A Comparative Study of Markov Network Structure Learning Methods Over Data Streams

Abstract-Markov network is a widely used graphical representation of data in applications such as natural language and computational biology. This undirected graph consists of nodes and edges as attributes and its dependencies respectively. One major challenge in a learning task involving Markov network is to learn its structure, i.e. attribute dependencies, from data. This has been the subject of various studies in the recent past, which uses heuristics to estimate dependencies from data. In this paper, we highlight the challenges of Markov network structure learning, and review existing methods addressing these challenges. In particular, we study the scalability of these heuristics over streaming data where data instances are assumed to occur continuously. Furthermore, we propose a new heuristic based on clustering of features, consisting of attribute dependencies, that can seamlessly update the model structure as new data arrive in a stream. This clustering technique effectively reduces search space and uses fewer number of features to generate a single model. Weight learning and inference is performed at the end of each data chunk consisting of data instances arriving within a fixed time frame. We empirically evaluate the proposed heuristic by comparing the CMLL score, on various datasets (both streaming and non-streaming), with other state-of-the-art methods

HyperLoRA for PDEs

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to develop neural surrogates for solutions of Partial Differential Equations. A drawback of PINNs is that they have to be retrained with every change in initial-boundary conditions and PDE coefficients. The Hypernetwork, a model-based meta learning technique, takes in a parameterized task embedding as input and predicts the weights of PINN as output. Predicting weights of a neural network however, is a high-dimensional regression problem, and hypernetworks perform sub-optimally while predicting parameters for large base networks. To circumvent this issue, we use a low ranked adaptation (LoRA) formulation to decompose every layer of the base network into low-ranked tensors and use hypernetworks to predict the low-ranked tensors. Despite the reduced dimensionality of the resulting weight-regression problem, LoRA-based Hypernetworks violate the underlying physics of the given task. We demonstrate that the generalization capabilities of LoRA-based hypernetworks drastically improve when trained with an additional physics-informed loss component (HyperPINN) to satisfy the governing differential equations. We observe that LoRA-based HyperPINN training allows us to learn fast solutions for parameterized PDEs like Burger's equation and Navier Stokes: Kovasznay flow, while having an 8x reduction in prediction parameters on average without compromising on accuracy when compared to all other baselines.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 3 Table

Impact of an education program on parental knowledge of specific learning disability

<b>Background</b> :A supportive home environment is one of the factors that can favorably determine the outcome of specific learning disability (SpLD) in a school-going child. However, there is no reliable information available on parental knowledge about SpLD. <b>Aims :</b>To investigate parental knowledge of SpLD and to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on it. <b>Settings and Design : </b>Prospective questionnaire-based study conducted in our clinic. <b>Materials and Methods</b> : From April to November 2002, 50 parents who were conversant in English and willing to follow up were interviewed. After the interview, each parent was administered a structured educational program and re-interviewed after 3 months. <b>Statistical analysis :</b> The pre- and post-intervention responses were compared using Chi-square test. <b>Results :</b> After the intervention, there was significant improvement in parental knowledge of (i) the meaning of the term &#x2032;SpLD&#x2032; (32/50 vs. 50/50, P &lt; 0.0001), (ii) the fact that remedial education given by a special educator is the recommended therapy for SpLD (33/50 vs. 45/50, P = 0.004), (iii) the meaning of the term &#x2032;remedial education&#x2032; (24/50 vs. 46/50, P &lt; 0.0001), (iv) the frequency and duration of remedial education necessary to achieve academic competence (7/50 vs. 31/50, P &lt; 0.0001), (v) the meaning and purpose of provisions (28/50 vs. 49/50, P &lt; 0.0001) and (vi) the fact that SpLD is a lifelong disorder (11/50 vs. 22/50, P = 0.019). However, parental knowledge about the cause of SpLD did not improve (8/50 vs. 14/50, P = 0.147). <b>Conclusion</b> :Parental knowledge of their child&#x2032;s SpLD is inadequate and this can be significantly improved by a single-session educational program

Impact of an education program on parental knowledge of specific learning disability

Background :A supportive home environment is one of the factors that can favorably determine the outcome of specific learning disability (SpLD) in a school-going child. However, there is no reliable information available on parental knowledge about SpLD. Aims :To investigate parental knowledge of SpLD and to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on it. Settings and Design : Prospective questionnaire-based study conducted in our clinic. Materials and Methods : From April to November 2002, 50 parents who were conversant in English and willing to follow up were interviewed. After the interview, each parent was administered a structured educational program and re-interviewed after 3 months. Statistical analysis : The pre- and post-intervention responses were compared using Chi-square test. Results : After the intervention, there was significant improvement in parental knowledge of (i) the meaning of the term ′SpLD′ (32/50 vs. 50/50, P < 0.0001), (ii) the fact that remedial education given by a special educator is the recommended therapy for SpLD (33/50 vs. 45/50, P = 0.004), (iii) the meaning of the term ′remedial education′ (24/50 vs. 46/50, P < 0.0001), (iv) the frequency and duration of remedial education necessary to achieve academic competence (7/50 vs. 31/50, P < 0.0001), (v) the meaning and purpose of provisions (28/50 vs. 49/50, P < 0.0001) and (vi) the fact that SpLD is a lifelong disorder (11/50 vs. 22/50, P = 0.019). However, parental knowledge about the cause of SpLD did not improve (8/50 vs. 14/50, P = 0.147). Conclusion :Parental knowledge of their child′s SpLD is inadequate and this can be significantly improved by a single-session educational program

Prognostic clinical variables in childhood tuberculous meningitis: an experience from Mumbai, India

Background: In India, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is still a major cause of neurological disabilities and death. Aim: To identify the clinical variables which predict the outcome in childhood TBM. Setting: Tertiary teaching hospital. Design: Prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six clinical variables were analyzed in 123 consecutive children with TBM admitted between May 2000 and August 2003. The outcome was assessed in terms of survival or death. Survival meant that the patient was discharged from hospital having made a complete recovery, or with disability. Results: Twenty-five (20%) children recovered completely, 70 (57%) survived with disability, and 28 (23%) died. Employing univariate analysis nine variables correlated with survival with disability outcome: presence of tonic motor posturing, cranial nerve palsy, focal neurological deficit, hypertonia, moderate to severe hydrocephalus, cerebral infarction on cranial CT, and requiring shunt surgery, and absence of extracranial tuberculosis and no antituberculous-related hepatotoxicity; two variables correlated with fatal outcome: presence of deep coma (Glasgow coma scale score < 6), and absence of extrapyramidal movements. When logistic regression was applied only the presence of hypertonia ( P = 0.012, d.f. = 1, OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.62) correlated with survival with disability outcome, and presence of deep coma (P = 0.030, d.f. = 1, OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.90) with fatal outcome. Conclusion: In children with TBM, the presence of hypertonia at admission is an independent predictor of neurological sequelae in survivors, and deep coma is an independent predictor of mortality

A REVIEW ON DEVELOPMENT OF WALL CLIMBING ROBOT FOR CLEANING PURPOSE

This paper present a concept of climbing robot with the help of vaccum motor, inspired by treko- bot model and trek-o-bot vaccum motor method which help to climb the wall. For designing climbing robot conceptually based on an up-to-date literature review. The proposed method is illustrated with a case study of on-going research, the investigation of an adaptable and energetically autonomous climbing robot, in Loughborough University. With an external attachment given to the robot for the cleaning purpose

An evaluation of antigen capture assays for detecting active filarial antigens

Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease of tropical countries. This is a disfiguring and painful disease contracted in childhood, but the symptoms become apparent only in later years. Diagnosis of filarial infection is very crucial for the management of the disease. The main objective of this study was to develop a filarial antigen-based immunological assay for the diagnosis and surveillance of the disease. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were raised to the recombinant protein Brugia malayi vespid allergen homologue (VAH). Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardized utilizing various combinations of antibodies and evaluated with serum samples of endemic normal (EN, n = 110), microfilaraemic (MF, n = 65), chronic pathology (CP, n = 45) and non-endemic normal (NEN, n = 10) individuals. Of the 230 samples tested, VAHcapture assay detected circulating antigen in 97.91% of bancroftian and 100% of brugian microfilaraemic individuals, and 5% of endemic normal individuals, comparable to the earlier reported SXP-1 antigen detection assay. However, the combination of VAH and SXP-1 (VS) capture ELISA was found to be more robust, detecting 100% of microfilaraemic individuals and with higher binding values. Thus an antigen capture immunoassay has been developed, which can differentiate active infection from chronic infection by detecting circulating filarial antigens in clinical groups of endemic areas

Evaluation of immuno diagnostic assay for the exposure of stage specific filarial infection

Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating diseases caused by filarial parasitic nematodes. The infection may be acquired in childhood but the symptoms become apparent only in later life. To evaluate the success of any intervention, sensitive diagnostics were used to identify infection among endemic normals that are likely to develop microfilaremia in due course of time. Capture assay was standardized using the recombinant protein Brugia malayi Abundant Larval Transcript-2(ALT-2) specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and evaluated with serum samples of clinical groups from high and low filarial infection area individuals (HIA/LIA), Endemic Normal (EN, n = 478), microfilaeremics (MF, n = 77), chronic pathology (CP, n = 57) and non endemic normal (NEN, n = 20). In order to assess stage-specific infection, ALT-2 capture assay was compared with the early reported Venom allergen homologue (VAH) and microfilariae specific SXP-1 capture assays. Of the 632 serum samples tested, ALT-2 and VAH capture assays detected circulating filarial antigen (CFA) in 57% and 52% of HIA-EN individuals, respectively. As expected, the VAH and SXP-1 capture assays were positive for 100 % of MF individuals. The described capture assays can be useful for the detection of early and stage-specific filarial infections in endemic regions of developing countries

Evaluation of Brugia malayi sheath protein (Shp-1) as a diagnostic antigen for human lymphatic filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis is the second leading cause of permanent long-term disability globally and control of this disease needs efficient diagnostic methods. In this study, abundantly expressing microfilarial sheath protein (Shp-1) from Brugia malayi was characterized as a filarial diagnostic candidate using samples from different clinical population. Monoclonal antibodies were developed against E. coil expressed recombinant Shp-1 in order to assess its efficiency in filarial antigen detection assay system. Endemic Normal (EN, n = 170), asymptomatic microfilaeremics (MF, n = 65), symptomatic chronic pathology (CP, n = 45) and non endemic normal (NEN, n = 10) sera were analyzed by antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 290 individuals, all MF individuals (both brugian and bancroftian) were positive in this assay followed by CP and EN. When compared with SXP-1 and Og4C3 antigen assays, all assays detected Wb MF correctly, Bm MF was detected by Shp-1 and SXP-1 assays, and only Shp-1 was able to detect EN (12%) and CP (29%). Results showed that this assay may be useful for monitoring prior to mass drug administration. (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

A Review on Development of Wall Climbing Robot for Cleaning Purpose

This paper present a concept of climbing robot with the help of vaccum motor, inspired by treko- bot model and trek-o-bot vaccum motor method which help to climb the wall. For designing climbing robot conceptually based on an up-to-date literature review. The proposed method is illustrated with a case study of on-going research, the investigation of an adaptable and energetically autonomous climbing robot, in Loughborough University. With an external attachment given to the robot for the cleaning purpose