Design and Implementation of IOT Based Real Time Monitoring System for Aquaculture using Raspberry Pi

Internet of things is one of the rapidly growing fields for delivering social and economic benefits for emerging and developing economy. The field of IOT is expanding its wings in all the domains like medical,industrial,transportation,education,mining etc.Now-adayswiththe advancement in integrated on chip computers like Arduino, Raspberry pi the technology is reaching the ground level with its application in agriculture and aquaculture. Water quality is a critical factor while culturing aquatic organisms. It mainly depends on several parameters like dissolved oxygen,ammonia, pH, temperature, salt, nitrates, carbonates etc. The quality of water is monitored continuously with the help of sensors to ensure growth and survival of aquatic life. The sensed data is transferred to the aqua farmer mobile through cloud. As a result preventive measures can be taken in time to minimize the losses and increase the productivity

Evaluation of the activity of CYP2C19 in Gujrati and Marwadi subjects living in Mumbai (Bombay)

BACKGROUND: Inherited differences in the metabolism and disposition of drugs, and genetic polymorphisms in the targets of drug therapy (e.g., receptors), can greatly influence efficacy and toxicity of medications. Marked interethnic differences in CYP2C19 (a member of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme superfamily catalyzing phase I drug metabolism) which affects the metabolism of a number of clinically important drugs have been documented. The present study evaluated the activity of CYP2C19 in normal, healthy Gujrati and Marwadi subjects by phenotyping (a western Indian population). METHODS: All subjects received 20 mg of omeprazole, which was followed by blood collection at 3 hrs to estimate the metabolic ratio of omeprazole to 5-hydroxyomeprazole. The analysis was done by HPLC. RESULTS: It was seen that 10.36% of this population were poor metabolizers(PM) whereas 89.63% were extensive metabolizers(EM). CONCLUSION: A genotyping evaluation would better help in identifying population specific genotypes and thus help individualize drug therapy

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

ER Stress in Retinal Degeneration in S334ter Rho Rats

The S334ter rhodopsin (Rho) rat (line 4) bears the rhodopsin gene with an early termination codon at residue 334 that is a model for several such mutations found in human patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is implicated in the pathophysiology of several retinal disorders including ADRP in P23H Rho rats. The aim of this study was to examine the onset of UPR gene expression in S334ter Rho retinas to determine if UPR is activated in ADRP animal models and to investigate how the activation of UPR molecules leads to the final demise of S334ter Rho photoreceptors. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the gene expression profiles for the P10, P12, P15, and P21 stages of the development and progression of ADRP in S334ter Rho photoreceptors. We determined that during the P12– P15 period, ER stress-related genes are strongly upregulated in transgenic retinas, resulting in the activation of the UPR that was confirmed using western blot analysis and RT-PCR. The activation of UPR was associated with the increased expression of JNK, Bik, Bim, Bid, Noxa, and Puma genes and cleavage of caspase-12 that together with activated calpains presumably compromise the integrity of the mitochondrial MPTP, leading to the release of pro-apoptotic AIF1 into the cytosol of S334ter Rho photoreceptor cells. Therefore, two major cross-talking pathways, the UPR and mitochondrial MPTP occur i

ER stress in retinal degeneration in S334ter Rho rats.

The S334ter rhodopsin (Rho) rat (line 4) bears the rhodopsin gene with an early termination codon at residue 334 that is a model for several such mutations found in human patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is implicated in the pathophysiology of several retinal disorders including ADRP in P23H Rho rats. The aim of this study was to examine the onset of UPR gene expression in S334ter Rho retinas to determine if UPR is activated in ADRP animal models and to investigate how the activation of UPR molecules leads to the final demise of S334ter Rho photoreceptors. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the gene expression profiles for the P10, P12, P15, and P21 stages of the development and progression of ADRP in S334ter Rho photoreceptors. We determined that during the P12-P15 period, ER stress-related genes are strongly upregulated in transgenic retinas, resulting in the activation of the UPR that was confirmed using western blot analysis and RT-PCR. The activation of UPR was associated with the increased expression of JNK, Bik, Bim, Bid, Noxa, and Puma genes and cleavage of caspase-12 that together with activated calpains presumably compromise the integrity of the mitochondrial MPTP, leading to the release of pro-apoptotic AIF1 into the cytosol of S334ter Rho photoreceptor cells. Therefore, two major cross-talking pathways, the UPR and mitochondrial MPTP occur in S334ter-4 Rho retina concomitantly and eventually promote the death of the photoreceptor cells

Adaptive Cruise Controlled Collision Warning with Brake Support

In this project we focus on preventing accident due to collision using IR sensor, receiver and transmitter circuit. If there is any obstacle in the path, the IR sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking system. This system can be equipped in any modern vehicle. This system is useful mainly on highways to prevent accidental collision and protect the occupants

Activation of calpains in S334ter-4 Rho retinas.

<p>In P15 and P30 S334ter-4 Rho retinas, we observed an activation of calpains in the cytosol measured by the fluorescence intensity emitted from the calpain substrate Ac-LLY AFC. On P15 and P30, there was a 1.4- and a greater than 2-fold increase in activated calpains in S334ter-4 Rho retinas compared with SD retinas, respectively (2.24±0.09 in SD vs. 3.1±0.127 in S334ter-4 Rho, <i>P</i><0.01 and 1.287±0.27 in SD vs. 2.7±0.04 in S334ter-4 Rho, <i>P</i><0.05, respectively).</p

Relative expression of the oxygen stress-induced Hif1a, Sod1 and Nf-kB genes in S334ter-4 Rho retinas at different ages.

<p>Relative gene expression in S334ter-4 Rho retina was measured on P10, P12, P15, P18 and P21 and a fold change was expressed as a ratio of S334ter-4Rho relative expression to SD relative expression. Expression of the Hif1α and Sod1 genes was significantly induced in P10 S334ter-4 Rho compared to SD retinas (1.5- and 1.4-fold, respectively, <i>P</i><0.05, *). On P12, increased Hif1a expression was still evident (1.9-fold, <i>P</i><0.05,*); however, the Sod1 expression was decreased compared to P10. When compared with Hif1a and Sod1 mRNA, the relative accumulation of Nf-kB mRNA in S334ter-4 Rho retinas exhibited alternate dynamics: a 1.7-fold increase in Nf-kB expression was observed on P15 only (<i>P</i><0.05,*), whereas the Hif1α and Sod1 expression was diminished on P15.</p