Research Insights About Risk Governance: Implications From a Review of ERM Research

In recent years, expectations for increased risk governance have been placed explicitly on boards of directors. In response, boards are being held responsible for not only understanding and approving management’s risk management processes, but they are also being held responsible for assessing the risks identified by those processes as part of overseeing management’s pursuit of value. These increasing responsibilities have led a number of organizations to adopt enterprise risk management (ERM) as a holistic approach to risk management that extends beyond traditional silo-based risk management techniques. As boards, often through their audit committee, consider management’s implementation of ERM as part of the board’s risk oversight, a number of questions emerge that can be informed by academic research related to ERM. This article summarizes findings from ERM research to provide insights related to the board’s risk governance responsibilities. We also identify a number of research questions that warrant further analysis by governance scholars. It is our hope that this article will spawn varying types of research about ERM and corporate governance

MOBILITY21: Strategic Investments for Transportation Infrastructure & Technology

America's transportation infrastructure is the backbone of our economy. A strong infrastructure means a strong America - an America that competes globally, supports local and regional economic development, and creates jobs. Strategic investments in our transportation infrastructure are vital to our national security, economic growth, transportation safety and our technology leadership. This document outlines critical needs for our transportation infrastructure, identifies new technology drivers and proposes strategic investments for safe and efficient air, ground, rail and marine mobility of people and goods.Comment: A Computing Community Consortium (CCC) white paper, 4 page

Shifting Risk and Benefit to Workers?: The Effects of Recession and Recovery on Independent Contractors in Trucking

This project will address key policy questions regarding independent contractors (ICs) in less-skilled occupations by assessing the effects of the recent recession and recovery on over-the-road (OTR) truckers. The goal is to understand: 1) the impacts of the recession on truckers in different employment arrangements; 2) how, if at all, ICs are able to take advantage of current favorable labor market conditions; 3) if the recession and recovery have affected how truckers view their choices in the labor market, particularly whether or not to become or remain an IC

Driverless? Autonomous Trucks and the Future of the American Trucker

Will autonomous trucks mean the end of the road for truck drivers? The $740-billion-a-year U.S. trucking industry is widely expected to be an early adopter of self-driving technology, with numerous tech companies and major truck makers racing to build autonomous trucks. This trend has led to dozens of reports and news articles suggesting that automation could effectively eliminate the truck-driving profession

Estudos dos efeitos de um anti-inflamatório não esteroidal seletivo para COX-2 na osteogênese e na expressão das proteínas COX-2 e RUNX-2 durante o reparo ósseo alveolar em ratos

Objetivo: No atual trabalho propomo-nos a avaliar morfometricamente possíveis alterações na reparação óssea alveolar pós-exodontia de ratos tratados com Meloxicam, um anti-inflamatório inibidor preferencial da cicloxigenase 2 (COX-2) e correlacionar com a expressão temporal da COX-2 e do fator de transcrição 2 com domínio Runt (Runx-2) associada com a diferenciação de células da linhagem osteoblástica. Material e Métodos: A exodontia do incisivo superior direito foi realizada em 120 ratos Wistar, divididos em grupo controle (n = 60) - animais tratados com injeção intraperitoneal de 0,1 ml de solução salina 0,9% diariamente e grupo tratado (n = 60) animais tratados com injeção de Meloxicam na dose de 3mg/kg de massa corporal, diariamente, ambos durante 7 dias. O volume total do alvéolo (VtA) e do tecido ósseo (VtO), o número de células imunomarcadas/mm² (Nm) para COX-2 e Runx-2 e a expressão protéica por Western blotting (WB) da COX-2 e RUNX-2 foram avaliados nos períodos 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 e 30 dias póscirurgias. Resultados: No grupo tratado o VtA manteve-se constante até os 21 dias, enquanto que no controle foi 0,272 vezes menor em relação aos 3 dias decorrente da maior atividade osteoclástica. Porém, aos 14 dias, no grupo tratado o VtO foi 0,337 vezes menor em relação ao controle decorrente da inibição parcial da transmigração de células inflamatórias responsáveis pela degradação do coágulo e da angiogênese, ocasionando um retardo na formação dos tecidos de granulação/conjuntivo, na diferenciação das células osteoblásticas e na formação/remodelação do tecido ósseo, e consequentemente no reparo ósseo alveolar. A imunomarcação para COX-2 foi observada em diversos tipos celulares, como fibroblastos, células endoteliais, células inflamatórias, osteoblastos e osteócitos. O Nm para COX-2 não apresentou diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os grupos no intervalo de 3 e 21 dias pós-cirurgia, enquanto que, a expressão protéica pelo WB foi em média 0,232 vezes menor no grupo tratado em relação ao controle. Por outro lado, a imunomarcação para Runx-2 foi mais expressiva em osteoblastos e osteócitos e raramente em fibroblastos. O Nm para Runx-2 no grupo tratado durante todo período experimental foi em média 0,256 vezes menor em relação ao controle, sendo o mesmo observado para a expressão protéica pelo WB. Conclusão: Dentro dos limites da atual pesquisa, a aplicação do Meloxicam por um curto período de tempo atrasa temporariamente o processo inicial de reparo ósseo alveolar diminuindo a expressão das proteínas COX-2 e RUNX-2.Objective: To evaluate morphometrically possible changes in post-extraction alveolar bone healing in rats treated with Meloxicam, a selective anti-inflammatory inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and to correlate it with the temporal expression of COX-2 and transcription factor 2 with Runt domain (Runx-2) associated with differentiation of osteoblastic lineage cells. Material and Methods: The extraction of the right upper incisor was made in 120 male Wistar rats, divided into control group (n=60) - animals treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 0,1 ml of 0,9% NaCl solution daily for 7 days and the treated group (n=60) - animals treated with injection of 3mg/kg of body weight of Meloxicam 0.9% NaCl solution daily for 7 days. The total alveolar volume (VtA), total bone tissue volume (VtO), number of immunohistochemically positive cells/mm² (Nm) for COX-2 and RUNX-2 and the Western blotting (WB) COX-2 and RUNX-2 protein expressions were evaluated after 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days after the surgeries. Results: In the treated group the VtA remained constant until the 21st day, while in the control group at the same day the value was 0,272 times lower compared to the 3 days period, due to the higher osteoclastic activity. However, at 14 days the VtO was 0,337 times lower in the treated group compared to the control due to the partial inhibition of the transmigration of inflammatory cells responsible for the degradation of the clot and angiogenesis, causing a delay in the formation of granulation/connective tissues, differentiation of osteoblastic cells and in bone tissue formation/remodeling, and consequently in the alveolar bone repair. The immunostaining for COX-2 was observed in various cell types, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, osteoblasts and osteocytes. The Nm for COX-2 showed no statistical differences between groups from the 3rd to the 21st day, while the WB protein expression was on average 0,232 times lower in the treated group compared to the control. On the other hand, the immunostaining for Runx-2 was more expressive in osteoblasts and osteocytes and rarely in fibroblasts. The Nm for Runx-2 on the treated group was, during the whole experimental period, on average 0,256 times smaller than in the control. The same difference was observed in the protein expression by WB. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, its was concluded that the application of Meloxicam daily for 7 days causes a temporary delay in the alveolar bone repair decreasing the expression of proteins COX-2 and RUNX-2

Ensuring the Supply of Agricultural Truck Drivers: What the State of California Can Do

This report is the first in-depth look at the labor market for agricultural truck drivers in California and the first study of this workforce anywhere in the U.S. in almost 30 years. It found that better efforts in recruiting and training drivers would ease turnover and improve job satisfaction, particularly for agricultural trucking, which is critical to California’s economy but can often be seasonal or require specialized equipment