Immunoliposome-mediated targeting of doxorubicin to human ovarian carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

This paper deals with the utility of immunoliposomes for the delivery of doxorubicin (DXR) to human ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to investigate whether immunoliposome-mediated targeting of DXR to ovarian cancer cells translates in an enhanced anti-tumour effect compared with that of non-targeted DXR liposomes (lacking the specific antibody). Target cell binding and anti-tumour activity of DXR immunoliposomes were studied in vitro and in vivo (xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma). In vitro we observed that target cell binding and cell growth inhibition of DXR immunoliposomes is superior to that of non-targeted DXR-liposomes. However, in vivo, despite the efficient target cell binding and good anti-tumour response of DXR-immunoliposomes, no difference in anti-tumour effect, compared with non-targeted DXR-liposomes, could be determined. The results indicate that premature DXR leakage from immunoliposomes occurring before the actual target cell binding and subsequent DXR association with the tumour cells, explains why no significant differences in anti-tumour activity between DXR-immunoliposomes and non-targeted DXR-liposomes were observed in vivo

Healthier in primary school: school lunches and more physical exercise : An study into societal support, feasibility, affordability and impact

De overheid stimuleert dat basisscholen kinderen helpen om gezond te leven. Een gezonde schoollunch en meer bewegen onder schooltijd kunnen hierbij helpen. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat hier draagvlak voor is onder ouders, kinderen en scholen. Ook is het haalbaar, mits al deze partijen worden betrokken bij de organisatie. Ouders zijn bereid om mee te betalen (1,75 euro per kind per dag), maar daarmee zijn de kosten (2,40 euro per kind per dag voor de zelfsmeerlunch en 4,50 euro voor de schoollunch met beweegactiviteiten) niet gedekt. Ondersteuning is dus nodig om minder draagkrachtige gezinnen financieel te steunen. Bij een zelfsmeerlunch maken kinderen zelf op school een gezonde lunch klaar. Ze eten dan meer fruit, groente en bruinbrood en drinken meer melk en water. Voor een zelfsmeerlunch is minimaal 30 minuten tijd nodig. Een cateraar kan de benodigdheden inkopen en leveren. De school kan dit ook zelf doen, maar dat vraagt om een goede coördinatie. Extra beweegmomenten zijn mogelijk door tijdens de lessen korte momenten daarvoor in te lassen. Pedagogisch medewerkers, zoals van de naschoolse opvang, en buurtsportcoaches van gemeenten, kunnen helpen bij sport- en spelactiviteiten. Door beweegactiviteiten en de zelfsmeerlunch hebben kinderen een gezonder gewicht. Het percentage kinderen van 4 tot 18 jaar met overgewicht zou kunnen dalen van 13,5 procent naar 10,2 procent in 2040, en met obesitas van 2,8 procent naar 2,3 procent. In de toekomst kan de daling eraan bijdragen dat minder volwassenen overgewicht, obesitas en diabetes hebben. Dan moeten de kinderen het veranderde gedrag wel blijven volhouden als ze volwassen zijn. Om kinderen hierbij te helpen kunnen schoollunches en beweegactiviteiten worden aangevuld met activiteiten op de middelbare school en in de wijk. Aanleiding voor deze verkenning zijn eerdere succesvolle projecten met gezonde schoollunches en meer bewegen in het basisonderwijs.The government encourages primary schools to help children live healthier. A healthy school lunch and more physical exercise during school time can help in this regard. Research shows that there is support for this among parents, children, and schools. It is also feasible as long as these parties are involved in the organisation. Parents are willing to help pay for the costs ( 1.75 per child per day), but that will not cover all the costs ( 2.40 per child per day for the self-made lunch and 4.50 for the school lunch with exercise activities). Support is therefore needed to provide financial support for less wealthy families in this regard. For a self-prepared lunch, children themselves make a healthy lunch at school. This requires at least 30 minutes to do so. A caterer can purchase and deliver the required goods. The school can also do this itself, but that requires good coordination. Additional physical exercise activities can be organised by scheduling brief exercise intervals during the classes. Educational co-workers, such as those from the after-school care services, as well as neighbourhood sport coaches can help when it comes to sport and play activities. By making their own lunches, children end up eating more fruit, vegetables and whole-wheat bread as well as drinking more milk and water. This study was carried out in response to previous successful projects with healthy school lunches and more physical exercise in primary schools.Ministerie van VW

What's for lunch? The content and quality of lunches consumed by Dutch primary schoolchildren and the differences between lunches consumed at home and at school.

Background: Lunch is an important part of a healthy diet, which is essential for the development, growth and academic performance of school-aged children. Currently there is an increasing number of Dutch primary schoolchildren who are transitioning from eating lunch at home to school. There is limited knowledge about the current quality of the lunches consumed by primary schoolchildren in the Netherlands and whether there are any differences between lunches consumed at home or at school. To investigate differences in content and quality of lunches consumed by Dutch primary schoolchildren at home and at school. Methods: Cross-sectional study among 363 Dutch primary schoolchildren aged 4-12 years based on the first two years of the 2012-2016 Dutch National Food Consumption Survey. Demographic characteristics were obtained through a questionnaire. Diet was assessed with two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Quality of lunches was assessed on their nutritional quality whether they fitted the nutritional guidelines. 'Nonparametric tests were used to examine the content and quality of the lunches between place of consumption and parental educational position. Results: The most consumed lunch products among primary schoolchildren were bread, dairy products and sugar-sweetened beverages. Fruit and vegetable consumption was very low. Consumption of milk and other dairy products was higher among children who eat lunch at home than children who eat lunch at school (p < 0.01). Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was higher among children who eat lunch at school than children who eat lunch at home (p < 0.01), and at school a higher proportion of the drinks did not fit within the Dutch dietary recommendations (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The current content of the lunches consumed by Dutch primary schoolchildren leaves room for improvement, especially regarding fruit and vegetables. The statistically significantly higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and lower consumption of milk and dairy products at school vs. home is worrisome, as currently more children in the Netherlands are transitioning to having lunch at school