Long term cancer mortality trends in Lithuania

Tikslas. Šio straipsnio tikslas – įvertinti mirtingumo nuo visų piktybinių navikų bei mirtingumo nuo kai kurių lokalizacijų navikų pokyčius Lietuvoje. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Tyrimo laikotarpis apima 1985–2010 metus. Tyrime naudoti visų piktybinių navikų, taip pat lūpos, burnos ertmės ir ryklės, stemplės, skrandžio, storosios žarnos, plaučių, prostatos, krūties, gimdos ir gimdos kaklelio vėžio bei hematopoetinės sistemos navikų standartizuoti mirtingumo rodikliai (pasaulio standartas). Lūžio taškų regresinės analizės metodu įvertinti vidutiniai metiniai pokyčiai ir nustatyti lūžio taškai, kur įvyksta statistiškai reikšmingi tendencijos (trend) krypties pokyčiai. Tyrimo rezultatai pateikiami lentelėje ir grafiškai. Rezultatai. Vyrų mirtingumas nuo visų piktybinių navikų 1985–2010 m. padidėjo nuo 254,92 iki 290,19 atv. 100 000 gyv. Nustatytas vidutinis vyrų mirtingumo didėjimas po 0,47 proc. kasmet. Įvertinus lūžio taškų buvimo tikimybę, nustatytas labiausiai tikėtinas pokyčių modelis su lūžio tašku 1992 m. Vyrų mirtingumas 1985–1992 m. didėjo po 2,11 proc. kasmet, o vėliau stabilizavosi. Moterų mirtingumo nuo vėžio rodikliai tyrimo laikotarpiu sumažėjo nuo 137,5 iki 128,4 atv. 100 000 gyv., nustatytas nereikšmingas mirtingumo mažėjimas – po 1,65 proc. per metus, kuris buvo stabilus visu tyrimo laikotarpiu. Išvados. Išanalizavus mirtingumo nuo vėžio pokyčius Lietuvoje 1985–2010 m. nustatytas vyrų mirtingumo rodiklių stabilizavimasis nuo 1992 m. ir moterų mirtingumo rodiklių mažėjimo tendencija. Nustatyti teigiami mirtingumo nuo dažniausių lokalizacijų vėžio pokyčiai pastaraisiais metaisThe aim of the study. The main aim of the study was to analyze trend+s in overall cancer mortality and cancer mortality by specific cancer sites in 1985–2010. Material and methods. Joinpoint analysis was used to identify the best-fitting points wherever a statistically significant change in mortality occurred. Age-standardized (world standard) mortality rate for all cancers, cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, colorectal, lung, prostate, breast, cervix, uterus and haematopoetic system were included in the analysis. The results are presented in table and pictures. Results. Standardized mortality rates for all cancers increased from 254.92 in year 1985 to 290.19 per 100000 in 2010 in men. Annual percent change increased by +0.47 % per year. Analysis of cancer mortality trends showed the likelihood of one joinpoint in 1992. The cancer mortality in men rose by 2.11 % per year in period 1985– 1992 and then stabilized. The ASR for all cancer sites slightly decreased from 137.46 to 128.38 per 100000 in women. The insighnificant decrease by - 1.65 % per year was detected and it was stable during all study period. Conclusions. In Lithuania in 1985–2010 cancer mortality trends analysis showed decreasing mortality rates since 1992 for males and decreasing mortality during all observation period for females. For most common cancer sites positive mortality trends were observed, especially in recent yearsSocialinių tyrimų centrasVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Vėžio registrasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Mirtingumo nuo vėžio skirtumai pagal išsilavinimą Lietuvoje 2006–2009 m

Lietuvoje nustatyti mirtingumo nuo vėžio skirtumai pagal išsilavinimą yra panašūs į nustatytus kitose Europos šalyse. Tarp žemesnio išsilavinimo asmenų nustatyta didesnė mirties nuo plaučių, skrandžio, burnos ertmės ir ryklės, gerklų ir gimdos kaklelio vėžio rizika, o mirties nuo krūties vėžio rizika didžiausia tarp labiausiai išsilavinusių moterų. Planuojant vėžio kontrolės ir prevencijos programas būtina atsižvelgti į reikšmingus socioekonominius mirtingumo nuo vėžio skirtumus ir pasiūlyti kryptingų priemonių, padėsiančių užtikrinti padidėjusio mirtingumo gyventojų grupių rizikos veiksnių prevencijąSocialinių tyrimų centrasVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Vėžio registrasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Skin Melanoma in Lithuania 1991-2015

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate age-specific and sex-specific incidence trends of melanoma in Lithuania from 1991 to 2015. METHODS: Analysis was based on data from the population-based Lithuanian Cancer Registry database for 1991-2015, and 6024 cases of skin melanoma were identified. Age-adjusted rates (ASRs) by sex and age group were calculated. Adjustment for ASRs was done using the old European standard population, where a total of three age groups were considered: 0-39, 40-59 and 60+. Additionally, the annual percent change (APC) was calculated, and 95% confidence intervals for APC were calculated. RESULTS: Between 1991 and 2015, the overall melanoma rates increased by an annual percent change (APC) of 3.9% in men (95% CI, 3.6-4.1%) and 2.3% in women (95% CI, 2.1-2.5%). The highest incidences of new cutaneous melanoma cases were observed between old adults (60+) of both sexes, while the lowest incidence rates were observed in the young adult group (up to 39 years old), with the lowest APC (1.6% in males and 0.4% in females). The overall number of melanoma deaths during 1991 and 2015 increased from 64 to 103 deaths per year, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) increased 1.3 times (from 1.8 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and mortality of skin melanoma seem to be increased in all age groups. These trends indicate that skin protection behavior is not sufficient in our population and more efforts need to be taken in order to decrease incidence and mortality rates

Management of glioblastoma: a perspective from Lithuania

Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas. Neuromokslų institutasNacionalinis vėžio institutasNacionalinis vėžio institutas, VilniusViešosios komunikacijos katedraVilnaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Expression levels of FBXW7 and MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligases and their c-Myc and p53 substrates in patients with dysplastic nevi or melanoma

E3 ubiquitin ligases are of interest as drug targets due to their involvement in the regulation of the functions and interactions of several proteins. Various E3 ligase complexes are considered oncogenes or tumor suppres- sors associated with the development of melanoma. These proteins regulate the functions of various signaling pathways and proteins, such as p53 and Notch. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression levels of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), c-Myc, MDM2 and p53 proteins in samples from patients with dysplastic nevi or melanoma, and to evaluate their association with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the disease. Paraffin blocks with postoperative material from 100 patients diagnosed with dysplastic moles or melanoma were used in the present study. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochem- istry were used to examine FBXW7, c-Myc, MDM2 and p53 protein expression. The results revealed that there was significantly lower FBXW7 expression in advanced melanoma compared with dysplastic nevus, melanoma in situ and stage pT1 melanoma (P<0.001). Additionally, there was a statisti- cally significant association between the expression levels of FBXW7 and the morphological type of the tumor (P<0.001). In addition, there was a strong positive association between FBXW7 expression and the changes in c-Myc expression (P<0.02), and a strong trend was observed between decreased FBXW7 expression and a higher risk of death in patients, with the major factor in patient mortality being the stages of melanoma. Additionally, p53 expression was associated with the depth of melanoma invasion and the morphological type of the tumor. In summary, FBXW7 expression exhibited the highest statistically significant prognostic value and associa- tions with advanced melanoma. As the majority of FBXW7 substrates are oncoproteins, their degradation by FBXW7 may highlight these proteins as potential targets for the treatment of melanoma

The impact of incomplete registration on survival rate of children with very rare tumors

Pediatric very rare tumors (VRTs) represent a heterogeneous subset of childhood cancers, with reliable survival estimates depending dramatically on each (un)registered case. The current study aimed to evaluate the number of VRTs among Lithuanian children, to assess the impact of the registration status on survival rates and to track changes in treatment outcomes over the 16-year study period. We performed a population-based retrospective study across children below 18 years old diagnosed with VRTs in Lithuania between the years 2000 and 2015. The identified cases were cross-checked with the Lithuanian Cancer Registry-a population-based epidemiology cancer registry-for the fact of registration and survival status. The overall survival was calculated in relation to the registration status and treatment period. Thirty-seven children with VRTs were identified within the defined time frame. Six of them (16.2%) were not reported to the Lithuanian Cancer Registry at diagnosis. The probability of overall survival at 5 years (OS5y) differed significantly between the registered (n = 31) and unregistered (n = 6) cohorts: 51.6% versus 100%, respectively (p = 0.049). A 5-year survival estimate for children diagnosed with a VRT at the age of 0-14 years differed by 10 percentage points according to the registration completeness: 52.1% calculated for the entire cohort versus 42.1% for registered patients only. The OS5y has not improved over the analyzed period: 61.1% in 2000-2007 versus 57.9% in 2008-2015 (p = 0.805). The survival continued to decline beyond 5 years post-diagnosis due to late cancer-related adverse events: 59.5% of patients were alive at 5 years as compared to 44.3% at 10 years. The OS5y of children affected by VRT was lower than in more common childhood cancers. The survival rate of the unregistered patients may lead to misinterpretation of treatment outcomes. Meticulous registration of VRTs is crucial for correct evaluation of treatment outcomes, especially across small countries with few cases