Cytomegalovirus infection of human kidney cells in vitro

Cytomegalovirus infection of human kidney cells in vitro. To study which structures of a kidney allograft are the main targets for cytomegalovirus (CMV), human glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells, as well as tubular epithelial and endothelial cells were isolated by steel meshes of different pore sizes and enzymatic treatments. The various cultured cell types were characterized by morphology and specific antibodies. Human CMV was inoculated onto cell monolayers using two different culture methods: conventional tissue culture and rapid shell vial culture. To analyze whether CMV had a direct effect on the immunologic properties of kidney parenchymal cells, MHC class I and class II antigen expression was estimated before and after the infection. CMV infected all kidney cells identically. All cells expressed class I strongly after the infection, but they were class I positive prior to infection. Class II antigens were not expressed on the cell surface either before or after the infection. In conclusion, human kidney cells of glomerular, tubular and vascular origin were all infected by CMV without any difference. CMV had no significant direct effects on the antigenic properties of the cells

Association between subchondral bone structure and osteoarthritis histopathological grade

Abstract Despite increasing evidence that subchondral bone contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, little is known about local changes in bone structure compared to cartilage degeneration. This study linked structural adaptation of subchondral bone with histological OA grade. Twenty-five osteochondral samples of macroscopically different degeneration were prepared from tibiae of 14 patients. Samples were scanned with micro-computed tomography (μCT) and both conventional structural parameters and novel 3D parameters based on local patterns were analyzed from the subchondral plate and trabecular bone. Subsequently, samples were processed for histology and evaluated for OARSI grade. Each bone parameter and OARSI grade was compared to assess structural adaptation of bone with OA severity. In addition, thicknesses of cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral plate were analyzed from histological sections and compared with subchondral bone plate thickness from μCT. With increasing OARSI grade, the subchondral plate became thicker along with decreased specific bone surface, while there was no change in tissue mineral density. Histological analysis showed that subchondral plate thickness from μCT also includes calcified cartilage. Entropy of local patterns increased with OA severity, reflecting higher tissue heterogeneity. In the trabecular compartment, bone volume fraction and both trabecular thickness and number increased with OARSI grade while trabecular separation and structure model index decreased. Also, elevation of local patterns became longitudinal in the subchondral plate and axial transverse in trabecular bone with increasing OARSI grade. This study demonstrates the possibility of radiological assessment of OA severity by structural analysis of bone