Naturally occurring resistance variants to hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitors in treatment-naïve patients infected with genotype 1b

Catedra de Medicină Internă nr. 4, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie “Nicolae Testemiţanu”ARN polimeraza ARN dependentă a virusului hepatitei C, NS5B, este esenţială pentru replicarea ARN-lui viral şi de aceea constituie o ţintă terapeutică atractivă. Mai mulţi analogi nucleosidici, inhibitori nonnucleozidici şi analogi de ciclosporină au fost dezvoltaţi pentru a inhiba activitatea NS5B. Totuşi, modificările de nucleotide în gena NS5B pot conferi rezistenţă la aceste antipolimeraze. Metode: S-a investigat prevalenţa substituţiilor cunoscute ce conferă rezistenţă în polimeraza NS5B la 46 pacienţi cu hepatită cronică virală C de genotipul 1b, naivi de tratament antiviral prin secvenţierea genei NS5B. Rezultate: Nici una din cele 46 secvenţe analizate nu conţine substituţii de rezistenţă la analogii nucleozidici. Totuşi, substituţiile ce conferă rezistenţă la analogii nonnucleozidici au fost comune în tulpinile examinate. Similar, substituţiile ce conferă rezistenţă la analogii de ciclosporină sunt de asemenea frecvente. Concluzii: Prevalenţa naturală a substituţiilor ce conferă rezistenţă la inhibitorii NS5B este comună la pacienţii infectaţi cu genotipul 1b VHC. Influenţa acestora asupra răspunsului la tratament este necesar de a fi evaluată.Background: The hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B, is essential for virus RNA replication, thus represents an attractive therapeutic target. Several nucleoside analogues, non-nucleoside inhibitors and cyclosporine analogues are being developed to inhibit NS5B activity. However, nucleotide changes in NS5B gene can confer resistance to these anti polymerases. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of known substitutions conferring resistance in HCV polymerase in 46 treatment-naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1b by sequencing of NS5B gene. Results: None of 46 HCV NS5B sequences analyzed contained substitutions conferring resistance to nucleoside analogues. However, the substitutions which confer resistance to non-nucleoside inhibitors were common in examined strains. Similarly, the substitutions conferring resistance to cyclosporine analogues were frequent. Conclusions: Naturally occurring substitutions conferring resistance to NS5B inhibitors are common in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b. Their influence on treatment outcome should be assessed

Employment rate prognosis on the basis of the development environment trend displayed by years-clusters

The authors analyze the dynamics of the employment rate in Romania and propose a forecast model for it. In the paper we start with the hypothesis that the dynamics of the employment rate has a specific trend displayed by years-clusters differentiated on the value and the sign of the dynamics indexes of the phenomena by which we define the economic environment. The forecast method that we propose takes into consideration the environment conditions in which the studied phenomenon evolves and it implies the use of statistical methods of multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis). The application of such a forecast method supposes an algorithm that implies several stages: (1) the evaluation and synthesis of the inter-relations among the phenomena by which we describe the development environment employment rate dynamics; (2) the identification of the years-cluster to which the desired forecast horizon is classified; (3) the estimation of the employment rate dynamics for the specified forecast horizon. The proposed forecast model, examining the development environment of the influence factors, may be used for simulating forecast alternatives that can be considered for founding the economic development strategies.employment rate, transition, Romania, influence factors, principal component analysis, discriminant analysis

Employment rate prognosis on the basis of the development environment trend displayed by years-clusters

The authors analyze the dynamics of the employment rate in Romania and propose a forecast model for it. In the paper we start with the hypothesis that the dynamics of the employment rate has a specific trend displayed by years-clusters differentiated on the value and the sign of the dynamics indexes of the phenomena by which we define the economic environment. The forecast method that we propose takes into consideration the environment conditions in which the studied phenomenon evolves and it implies the use of statistical methods of multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis). The application of such a forecast method supposes an algorithm that implies several stages: (1) the evaluation and synthesis of the inter-relations among the phenomena by which we describe the development environment employment rate dynamics; (2) the identification of the years-cluster to which the desired forecast horizon is classified; (3) the estimation of the employment rate dynamics for the specified forecast horizon. The proposed forecast model, examining the development environment of the influence factors, may be used for simulating forecast alternatives that can be considered for founding the economic development strategies

Employment rate prognosis on the basis of the development environment trend displayed by years-clusters

The authors analyze the dynamics of the employment rate in Romania and propose a forecast model for it. In the paper we start with the hypothesis that the dynamics of the employment rate has a specific trend displayed by years-clusters differentiated on the value and the sign of the dynamics indexes of the phenomena by which we define the economic environment. The forecast method that we propose takes into consideration the environment conditions in which the studied phenomenon evolves and it implies the use of statistical methods of multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis). The application of such a forecast method supposes an algorithm that implies several stages: (1) the evaluation and synthesis of the inter-relations among the phenomena by which we describe the development environment employment rate dynamics; (2) the identification of the years-cluster to which the desired forecast horizon is classified; (3) the estimation of the employment rate dynamics for the specified forecast horizon. The proposed forecast model, examining the development environment of the influence factors, may be used for simulating forecast alternatives that can be considered for founding the economic development strategies

Анализ летальности в отделении внутренних болезней № 1 за период 2006-2015 годов

IP USMF Nicolae Testemiţanu, IMSP SCM Sfânta Treime, Conferinţa consacrată aniversării celor 40 de ani de la fondarea SCM Sfânta Treime 17 iunie 2016 Chișinău, Republica MoldovaThe article represents the analysis of letality of the Department of internal diseases no. 1 of PMSI Municipal Clinical Hospital „Sfanta Treime” during the decade of 2006-2015. Thus, elevations of letality every five years coinciding with the epidemics of flu were observed. The percentage of patients over 60 years remains constantly predominant. The first three places in the letality structure are occupied by respiratory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases.В данной статье представлен анализ летальности в отделении внутренних болезней № 1 ПМСУ ГКБ „Сфынта Треиме” за период 2006-2015 годов. Таким образом, отмечено появление пиков летальности каждые 5 лет, совпадающие с эпидемиями гриппа. Доля больных в возрасте свыше 60 лет постоянно превалирует среди других возрастных групп. Первые три места в структуре летальности отводятся респираторным, сердечнососудистым и онкологическим заболеваниям

Сравнительное исследование заболеваемости в отделение терапии № 1 на протяжении десяти лет

IP USMF NicolaeTestemiţanu, IMSP SCM SfântaTreime, Conferinţa consacrată aniversării celor 40 de ani de la fondarea SCM Sfânta Treime 17 iunie 2016 Chișinău, Republica MoldovaThis article represents the analysis of activity of the department of internal diseases no.1 of PMSI Municipal Clinical Hospital „Sfanta Treime” in 2006-2015. Thus, an increased prevalence of respiratory diseases and primary detected neoplasms was shown. There was an increase in the number of hospitalization days caused by evolving severe disease, late appeals, presence of multiple comorbidities and slower response to treatment. All these are in line with the panEuropean trend of an aging population and hospitalization of patients with multiple health problems.В статье анализируются данные заболеваемости в 20062015 гг. Наблюдается рост заболеваний респираторного тракта, а также онкологических болезней. Больные госпитализируются в тяжелом и крайне тяжелом состоянии с множеством сопутствующих заболеваний, с запоздалым ответом на лечение. Эти данные согласуются с паневропейским процессом старения населения земного шара с многообразием проблем здоровья

SALIVARY PARAMETERS ALTERED IN SMOKERS AND POSSIBLE CORRELATIONS WITH THE CARIOGENIC ACTIVITY

Objectives. Our research team aimed to evaluate the effects smoking has on several salivary parameters and to assess if there are any correlations between smoking and the cariogenic activity. Material and method. The present research included a total of 35 participants. Saliva was collected from every participant to the study. Salivary chloride, calcium and potassium levels, as well as salivary flux and pH were determined for all subjects. Results. Our results showed significantly lower salivary flux and pH levels in smokers compared to nonsmokers (p < 0.01). Chloride, calcium and potassium we found to have higher concentrations in smokers compared to the control group. However, a statistical significance could be found only for calcium (p = 0.02). Moreover, we were able to find in the smokers group a positive correlation in smokers between salivary chloride levels and cariogenic activity as well as a negative correlation could be found in smokers between salivary calcium levels and the cariogenic activity Conclusions. The results of the present study show that smoking alters salivary parameters and that these modifications can favour the development of dental caries

2015 SUMMING-UP OF BANKING FINANCIAL SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Economic and political uncertainty in recent years has adversely affected the activity of Moldovan banks unfavoring the dynamics of the national economy. The 2015 year can be considered a "rigid" year for the Republic of Moldova, built by the liquidation of three financial institutions at the NBM decision (CB "Unibank" SA, CB "Banca Sociala" SA and BC "Banca de Economii" SA), and the tightening of the monetary policy. That has led to mistrust of the population in this sector, creating problems with bank loans and deteriorating of bank asset. However, commercial banks during 2015 remained sufficiently liquid and capitalized (exception is CB "Unibank" SA, CB "Banca Sociala" SA and BC "Banca de Economii" SA). This article aims to research the financial and banking sector from the Republic of Moldova in 2015 in terms of uncertainty. Therefore, the novelty of the article lies in the analysis of the banking sector from the Republic of Moldova under the main financial prudential indicators. The main research methods were: systemic analysis, synthesis, monographic, logic, etc. The main scientific results obtained in the article, as a conclusion of the research are the identification, analysis of the main activity of the banking sector and the proposed set of recommendations on strengthening the financial stability framework in the Republic of Moldova

The study of the screen printing quality depending on the surface to be printed

This paper presents the study results regarding the analysis of the screen printing quality on different types of materials. The quality of the screen printing is determined by several particularities of the screen printing process such as: the type of mesh, screen ruling, ink viscosity, raster spacing, etc. The material which is supposed to be printed is as important as the particularities of the screen printing process itself. The composition, structure and features of the printed items as well as the composition, viscosity and other ink properties, all together determine the quality of the screen printed matter

Rapid and non-destructive analytical techniques for measurement of apricot quality

Abstract Quality of ripened apricot depends on its maturity at harvest which was determined in the past subjectively and based on visual ratings. I