O papel da saliva na proteção contra a erosão dental /The role of saliva in protecting against dental erosion

A expectativa de vida aumentada somada ao desenvolvimento da odontologia preventiva tem proporcionado um aumento da longevidade dos dentes de indivíduos com idade mais avançada. Como consequência, observou-se o aumento da incidência de desgastes dentais não relacionados com a cárie, conhecidos como lesões não cariosas do esmalte e da dentina. O estilo de vida da população vem mudando com o passar do tempo, além disso, as situações de estresse que atingem a maior parte dos indivíduos têm trazido algumas consequências para a saúde bucal. O consumo desenfreado de alimentos industrializados faz com que o pH salivar fique ácido, o que favorece o aparecimento da erosão dentária. Diante disso, esse trabalho se propõe a avaliar o papel da saliva na proteção contra a erosão dental, e as medidas a serem tomadas para evitá-la. Foram selecionados artigos nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo, utilizando as palavras chave saliva, lesões não cariosas, esmalte, dieta, erosão dental, remineralização, tratamento, fluoreto e fosfato de cálcio no período de 2009 a 2021. Como resultado dessa revisão de literatura, pode-se observar que o papel da saliva na proteção contra a erosão dental se dá por meio de seus componentes orgânicos e inorgânicos, juntamente de seu sistema tampão. Como forma de prevenção, pode-se citar o aconselhamento dietético e de higiene oral, estimulação do fluxo salivar e aplicação tópica de flúor

Способ переработки бериллиевого сырья

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate some parameters of dental etching when irradiated with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. One-hundred sound human third molars were selected and randomly distributed into ten groups (n = 10). The class V cavities of group 1 (control) were prepared with a bur and etched with 37% phosphoric acid, while groups G2 to G10, were prepared with laser (5 W, 88.46 J/cm(2), 90/70% air/water) and etched with the following powers: G3 and G4, 0.25 W; G5 and G6, 0.5 W; G7 and G8, 0.75 W; G9 and G10, 1 W. Group G2 received no laser etching. Prior to restoration, G2, G4, G6, G8 and G10 received acid etching. After restoration, all samples were submitted to a microleakage test. According to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn`s tests), G10 presented the lowest microleakage values (P < 0.05). The other groups showed no differences between them. Etching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser (1 W) followed by phosphoric acid was effective in reducing the microleakage of class V restorations.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)[98/14270-8]Biolase for the interchange accomplished with the Laboratorio Especial de Laser em Odontologia (LELO

Microleakage of Composite Resin Restoration After Root Caries Removal by Er,Cr:YSGG Laser.

Com o objetivo de testar a qualidade das restaurações realizadas após a remoção de cárie de raiz com laser de alta potência, realizamos esse trabalho. Lesões de cárie radicular foram induzidas em fragmentos dentais humanos (n=154) através de contaminação com o S. mutans. Obtidas as lesões, essas foram removidas com instrumento cortante rotatório (ICR) em baixa rotação (grupo controle) ou com o laser de Er,Cr:YSGG, (?=2,78 µm, taxa de repetição= 20 Hz, duração de pulso na ordem de 140 a 150 µs, energia por pulso de 0 a 300 mJ) em 13 potências diferentes entre 1 e 4 W, em intervalos de 0,25 W entre cada grupo (n=11 por grupo). Para a remoção de cárie, foi utilizada a peça de mão 2415 e a fibra de safira modelo ?G? (Ø= 600 µm) posicionada a 1 mm das amostras (modo não contato). Após a remoção das lesões de cárie e mensuração do tempo necessário para este passo operatório, uma amostra de cada grupo foi preparada para microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Em seguida, as demais foram condicionadas com Clearfil SE Bond, restauradas com resina composta de baixa viscosidade e submetidas à termociclagem (1.000 ciclos de 5°C e 55°C) e então imersas em solução de azul de metileno a 2 % para teste de microinfiltração. Depois desta etapa, as amostras foram seccionadas e analisadas em microscopia luz para a obtenção do índice de microinfiltração, assim como de outras características, como a área da interface dente/restauração, a profundidade das cavidades, e a presença de cárie residual sob as restaurações. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente (p?0,05). Os resultados indicaram que o ICR removeu as lesões de cárie mais rapidamente que o laser (p<0,05). As eletromicrografias de varredura mostraram que o grupo controle apresentou as margens cavitárias sem irregularidades e a superfície dentinária coberta pela camada de esfregaço, obliterando os túbulos dentinários. Todas as cavidades preparadas com o laser apresentaram margens irregulares. Quando parâmetros inferiores a 2,0 W foram utilizados, observou-se a presença de material amorfo sobre a superfície dentinária, com pouca exposição dos túbulos dentinários. Já nos parâmetros acima de 2,0 W, as cavidades apresentaram superfícies com aspecto de escamas, ausência da camada de esfregaço, túbulos dentinários abertos e crateras, distribuídas de forma irregular. Quando analisadas em microscopia de luz, as amostras irradiadas com potências superiores a 3,0 W apresentaram cavidades mais profundas em relação às demais. Graças às irregularidades promovidas pelo laser, as amostras irradiadas com potências maiores que 1,5 W apresentaram maior área de interface dente/restauração do que aquelas do grupo controle ou irradiadas com os parâmetros mais baixos. O índice de infiltração foi semelhante entre todos os grupos irradiados, e significantemente maiores que o do grupo controle. Houve correlação fortemente positiva entre a quantidade de cárie residual presente nas amostras e os índices de microinfiltração. Nas condições deste estudo pôde-se concluir que a remoção de cárie radicular com laser de Er,Cr:YSGG seguida de restauração com resina composta mostrou pobre selamento marginal em função da presença de cárie residual nas paredes das cavidades.The present study aimed to compare the sealing ability of root caries restoration after caries removal with bur or Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Seventy two extracted human carious-free molars and premolars were used. After the in vitro root caries induction using S. mutans, the carious lesions were removed either by the conventional technique using burs (control), or by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser ((?=2,78 µm, repetition rate= 20 Hz, pulse duration around 150 µs, energy per pulse of 0 to 300 mJ, non-contact mode), using 13 different parameters, between 1 and 4,0 W. For the irradiation procedures, a 600 µm tip was used. During caries removal, preparation time was recorded for all groups. After that, one sample of each group was observed in scanning electron microscopy (MEV), and the others were conditioned with Clearfil SE Bond and restored with a flowable composite. Then, the samples were termocycled (1000 Cycles) and immersed into a 2 % methylene blue solution for microlekage analysis. These samples were sectioned and analyzed under light microscopy for microleakage index calculation. Other characteristics, such as the dentin/composite interface area, the cavity depth and the presence of residual caries under the restorations, were also evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed by either ANOVA complemented by the Tukey?s test or Kruskall-Wallis complemented by the Dunn?s test (p = 0.05). The caries lesions were significantly faster removed by the conventional method (p<0.05). Amongst the lased groups, the caries removal time was inversely proportional to the parameters used. SEM revealed that the surfaces treated by air turbine were smooth, but with debris. When parameters under 2.0 W were used, an amorphous material covering the dentin surface was observed. Using parameters above of 2.0 W, SEM revealed surfaces with smooth undulations, with absence of smear layer, and some irregular-distributed craters. No signs of carbonization were observed. The light microscopy analysis showed that the samples irradiated with power outputs over 3.0 W were deeper than those irradiated with lower parameters and those prepared with bur. The samples irradiated with power outputs higher than 1.5 W presented dentin/composite interface area larger than those of the control group. Finally, the infiltration index was similar in all lased groups, and significantly higher than those of control group (p<0.05). The microleakage index and the presence of residual caries, only detected by light microscopy, at the lateral walls of the cavities obtained by Er, Cr:YSGG laser was significantly higher compared to control cavities. In the conditions of this study, we can conclude that the carious removal by Er, Cr:YSGG laser, independently of the parameters used, creates dentin surfaces characteristics that promotes a poor marginal sealing

Influence of etching with erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser on microleakage of class V restoration

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate some parameters of dental etching when irradiated with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. One-hundred sound human third molars were selected and randomly distributed into ten groups (n = 10). The class V cavities of group 1 (control) were prepared with a bur and etched with 37% phosphoric acid, while groups G2 to G10, were prepared with laser (5 W, 88.46 J/cm(2), 90/70% air/water) and etched with the following powers: G3 and G4, 0.25 W; G5 and G6, 0.5 W; G7 and G8, 0.75 W; G9 and G10, 1 W. Group G2 received no laser etching. Prior to restoration, G2, G4, G6, G8 and G10 received acid etching. After restoration, all samples were submitted to a microleakage test. According to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn`s tests), G10 presented the lowest microleakage values (P < 0.05). The other groups showed no differences between them. Etching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser (1 W) followed by phosphoric acid was effective in reducing the microleakage of class V restorations.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)[98/14270-8]Biolase for the interchange accomplished with the Laboratorio Especial de Laser em Odontologia (LELO

Comparisons of IgA response in saliva and colostrum against oral streptococci species

Abstract The present study compared IgA specificity against oral streptococci in colostrum and saliva samples. Sixty-two mother-and-child pairs were included; samples of colostrum (C) and saliva (MS) were collected from the mothers and saliva samples were collected from babies (BS). The specificity of IgA against Streptococcus mutans and S. mitis were analyzed by western blot. Only 30% of babies’ samples presented IgA reactivity to S. mutans, while 74 and 80% of MS and C, respectively, presented this response. IgA reactivity to S. mutans virulence antigens (Ag I/II, Gtf and GbpB) in positive samples showed differences between samples for Gtf and especially for GbpB (p 0.05). The positive response of Gtf-reactive IgA was different between C (90%) and MS (58%) samples (p 0.05). GbpB was the least detected, with 48 and 26% of C and MS, and only 5% of BS samples presenting reactivity (p > 0.05). Eight percent of MS and C samples presented identical bands to SM in the same time-point. In conclusion, the differences of IgA response found between C and MS can be due to the different ways of stimulation, proliferation and transportation of IgA in those secretions. The colostrum has high levels of IgA against S. mutans virulence antigens, which could affect the installation and accumulation process of S. mutans, mainly by supplying anti-GbpB IgA to the neonate

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data