The environmental weed risk of revegetation and forestry plants

Concerns have been raised about the environmental weed risk of non-indigenous plants promoted for broad scale revegetation and farm forestry purposes in South Australia (SA). Environmental weeds are plant species that invade and dominate natural habitats beyond the species' native range. The wide scale planting of species for revegetation, forestry, agriculture and horticulture increases the likelihood that some species will naturalise (i.e., form a self-sustaining population) and invade native vegetation or other landuse systems. However, analyses of past invasions have shown that the majority of plant species introductions will be of negligible weed risk. In 2001 the PIRSA Revegetation Program and the State Revegetation Committee of South Australia commissioned the Animal and Plant Control Commission (APCC) to undertake a weed risk assessment of 20 plant species. Weed risk assessment is the use of standard, technical criteria to determine the relative weed threats posed by plant species ...repor

A Review of Trends in the Scope of International Scholarship in Middle Level Education, 1989–2019

Middle level education as a field of study has expanded during the last thirty years to include a growing, international knowledge base. The primary purpose of this review essay is to highlight trends in the extent to which refereed scholarship in the field of middle level education has reflected international content and perspectives during the last thirty years. To accomplish this task, the authors conducted a chronological review of the major refereed publications of the Association for Middle Level Education, Adolescent Success, and the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Middle Level Education Research (MLER) SIG as well as Middle Grades Research Journal and Middle Grades Review. The authors also examined AERA conference programs between 2010 and 2019 for international content and perspectives in MLER SIG sessions. While the authors’ primary aim was to understand trends in the geographic scope of scholarship in the field, they also gleaned tentative insights about research approaches, theoretical frameworks, and editorial bias that informed a set of recommendations they offered to advance future international work in middle level education. The recommendations include (a) expanding and strengthening worldwide networks of middle grades scholars; (b) building consensus around a middle grades research agenda that has an international dimension; and (c) promoting and engaging in more international scholarship that is theory-driven; uses rigorous, appropriate comparative methodologies; and draws on perspectives from cultures and countries not well represented in the literature

An International Study of Programs That Prepare Teachers of Young Adolescents

This article highlights an upcoming multi-phase, international comparative research study on higher education institution-based programs that prepare teachers of young adolescents. The purpose of this investigation is multifaceted. The investigators aim to (a) document the programmatic and pedagogical features of higher education institution-based programs that prepare teachers of young adolescents in diverse national, regional, cultural, and institutional contexts; (b) identify and describe relationships between higher education institution-based programs that prepare teachers of young adolescents and the socio-cultural, historical, and institutional contexts in which they are embedded; (c) identify and describe patterns of philosophy, programming, and practice evident across higher education institution-based programs that prepare teachers of young adolescents; (d) assess the extent to which higher education institution-based programs that prepare teachers of young adolescents operating in diverse contexts are aligned with the AMLE’s Middle Level Teacher Preparation Standards, and (e) investigate relationships among higher education institution-based programs’ design elements, contexts, implementation processes, and outcomes that prepare teachers of young adolescents

Gen. Kearney\u27s Charge at the Battle of Chantilly, VA.

The black and white engraving features a scene from the Battle of Chantilly, where General Philip Kearny was killed in action. The image depicts Kearny on horseback as Union troops and an American flag follow him into battle. Confederate soldiers stand at his front with their guns pointed. The engraving appears to have been removed from a bound volume as evidenced by the binding holes at the engraving\u27s top edge.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-prints/1104/thumbnail.jp

Battle of Lookout Mountain, GA.

In the black and white steel engraving, a scene from the Battle of Lookout Mountain is depicted. This battle took place on November 24th, 1863 and resulted in a Union victory. The engraving features Union soldiers climbing a mountain slope. One has fallen to the ground, possibly because he is wounded. In the background, battle lines and smoke are pictured. The engraving appears to have been removed from a bound volume, possibly volume 3 of The War with the South: a History of the Late Rebellion by Robert Tomes, Benjamin G. Smith, New York, Virtue & Yorston, 3 volumes, 1862-1867.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-prints/1118/thumbnail.jp

Battle Near Mill Springs, KY. Death of Gen. Zollicoffer

The black and white engraving features a scene from the Battle of Mill Springs, where Confederate general, Felix Kirk Zollicoffer, was killed in action. The engraving depicts Zollicoffer on horseback as a Union soldier shoots him in the chest.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/1175/thumbnail.jp

Battle Near Mill Springs, KY. Death of Gen. Zollicoffer

The black and white engraving features a scene from the Battle of Mill Springs, where Confederate general, Felix Kirk Zollicoffer, was killed in action. The engraving depicts Zollicoffer on horseback as a Union soldier shoots him in the chest.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-prints/1098/thumbnail.jp

No metabolic effects of mustard allyl-isothiocyanate compared with placebo in men.

Background: Induction of nonshivering thermogenesis can be used to influence energy balance to prevent or even treat obesity. The pungent component of mustard, allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC), activates the extreme cold receptor transient receptor potential channel, subfamily A, member 1 and may thus induce energy expenditure and metabolic changes.Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the potential of mustard AITC to induce thermogenesis (primary outcome) and alter body temperature, cold and hunger sensations, plasma metabolic parameters, and energy intake (secondary outcomes).Design: Energy expenditure in mice was measured after subcutaneous injection with vehicle, 1 mg norepinephrine/kg, or 5 mg AITC/kg. In our human crossover study, 11 healthy subjects were studied under temperature-controlled conditions after an overnight fast. After ingestion of 10 g of capsulated mustard or uncapsulated mustard or a capsulated placebo mixture, measurements of energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, core temperature, cold and hunger scores, and plasma parameters were repeated every 30 min during a 150-min period. Subjects were randomly selected for the placebo and capsulated mustard intervention; 9 of 11 subjects received the uncapsulated mustard as the final intervention because this could not be blinded. After the experiments, energy intake was measured with the universal eating monitor in a test meal.Results: In mice, AITC administration induced a 32% increase in energy expenditure compared with vehicle (17.5 ± 4.9 J · min-1 · mouse-1 compared with 12.5 ± 1.2 J · min-1 · mouse-1, P = 0.03). Of the 11 randomly selected participants, 1 was excluded because of intercurrent illness after the first visit and 1 withdrew after the second visit. Energy expenditure did not increase after ingestion of capsulated or uncapsulated mustard compared with placebo. No differences in substrate oxidation, core temperature, cold and hunger scores, or plasma parameters were found, nor was the energy intake at the end of the experiment different between the 3 conditions.Conclusion: The highest tolerable dose of mustard we were able to use did not elicit a relevant thermogenic response in humans. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN19147515

Observation of single collisionally cooled trapped ions in a buffer gas

Individual Ba ions are trapped in a gas-filled linear ion trap and observed with a high signal-to-noise ratio by resonance fluorescence. Single-ion storage times of ~5 min (~1 min) are achieved using He (Ar) as a buffer gas at pressures in the range 8e-5 - 4e-3 torr. Trap dynamics in buffer gases are experimentally studied in the simple case of single ions. In particular, the cooling effects of light gases such as He and Ar and the destabilizing properties of heavier gases such as Xe are studied. A simple model is offered to explain the observed phenomenology.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A. Minor text and figure change