Dimentional continuation of spinor field theories

Imperial Users onl

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF VIRECHANA THERAPY IN AMAVATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Amavata is a disease of chronic joint and body pain, accompanied by a swelling of some or all of the synovial joints. These symptoms are typically accompanied by stiffness of joints, loss of appetite, indigestion, lack of enthusiasm, feeling of heaviness and fever. Among Shodhna therapy described in Ayurveda, Virechana is mostly used in the disorders originated from vitiated Pitta. Along with this, it is also useful in the disorders in which Pitta is associated with Vata or Kapha dosha. It has direct effect on the Agni Adhishthan and also works on Kapha and Vata Adhishsthan. Thus, it rectify not only Pitta but Vata and Kapha Dosha also.A clinical study of 20 registered cases of Amavata revealed that Virechana karma is a very effective treatment of Amavata. This study proved the significance of Virecana karma on classical symptom of Amavata i.e., Angamarda, Aruchi, Trishna, Jwara, Shoth, etc. It reflects that Virechana karma is a potent Shroto-vishodhna, a good anti-inflammatory and pain relieving in patients of R.A.Statistically significant results were found in Morning stiffness (83.02%, P<0.001), Swelling (81.67% , P<0.001), Trishna (56%, P<0.001), Aruchi (80.00%, P<0.001), Gaurava (85.37% P<0.001) and Apaka (81.39%). This study reveals that Virechana therapy is a very effective Panchakarma procedure with potent Sroto Shodhana effect to produce good anti- inflammatory and pain reducing feature in patients of R.A

The ecological interaction between habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of some wild ungulates in India

The ecological interrelationships between the habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of three wild ungulate species, viz. Chital (Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor) and Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) were investigated in three National Parks in India. The study sites differ in the structure and composition of the habitat and also occur along a rainfall gradient. The study incorporates a new approach of using forest compartments for gathering baseline ecological data. The significance of these compartments in serving as ecological bench-marks for monitoring habitat condition has been demonstrated. Toe-point transect, a modification of the point-intercept method has been extensively used to obtain rapid, reliable but coarse ecological data on ground and aerial cover and the results obtained are compared with those from the visual estimation method. Motorcycle and foot-based line transects have been used to obtain data on animal abundance. The significance of the results indicating that motorcycle transects are an efficient and reliable means of estimating the abundance of Chital and Nilgai, while foot transects provide more reliable estimates of Sambar abundance is discussed. Data on 22 habitat variables were gathered in the summer and winter seasons from all the study sites and were statistically analysed using Generalized Linear Interactive Modelling (GLIM) procedures. The habitat requirements of the three ungulate species have been determined, which enhance our understanding of the complex herbivore-habitat relationships. Analyses of habitat selection, central to the understanding of animal ecology, has been done to understand the mechanisms which permit species to co-exist. The results indicate that the three species are ecologically separated and that resource partitioning is achieved primarily by habitat partitioning. Sambar, a forest ungulate, largely occurs in the forest-woodland habitats; Chital, a species of the habitat 'edge', occurs in the woodland-grassland habitats while Nilgai prefers the miscellaneousopen and grassland habitats. The three ungulate species together contribute more than 78% to the total wild ungulate biomass. This is presumably because these species are by nature generalist and are able to exploit the unpredictable resources more efficiently than specialist species. The differential biomass/rainfall relationships of three species observed in the study have been explained on the basis of habitat requirements and feeding strategies adopted by these species. The ecological biogeography of the three ungulate species has been discussed and their ecological equivalents in Africa have been examined. The significance of above in enhancing our understanding of evolutionary biology is discussed. The study has shown that habitat composition is an all-important factor in large herbivore biology and that animal density may be used as an indicator of habitat quality

The ecological interaction between habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of some wild ungulates in India

The ecological interrelationships between the habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of three wild ungulate species, viz. Chital (Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor) and Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) were investigated in three National Parks in India. The study sites differ in the structure and composition of the habitat and also occur along a rainfall gradient. The study incorporates a new approach of using forest compartments for gathering baseline ecological data. The significance of these compartments in serving as ecological bench-marks for monitoring habitat condition has been demonstrated. Toe-point transect, a modification of the point-intercept method has been extensively used to obtain rapid, reliable but coarse ecological data on ground and aerial cover and the results obtained are compared with those from the visual estimation method. Motorcycle and foot-based line transects have been used to obtain data on animal abundance. The significance of the results indicating that motorcycle transects are an efficient and reliable means of estimating the abundance of Chital and Nilgai, while foot transects provide more reliable estimates of Sambar abundance is discussed. Data on 22 habitat variables were gathered in the summer and winter seasons from all the study sites and were statistically analysed using Generalized Linear Interactive Modelling (GLIM) procedures. The habitat requirements of the three ungulate species have been determined, which enhance our understanding of the complex herbivore-habitat relationships. Analyses of habitat selection, central to the understanding of animal ecology, has been done to understand the mechanisms which permit species to co-exist. The results indicate that the three species are ecologically separated and that resource partitioning is achieved primarily by habitat partitioning. Sambar, a forest ungulate, largely occurs in the forest-woodland habitats; Chital, a species of the habitat 'edge', occurs in the woodland-grassland habitats while Nilgai prefers the miscellaneousopen and grassland habitats. The three ungulate species together contribute more than 78% to the total wild ungulate biomass. This is presumably because these species are by nature generalist and are able to exploit the unpredictable resources more efficiently than specialist species. The differential biomass/rainfall relationships of three species observed in the study have been explained on the basis of habitat requirements and feeding strategies adopted by these species. The ecological biogeography of the three ungulate species has been discussed and their ecological equivalents in Africa have been examined. The significance of above in enhancing our understanding of evolutionary biology is discussed. The study has shown that habitat composition is an all-important factor in large herbivore biology and that animal density may be used as an indicator of habitat quality.</p

Effect of increasing concentration of organic nitrogen on larvicidal toxin production by <i>Bacillus thuringiensis </i>var. <i>israelensis </i>(H-14)*

512-514Four different concentrations of peptone in combination with yeast extract as fermentation media were evaluated for larvicide production by B. thuringiensis var. israelensis in batch cultivation. Yield of larvicidal toxin per unit volume of fermented broth was used in this work as a test for fennentation success. Medium containing 2% peptone as organic nitrogen source and 1% yeast extract as a source of vitamin and other growth factor proved to be best resulting in approximately 7.5×103 IU of larvicidal toxin per ml of fermentation broth. Larvicide production was inhibited by high protein medium in spite of the fact that the cell dry weight continued to increase

Antimicrobial protein from <i>Streptomyces fulvissimus</i> inhibitory to methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

254-257Fermented culture of Streptomyces fulvissimus was found to secrete an antibacterial protein inhibitory to Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The extracellular protein from the fermented culture on concentration revealed a high molecular weight peptide of 63kDa on SDS-PAGE gel and the region on gel displayed inhibitory activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioactivity of the extra cellular protein was non-sensitive to proteinase K, ⍺ chymotrypsin, protease, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid), PMSF (phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride) and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) but partially susceptible to amylase and heat. Glycoprotein nature of the proteinaceous compound was confirmed by periodic acid schiff’s (PAS) staining. The secretary protein of S. fulvissimus demonstrated a significant activity against MRSA strain. It could be an important source for developing new drugs to control multidrug resistant gram positive bacteria

Characterization of Mosquito Larvicidal <i>Bacillus thuringiensis </i>Isolated from Soils of India

268-270It has been established now that insects are acquiring resistance to commercial products of Bacillus thuringiensis. So there is a continuous search for bacteria producing new toxins. With this in view, an insecticidal B. thuringiensis was isolated from soil sample obtained from the vicinity of a penicillin factory in Vadodara, India. The isolate belongs to serotype H-14. Phenotypic characters of the isolate were identical to standard B. thuringiensis var. israelensis IPS-82. It was found to possess good larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens and exhibited high resistance for penicillin (500 ug/ml), The electrophoretic protein profiles of purified crystals with standard B. thuringiensis (IPS-82) were studied. The isolate apparently showed the same protein profile as that of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis. Soil with natural selective pressure of antibiotic penicillin thus appears to be a good ecological niche for the isolation of B. thuringiensis.</i