99 research outputs found
Italian and North American dietary intake after ivacaftor treatment for Cystic Fibrosis Gating Mutations
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Bone Health in a Nonjaundiced Population of Children with Biliary Atresia
Objectives. To assess bone health in a cohort of nonjaundiced children with biliary atresia (BA) and the effect of growth and development on bone outcomes.
Methods. Children ages one to eighteen years receiving care from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were recruited. Each child was seen once and assessed for growth, pubertal development, concurrent medications, bilirubin, ALT, albumin, vitamin D status, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine and whole body. Results. BMD declined significantly with age, and upon further analysis with a well-phenotyped control cohort, it was found that BMC was significantly decreased for both lumbar spine and whole body, even after adjustment for confounding variables. An age interaction was identified, with older subjects having a significantly greater impairment in BMC. Conclusions. These preliminary results demonstrate that children with BA, including those without jaundice, are likely to have compromised bone health even when accounting for height and puberty, which are common confounding factors in chronic disease. Further investigation is needed to identify the determinants of poor bone mineral status and to develop strategies to prevent osteoporosis later in life
Genetic factors are important determinants of impaired growth after infant cardiac surgery
ObjectivesWe sought to estimate the prevalence and identify the predictors of impaired growth after infant cardiac surgery.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of a prospective study of the role of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms on neurodevelopment in young children after infant cardiac surgery. Prevalence estimates for growth velocity were derived by using anthropometric measures (weight and head circumference) obtained at birth and at 4 years of age. Genetic evaluation was also performed. Growth measure z scores were calculated by using World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. Growth velocity was evaluated by using 2 different techniques: first by clustering the children into one of 3 growth velocity subgroups based on z scores (impaired growth, difference < −0.5 standard deviation; stable growth, difference of −0.5 to 0.5 standard deviation; and improving growth, difference > 0.5 SD) and second by using continuous difference scores. Statistical analyses were conducted with a combination of proportional odds models for the ordered categories and simple linear regression for the continuous outcomes.ResultsThree hundred nineteen full-term subjects had complete anthropometric measures for weight and head circumference at birth and 4 years. The cohort was 56% male. Genetic examinations were available for 97% (309/319) of the cohort (normal, 74%; definite or suspected genetic abnormality, 26%). Frequency counts for weight categories were as follows: impaired growth, 37%; stable growth, 31%; and improving growth, 32%. Frequency counts for head circumference categories were as follows: impaired growth, 39%; stable growth, 28%; and improving growth, 33%. The presence of a definite or suspected genetic syndrome (P = .04) was found to be a predictor of impaired growth for weight but not for head circumference. When growth z scores were used as continuous outcomes, the apolipoprotein E ε2 allele was found to be predictive of lower z scores for both weight (P = .02) and head circumference (P = .03).ConclusionsImpaired growth for both weight and head circumference is common (both >30%) in this cohort of children after infant cardiac surgery. Both the apolipoprotein E ε2 allele and the presence of a definite or suspected genetic syndrome were associated with impaired weight growth velocity. The apolipoprotein E ε2 allele was also associated with impaired growth velocity for head circumference. Persistent poor growth might have long-term implications for the health and development of children with congenital heart defects
The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.2
Dedication, page 1
Personality and Popularity, page 2
Herbs – the Secret of Foreign Contries, page 3
Dear Sis, page 4
Home Economics Women Take the Air, page 5
Sally’s Predictions, page 6
Iowa State’s Honoraries, page 8
The Carillon, page 9
What’s New in Home Economics, page 10
Moderns Emphasize Health, page 12
A Book Lover’s Boon, page 13
Behind Bright Jackets, page 14
Alums in the News, page 15
Dreams of a Dorm Room, page 16
A Worthy Phi U Project, page 18
From Journalistic Spindles, page 19
Biography of a Home Economist, page 2
The Iowa Homemaker vol.18, no.8
Follow the Leaders by Marian Weinel, page 1
Calling on a Kitchen by Lydia Cooley, page 2
We’re Throwing Bouquets by Alvina Iverson, page 3
Home Economics on the Air by Jane Stallings, page 4
Food for Thought by Ruth Dahlberg, page 5
Style for Everybody by Katherine Dodds, page 6
Making Friends Under Ten by Virginia Schweiker, page 7
What’s New in Home Economics edited by Marjorie Pettinger, page 8
Up-to-Date Dates by Betty Davis, page 10
School Marm for Six Weeks by Ruth Howie, page 11
Give Your Wardrobe Nine Lives by Ethel Overholt, page 12
Spreads Via Ingenuity by Marian Gutz, page 13
Behind Bright Jackets edited by Winnifred Cannon, page 14
Textile Wise? By Betty Feyder, page 14
Alums in the News by Grace Strohmeier, page 15
Tables Don Fine Feathers by Margaret Thomas, page 16
Keeping Posted by the editor, page 1
Caloric compensation and eating in the absence of hunger in 5- to 12-y-old weight-discordant siblings
Background: An impaired ability to compensate for calories and increased eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been associated with increased energy intake and weight gain in unrelated children
Revised Pediatric Reference Data for the Lateral Distal Femur Measured by Hologic Discovery/Delphi Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
BackgroundLateral distal femur (LDF) scans by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are often feasible in children for whom other sites are not measurable. Pediatric reference data for LDF are not available for more recent DXA technology.AimsTo assess older pediatric LDF reference data, construct new reference curves for LDF bone mineral density (BMD), and demonstrate the comparability of LDF BMD to other measures of BMD and strength assessed by DXA and by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT).MethodsLDF, spine and whole body scans of 821 healthy children, 5 to 18 years of age, recruited at a single center were obtained using a Hologic Delphi/Discovery system. Tibia trabecular and total BMD (3% site), cortical geometry (38% site) (cortical thickness, section modulus, strain strength index) were assessed by pQCT. Sex and race-specific reference curves were generated using LMS-ChartMaker and Z-scores calculated and compared by correlation analysis.ResultsZ-scores for LDF BMD based on published findings demonstrated overestimation or underestimation of the prevalence of low BMD-for-age depending on the region of interest considered. Revised LDF reference curves were generated. The new LDF Z-scores were strongly and significantly associated with weight, BMI, spine and whole body BMD Z-scores, and all pQCT Z-scores.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the comparability of LDF measurements to other clinical and research bone density assessment modes, and enable assessment of BMD in children with disabilities, who are particularly prone to low trauma fractures of long bones, and for whom traditional DXA measurement sites are not feasible
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
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