ATP5H/KCTD2 locus is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk

To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P <0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases; 12 040 controls) were selected, and in Stage II these were examined in an in silico analysis within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium GWAS (1367 cases and 12904 controls). Six novel signals reaching P <5 × 10 −6 were genotyped in an independent Stage III sample (the Fundació ACE data set) of 2200 sporadic AD patients and 2301 controls. We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P =2.6 × 10 −7 in discovery and OR=1.43, P =0.004 in Fundació ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P =4.7 × 10 −9). This ATP5H / KCT D2 locus has an important function in mitochondrial energy production and neuronal hyperpolarization during cellular stress conditions, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation

Advanced Surveillance Technologies: Privacy and Evidentiary Issues

Surveillance technology, which encompasses a large array of technologies used to observe individuals’ activities and communications, has advanced at a rapid pace and is becoming more widely available in the general marketplace. This trend is potentially caused by increasing fears of terrorism following the September 11 attacks as well the ability of surveillance technology manufacturers to produce the technology at lower costs. Although surveillance technology has long been used by the military and government intelligence agencies, the use of this technology by law enforcement and now private individuals in areas not of national security concern is new and raises privacy and evidentiary issues yet to be settled by U.S. courts

NBACE score descriptives and area under the curve values for the whole sample.

<p>HS: healthy subjects; MDS: mild dementia syndrome; SD: standard deviation; AUC: area under the curve; CI: Confidence Interval; WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale, Third Edition; WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third edition; 15-BNT: the abbreviated Boston Naming Test with 15 items; 15-OT: The 15-Objects test; SKT: Syndrom Kurtz Test; s: time in seconds;</p>#<p>Verbal learning WMS-III = 1^st+2^nd+3^rd+4^th trial scores.</p>‡<p>In a subsample of 246 HS and 271 MDS.</p

Cut-off scores for 6 conditions (3 age ranges by 2 educational levels), including sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) values.

<p>WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third edition.</p

Cut-off scores in both languages (Spanish and Catalan).

<p>SE: sensitivity; SP: specificity; WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale, Third Edition; WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third edition; 15-BNT: the abbreviated Boston Naming Test with 15 items; 15-OT: The 15-Objects test; SKT: Syndrom Kurtz Test; s: time in seconds;</p>#<p>Verbal learning WMS-III = 1^st+2^nd+3^rd+4^th trial scores.</p

Characteristics of participants.

<p>HS: healthy subjects; MDS: mild dementia syndrome; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.</p>1<p>Cohens’ d for t-tests in age and MMSE, and ²Phi for Chi square in education and gender.</p>*<p>p<0.05,</p>**<p>p<0.005.</p

Cut-off scores for 6 conditions (3 age ranges by 2 educational levels), including sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) values.

<p>WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale, Third Edition.</p

Global cut-off scores.

<p>SE: sensitivity; SP: specificity; WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third edition; 15-OT: The 15-Objects test; SKT: Syndrom Kurtz Test.</p