Influence des émotions sur les prises de décisions complexes (rôle de l'évaluation cognitive de certitude ?)

@A partir d'une approche cognitive et fonctionnelle des émotions, le modèle des tendances à l'évaluation (ATF, Lerner & Keltner, 2000) permet la formulation de prédictions concernant l'influence des émotions spécifiques sur les prises de décisons. Il propose que le rôle des émotions incidentes, indépendamment de leur valence, est d'initier le type de traitement de l'information mis en oeuvre pour faire face à la situation en cours, par le biais d'un report sur la situation des évaluations cognitives associées de ceritude-incertitude. Appliqué jusqu'à présent à des tâches de prises de décisions limitées dans le temps, l'objectif est ici d'étendre les prédictions de ce modèle à des tâches qui impliquent une dynamique temporelle, afin de mettre en évidence le rôle médiateur de la dimension de certitude-incertitude de l'influence des émotions spécifiques incidentes sur les prises de décisions. Dans le cadre de tâches complexes comprenant des séries de prises de décisions où les probabilités des conséquences de chacunes d'elles étaient inconnues (Iowa Gambling Task, Bechara et al. 1994) ou connues (Game of Dice Task, Brand et al. 2005), les travaux montrent l'évaluation de certitude associée aux émotions incidentes conduit à un traitement heuristique permettant une meilleures prise en compte des indices émotionnels en mémoire de travail que l'évaluation d'incertitude, induisant un traitement systématique. Ces résultats permettent de discuter l'importance de considérer les émotions selon une approche multidimensionnelle et mettent en évidence la nécessité de distinguer les processus cognitifs temporellement bornés de ceux qui impliquent une étendue temporelle plus importante, lorsqu'il s'agit d'étudier l'influence des émotions incidentes.@According to the cognitive and functional approach of emotions, the Appraisal Tendency Framework (Lerner & Keltner, 2000, 2001) hypothesizes specific emotions associated with appraisals can affect the kind of information processing of the situation. It results in different judgements and decision-making. It seems necessary to extend predictions of this model in more complex situations than independent judgements, preferences or assessments. In eveyday life, individuals can make decisions they have already made. They have then to process the outcomes of their first decision-probabilities of each outcomes are known (lowa Gambling Task, Bechara et al., 1994) or unknown (Game of Dice Task, Brand et al., 2005). Decisions patterns may be particularly dependent on the certainty-uncertainty appraisal associated with incidental emotions, regardless of its valence dimension. As expected, results shows that when people felt emotions that were accompanied by certainty appraisals, they were more likely to make advantageous uncertainty appraisals (involving a systematic processing). Moreover, the influence if incidental emotions on decisions patterns is mediated by the high versus low certainty. In conclusion, uncertainty-certainty appraisal associated with emotions seems to explain more variance than the historically dominant theory of valence. This research underlines also the importance to study the impact of emotions in complex situations of decision making.CHAMBERY-BU Jacob (731372101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Can the uncertainty appraisal associated with emotion cancel the effect of the hunch period in the Iowa Gambling Task?

International audienceResearch has given little attention to the influence of incidental emotions on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in which processing of the emotional cues associated with each decision is necessary to make advantageous decisions. Drawing on cognitive theories of emotions, we tested whether uncertainty-associated emotion can cancel the positive effect of the hunch period, by preventing participants from developing a tendency towards advantageous decisions. Our explanation is that uncertainty appraisals initiate deliberative processing that is irrelevant to process emotional cues, contrary to intuitive processing (Kahneman, 2003; Tiedens & Linton, 2001). As expected, uncertainty-associated emotion cancelled the positive effect of the hunch period in the IGT compared to certainty-associated emotion: disgusted participants (certainty-associated emotion) and sad participants induced to feel certainty developed a stronger tendency towards advantageous decisions than sad participants induced to feel uncertainty. We discuss the importance of the core components that trigger incidental emotions to predict decision making

Quels leviers psychosociaux pour faciliter l'intention d'aide aux victimes de harcèlement scolaire ? Application de la théorie du comportement planifié chez les témoins actifs et passifs

National audienc

Fostering victim-defending behaviors among school bullying witnesses: A longitudinal and experimental test of two new strategies for changing behavior

International audienceIn school bullying, witnesses play a fundamental role because their defensive reactions can stop bullying situations. However, a great majority of witnesses remain passive despite their prodefense personal beliefs. To address this gap between witnesses' beliefs and behaviors, we developed and tested two social psychology strategies, namely, the induced hypocrisy and implementation intention. In an experimental and longitudinal study (N = 101), we randomly divided 7 th-and 8 th-grade students into three conditions, namely, control, induced hypocrisy, or implementation intention. Linear mixed models showed that the two strategies immediately increased planned defending behaviors as well as self-reported defending behaviors at three months but with a stronger effect at three months for the induced hypocrisy strategy. These new prevention avenues for practitioners are discussed according to current approaches

Incidental emotions associated with uncertainty appraisals impair decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task

International audienceWith the Appraisal Tendency Framework, it has been established that (un)certainty appraisals associated with incidental emotions trigger the kind of information processing to cope with situation. We tested the impact of (un)certainty-associated emotions on a sequential task, the Iowa Gambling Task. In this task, intuitive processing is necessary to lead participants to rely on emotional cues arising from previous decisions and to making advantageous decisions. We predicted that certainty-associated emotions would engage participants in intuitive processing, whereas uncertainty-associated emotions would engage them in deliberative processing and lead them to make disadvantageous decisions. As expected, we observed in two distinct experiments, that participants induced to feel uncertainty (fear, sadness) were found to decide less advantageously than participants induced to feel certainty (anger, happiness, disgust)

Unmasking School Bullying Witnesses: Five Different Psychological Profiles related to Intention to Defend Victims

International audienceWhereas defending victims can put an end to school bullying incidents, few witnesses engage in such behavior. This study aimed to explore the intention to defend victims among distinct witness profiles based on behavioral and psychological characteristics. Within the framework of the theory of planned behavior, we measured intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control to defend victims, and past reactions to bullying among 276 middle school students (55.1% male, Mage = 13.1, SD = 1.22) who had witnessed bullying. A cluster analysis identified five witness clusters. Although "prodefense," "antidefense" and "probullying" witnesses are characterized by a coherent behavioral-psychological profile in favor of or against victim support, "conflicting beliefs' witnesses" and "inconsistent witnesses" interestingly showed a beliefs conflict or psychological-behavioral gap that has never been identified before. Beyond elucidating witness characteristics, this study offers new prevention avenues adapted to each profile's deficits. Impact Statement Profiling school bullying witnesses based on their psychological characteristics, beyond their mere behavioral reactions, better accounts for the diversity of witness profiles. The "outsiders" identified in the literature are not a unitary group but can be distinguished according to three distinct psychological profiles, two of which reveal certain psychological and behavioral incoherencies. Finally, combined with a stronger or weaker intention to defend victims, the identified psychological-behavioral profiles of witnesses make it possible to consider avenues of prevention adapted to each profile's deficits

The impacts of legitimacy appraisal of defeat on supporters’ identity management strategies: Testing the role of emotions

International audienceEmotion is a central feature of many competitive sports. In this regard, re- search revealed that defeats have powerful impacts on athletes who can feel deep- ly distressed or annoyed. Comparatively, relatively few studies have directly ad- dressed the emotional experience of supporters associated with losing teams. This is surprising when taking into account the negative consequences of emotions on intergroup relations (i.e., fans riots). To fill this gap, it is crucial to identify to whom these emotions are addressed. In this study, we proposed that the ob- ject of specific emotions would trigger the use of specific identity management strategies depending on the legitimacy appraisal of the defeat. To test this medi- ational process, supporters of the French national rugby team were asked to read sport news articles (fictional) where the (il)legitimacy of defeats outcomes had been manipulated. The results generally supported our predictions: Anger and respect, when exclusively directed at outgroup, mediated the link between legiti- macy and antisocial tendencies. Conversely, pride when exclusively directed at in- group mediated the link between legitimacy and status display tendencies. Shame did not predict any strategy. We discussed the importance of the athletes as role models to regulate supporters’ emotions and their impact on intergroup relations

The impacts of legitimacy appraisal of defeat on supporters’ identity management strategies: Testing the role of emotions

International audienceEmotion is a central feature of many competitive sports. In this regard, re- search revealed that defeats have powerful impacts on athletes who can feel deep- ly distressed or annoyed. Comparatively, relatively few studies have directly ad- dressed the emotional experience of supporters associated with losing teams. This is surprising when taking into account the negative consequences of emotions on intergroup relations (i.e., fans riots). To fill this gap, it is crucial to identify to whom these emotions are addressed. In this study, we proposed that the ob- ject of specific emotions would trigger the use of specific identity management strategies depending on the legitimacy appraisal of the defeat. To test this medi- ational process, supporters of the French national rugby team were asked to read sport news articles (fictional) where the (il)legitimacy of defeats outcomes had been manipulated. The results generally supported our predictions: Anger and respect, when exclusively directed at outgroup, mediated the link between legiti- macy and antisocial tendencies. Conversely, pride when exclusively directed at in- group mediated the link between legitimacy and status display tendencies. Shame did not predict any strategy. We discussed the importance of the athletes as role models to regulate supporters’ emotions and their impact on intergroup relations

The impacts of legitimacy appraisal of defeat on supporters’ identity management strategies: Testing the role of emotions

International audienceEmotion is a central feature of many competitive sports. In this regard, re- search revealed that defeats have powerful impacts on athletes who can feel deep- ly distressed or annoyed. Comparatively, relatively few studies have directly ad- dressed the emotional experience of supporters associated with losing teams. This is surprising when taking into account the negative consequences of emotions on intergroup relations (i.e., fans riots). To fill this gap, it is crucial to identify to whom these emotions are addressed. In this study, we proposed that the ob- ject of specific emotions would trigger the use of specific identity management strategies depending on the legitimacy appraisal of the defeat. To test this medi- ational process, supporters of the French national rugby team were asked to read sport news articles (fictional) where the (il)legitimacy of defeats outcomes had been manipulated. The results generally supported our predictions: Anger and respect, when exclusively directed at outgroup, mediated the link between legiti- macy and antisocial tendencies. Conversely, pride when exclusively directed at in- group mediated the link between legitimacy and status display tendencies. Shame did not predict any strategy. We discussed the importance of the athletes as role models to regulate supporters’ emotions and their impact on intergroup relations