Pricing and Hedging Asian Options

This paper will mainly focus on a path-dependent option—Asian options. The value of a path-dependent option is affected by how the price of the underlying asset was reached at the time of maturity. Unlike a vanilla European option, the pay-off of an Asian option is a function of multiple points up to and including the price at expiry. Asian options are some of the most common exotic options traded. As P. Wilmott (2006) and E. G. Haug (2007) both point out, Asian options are popular in the OTC energy markets and in other commodity markets lacking liquidity. [9

Transperineal ultrasonography in stress urinary incontinence

Background: The aim of our study is to assess, using transperineal ultrasonography, amount of bladder neck mobility using rotational angles; represented by the difference in the anterior (α angle) and posterior urethral angles (β angle) and proximal pubourethral distance at rest and straining, in stress urinary incontinence and control group, to ascertain if there are significant differences in their values between the groups.Methods: In all, 24 women with SUI (SUI group) and 20 continent women (control group) were included. Transperineal ultrasonography was performed at rest and straining (Valsalva manoeuver), and the threshold value for the urethral angles (α and β angles) and proximal pubourethral distance for each group were estimated.Results: A significant difference was found in calculating the numerical value of the increment of both α and β angles in both groups, at rest and at straining (rotation angle α and rotation angle β (Rα and Rβ)). Higher rotation angles were seen in the SUI group for both the α angle and the β angle compared with those of the control group; mean (SD) Rα SUI 29.37±7.46 vs. controls 10.83±3.46°; and Rβ SUI 27.97±7.47 vs. controls 13.00±3.16°; p<0.01. There was also significant difference in proximal pubourethral distance (<0.01) during resting and straining phases in patients with SUI.Conclusions: Rotational angles and pubourethral distance helps in evaluation of stress urinary incontinence and reduces the need of urodynamic studies

Prediction of peptidoglycan hydrolases- a new class of antibacterial proteins

Comparison of performance of the three approaches using known 250 peptidoglycan hydrolases. (XLSX 8 kb

A role for Malignant Brain Tumor Domain-containing Protein 1 in human endometrial stromal cell decidualization

Up to 30% of women experience early miscarriage due to impaired decidualization. For implantation to occur, the uterine endometrial stromal fibroblast-like cells must differentiate into decidual cells, but the genes required for decidualization have not been fully defined. Here, we show that Malignant Brain Tumor Domain-containing Protein 1 (MBTD1), a member of the polycomb group protein family, is critical for human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization. MBTD1 predominantly localized to HESCs during the secretory phase and the levels were significantly elevated durin

Intraoperative cystoscopy in major gynaecological surgeries: necessary skill for a gynecologist

Background: The goal of this study is to find out: how important it is to utilize intraoperative cystoscopy liberally in normal gynaecological procedures to detect urinary tract injuries, how long it takes to do intraoperative cystoscopy and what problems are linked with cystoscopy.Materials: The study is from the year 2016 to 2022 involving around 1221 patients. In a tertiary care facility, retrospective observational research was conducted. The study comprised patients receiving all gynaecological and urogynaecological operations. Malignancy was ruled out. Following gynaecological surgery, a 20-F-30-degree telescope was used to perform a cystourethroscopy. To record case information, a study proforma was created.Results: Intraoperative cystoscopy detected four bladder injuries during anti-incontinence surgery (TVT) and hysterectomy. After a thorough laparoscopic hysterectomy with normal cystoscopy, one patient returned one month later with right ureteric injury. A urinary tract infection struck fifteen people shortly after surgery. After surgery, one patient suffered flank pain and a fever for 48 hours. There was no sign of urinary tract injury on a CT-IVP scan. She was handled with care.Conclusions: For early diagnosis of urinary tract injuries, gynaecologists should have a low threshold for performing intraoperative cystoscopy during gynaecological procedures. Early detection and treatment of urinary tract injuries reduces the patient's morbidity, with a successful repair outcome at the time of detection. Performing an intraoperative cystoscopy during gynaecological procedures allows for this

Prevalence of psychiatric co morbidities in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in north Indian population cohort

Background: Psychiatric co morbidities tend to occur quite frequently in patients of chronic respiratory diseases mainly bronchial asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) but still it is highly under diagnosed. Aim and objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of psychiatric co morbidities in asthma and COPD and to correlate them with disease severity according to Global Initiative against Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and Global Initiative against Asthma (GINA) guidelines.Methods: Study was conducted in Department of TB and Chest in association with Department of Psychiatry of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, a secondary care medical college in north India. A total 204 patients, 68 of bronchial asthma, 68 0f COPD and 68 were controls included in the study. Diagnosis and severity of respiratory diseases was assessed by spirometry. Evaluation of psychiatric co morbidities was done using the MINI international neuropsychiatric interview questionnaire.Results: The frequency of psychiatric co morbidities in COPD patients was significantly higher (32.4%) compared to patients of bronchial asthma (20.6%). The most common co morbidity in both arms was generalized anxiety disorder (17.6% in COPD patients and 10.3% in patients of bronchial asthma.Conclusions: COPD patients have a higher frequency of psychiatric co morbidities compared to bronchial asthma patients and control population. These should be properly screened and treated.

Role of cetrorelix in the prevention and treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a prospective case control study

Background: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) has intrigued clinicians for many years because of its devastating consequences. As an iatrogenic condition resulting from elective ovarian stimulation in the quest for pregnancy, the need to completely prevent the syndrome is evident. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist Cetrorelix has found to be effective in treatment of OHSS and some studies have found it to be helpful in prevention of this condition. Hence, we designed a hospital-based study to investigate the effect of Cetrorelix in preventing and treating OHSS in in-vitro fertilization – embryo transfer (IVF–ET) patients at risk of OHSS undergoing long and short protocol. Methods: The study includes total 102 patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation COS for IVF/ICSI. All cases were stimulated using long and short protocol. Depending on whether a GnRH antagonist was given after ovum pick-up (OPU) the patients were divided in two groups: Cetrorelix (antagonist) group (n=51) and control group (n=51). The study group was treated with Cetrorelix 0.25 mg for 5 days commencing on the day of ovum pick up. Results: Incidence of mild OHSS was significantly higher (p=0.01) whereas moderate to severe OHSS was significantly lower in the antagonist group (p&lt;0.05). None of the patients had critical OHSS. Conclusions: GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix administration in early luteal phase in patients undergoing long or short protocol is effective in prevention and treatment of OHSS