ENM to modernize its communication activities, considering the possibilities and expectations created by the new technological means. The aim of the Master’s thesis “Target Group Engagement Through Integrated Communications in Estonian National Museum” was to study ENM’s target groups, engagement of these target groups and current engagement practices, taking into account the fact that in addition to regular communication tools, there are online-communication opportunities for communication organisation’s messages and to engage target groups. The main research questions were: Which external communication channels are used to communicate with the ENM’s target groups? What are ENM’s engagement practices? What have been the strenghts and weaknesses of ENM’s participatory interventions during past two years? In the theoretical part of the paper I explained the term “integrated communication”, which by my definition includes all the activities of an organisation that are necessary for the successful functioning of the organisation and for communicating with stakeholders and target groups. In this paper the term focused on interrelated external communication activities that result in a more efficient communication with the target groups. To do that there is a need need to use new online-media channels and ways of communication in addition to the more traditional ways of interaction and communication. Web 2.0 creates the expectation for an organisation to be open, to create trusting relationships with the customers and to deconstruct existing barriers (e.g., O’Reilly 2005, Solis & Breakenridge 2009, Scott 2010). I also pointed out how ENM has positioned itself as a multifaceted social binder and placed the museum into the present market economic context, where the museum has to compete with other recreational institutions for the attention of the visitor as well as fulfil the socially placed mission. Determining engagement I utilized the 5-step model used in the Estonian public- and non-profit sectors, developed by the International Association of Public Participation (2007, also Hinsberg & Kübar 2009), and following it, engagement is a sequential process from informing to empowering. Ways of cultural participation can be divided: attending/receiving, performance/production by amateurs, interaction I used the guideline given to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics by Adolfo Morrone (2006:6). The methods of this paper include quantitative research with data from study Mina.Maailm.Meedia 2008, interviews with ENM’s communication manager and focus group interviews with teachers and tourism organizers and tour guides. As a result of the analysis the following conclusions can be made: • ENM has a wide variety of target groups due to the multifaceted activities, but these are rather general (e.g., the whole world, Estonia, tourists, researchers) and the target groups are mostly event- and project-based. However, there are some target groups which are set apart from the rest, for example ENM’s Friends’ Society, Lettersenders, research related people and the portal Eesti Hetked; • ENM integrates offline and online communication channels: the main channels are press release, emails to mailinglists and the museum’s home page. Additionally, the social media channels (Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Vimeo) are being tested, at the moment they are mainly used to inform the target groups; • The target groups consider the following as necessary qualities of a museum: good access, flexibility, active participation interventions, good presentation of information and collections, good self introduction/advertisements and manifold spin-off activities, clear presence of conception and maintaining balance between information and space in an exhibition. The teachers also pointed out the ability to expose the existing as much as possible and the presence of various activities. • The present exhibition at ENM is thought to be boring and dated, especially for foreign tourists. However, ideas that were offered by the focus groups could be used by the ENM even before the opening of the new building: e.g., exhibiting the museum complex at Raadi better, enlivening exhibitions through role plays and improving the present spin-off activities. • For the future ENM two important expected aspects were highlighted: attractive activities and role-plays and good access and flexibility (including the chance to be a guide in the museum); • The data from Mina.Maailm.Meedia 2008 said that 64% of Estonian population likes to visit museums, but more than half go there rarely or not at all. Therefore, this is the target group where museums could find most of their potential visitors; • The main reasons for visiting museums were the same for all who like to go there, disregarding the frequency of visits. These were: gaining new knowledge, finding out new things, the opportunity to spend free time usefully and in an interesting way; to see and experience for oneself things that have been only heard of, to get to know other cultures, eras, countries and nature; • ENM has dealt with engagement activities ENM since its establishment in 1909. Today ENM uses enagement on the level of participation, where necessary data to enhance ENM’s collections is gathered systematically from different target groups. The museum mainly cooperates with the ENM’s Friends’s Society, Lettersenders and Photosenders (also the portal Eesti Hetked). • Additionally, there have been experiments in engaging people more widely. The project “In thousand steps…” asked people to comment on the photo exhibition in the physical space and this indicated that it is possible to enliven the show by simple and cheap means. Furthermore, “Give the museum a day of your life” and “My Exhibition” proved that people prefer online channels to send in their stories and ideas and offering online possibilities could multiply the amount of the users. • In my discussion, I offered a version of a participation and engagement scale, that can be used to position participatory interventions in the present and the future. I also give ENM suggestions on how to plan theyr communication activities: to prioritise target groups and to devise a strategic integrated communication plan that would take into account the fact that for ENM visitors and general public, all the observable activities of the museum are a part of the museum. In conclusion, the ENM’s activities are varied and I believe that connecting different parts of the museum, finding target groups, and setting priority target groups and offering them participatory intervention and engagement opportunities would help to increase the visibility of the museum. Present Master’s thesis is part of the research project “Developing Museum Communication in the 21st Century Information Environment” (ETF8006) funded by the Estonian Science Foundation. The mapping of targget groups in this paper give an opportunity to compare the communication activities of a museum and other memory institutions. The keywords from different areas used in museum communication and engagement and cultural participation in a museum and more generally in memory institutions, definitely deserve additional research.http://www.ester.ee/record=b4044421*es

Muuseumipedagoogika rakendamise võimalused formaalhariduses Tartu näitel

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5304979*es

Maareformi reguleerinud õigusaktide rakendamine Riigikohtu tsiviilosakonnas 1920-1924

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4678039*es