Mean reticolocyte hemoglobin content index plays a key role to identify children who are carriers of β –thalassemia

Reticulocyte (r) and red blood cell (RBC) indices provide reliable parameters for screening and monitoring iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients and β-thalassemia trait (BTT) carriers. The aim of this study is to identify a simple method for use to distinguish β-thalassemia trait carriers from IDA and to evaluate the correlation between BTT genetic mutation and MCV values and new discrimination index for the detection of β-thalassemia trait (DI-BTT). We analyzed CHr, MCHCr, MCVr, RBC, mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cellular volume (MCV) indices among a pediatric population of IDA patients (n=90), βthalassemia trait carriers (n=72) and normal controls (NC) (n=131). Furthermore, to distinguish IDA patients from β-thalassemia trait carriers we evaluated clinical utility of new DI for the detection BTTcarriers, using the following polynomial: (RBC × MCHC × 50/MCV)/CHr. We found that CHr, MCVr and DI-BTT mean values were significantly different between βthalassemia trait carriers and IDA patients. CHr, MCVr and DI-BTT plotting curves showed exclusive distribution in β-thalassemia trait carriers. Moreover, DI-BTT was very accurate in differentiating β-thalassemia trait carriers from IDA patients. All BTT patients showed a heterozygous mutation of the β-globin gene including CD39, IVS1.110, IVS1.6 and IVS2.745, IVS2.1 and IVS1.1. The highest MCV values were displayed by those carrying the IVS1.6 mutation. Conclusions: The simultaneous measurement and plotting of CHr and MCVr indices, as well as the DI-BTT allow to distinguish β-thalassemia carriers from IDA patients

uPAR REGULATES PERICELLULAR PROTEOLYSIS THROUGH A MECHANISM INVOLVING INTEGRINS AND fMLF-RECEPTORS

The expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) can be regulated by several hormones, cytokines, and tumour promoters. uPAR is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-linked cell-surface protein; however, it is capable to transduce signals inside the cell by interacting with other cell-surface proteins, such as integrins and G-protein coupled (GPC) receptors. We previously reported that uPAR cell-surface expression can be positively regulated by its ligand, uPA, independently of its proteolytic activity. We now demonstrate that uPAR overexpression induces or increases uPA secretion both in uPAR-negative and in uPAR-expressing cells. Accordingly, uPAR depletion impairs uPA expression in cells which constitutively express both uPA and its receptor. uPAR exerts its regulatory effect through the activation of the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), whereas the p-38 MAPK is not involved. Overexpression of truncated forms of uPAR, lacking the N-terminal domain (DI) and not able to interact with membrane co-receptors, failed to increase uPA expression. Inhibition of uPAR-integrin interaction by the specific P-25 peptide, as well as Gi-protein inhibition by cholera pertussin toxin or depletion of the GPC receptors for fMLF (fMLF-Rs) also, impaired uPAR capability to regulate uPA expression. These findings demonstrate that uPAR, whose expression is regulated by uPA, can, in turn, regulate uPA expression through a mechanism involving its functional interaction with integrins and fMLF-Rs

Kaempferol, Myricetin and Fisetin in Prostate and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Prostate and bladder cancer represent the two most frequently diagnosed genito-urinary malignancies. Diet has been implicated in both prostate and bladder cancer. Given their prolonged latency and high prevalence rates, both prostate and bladder cancer represent attractive candidates for dietary preventive measures, including the use of nutritional supplements. Flavonols, a class of flavonoids, are commonly found in fruit and vegetables and are known for their protective effect against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, a higher dietary intake of flavonols was associated with a lower risk of both bladder and prostate cancer in epidemiological studies. In this systematic review, we gathered all available evidence supporting the anti-cancer potential of selected flavonols (kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin) against bladder and prostate cancer. A total of 21, 15 and 7 pre-clinical articles on bladder or prostate cancer reporting on kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin, respectively, were found, while more limited evidence was available from animal models and epidemiological studies or clinical trials. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the potential use of these flavonols in prostate and bladder cancer, with a low expected toxicity, thus providing the rationale for clinical trials that explore dosing, settings for clinical use as well as their use in combination with other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions

Ultrasonographic evaluation of urethrovesical junction mobility: correlation with type of delivery and stress urinary incontinence

A relationship between urinary incontinence and hypermobility of the urethrovesical junction (UVJ) during pregnancy has been described. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of vaginal delivery (VD) and caesarean section (CS) on UVJ mobility

Improving the prediction of pathologic outcomes in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: the value of prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), prostate health index (phi) and sarcosine

Several efforts have been made to find biomarkers that could help clinicians to preoperatively determine prostate cancer (PCa) pathological characteristics and choose the best therapeutic approach, avoiding over-treatment. On this effort, prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), prostate health index (phi) and sarcosine have been presented as promising tools. We evaluated the ability of these biomarkers to predict the pathologic PCa characteristics within a prospectively collected contemporary cohort of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically localized PCa at a single high-volume Institution

Improving the prediction of pathologic outcomes in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: The value of prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), prostate health index (Phi) and sarcosine

Background/Aim: Several efforts have been made to find biomarkers that could help clinicians to preoperatively determine prostate cancer (PCa) pathological characteristics and choose the best therapeutic approach, avoiding overtreatment. On this effort, prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), prostate health index (phi) and sarcosine have been presented as promising tools. We evaluated the ability of these biomarkers to predict the pathologic PCa characteristics within a prospectively collected contemporary cohort of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically localized PCa at a single high-volume Institution. Materials and Methods: The prognostic performance of PCA3, phi and sarcosine were evaluated in 78 patients undergoing RP for biopsy-proven PCa. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses tested the accuracy (area under the curve (AUC)) in predicting PCa pathological characteristics. Decision curve analyses (DCA) were used to assess the clinical benefit of the three biomarkers. Results: We found that PCA3, phi and sarcosine levels were significantly higher in patients with tumor volume (TV) ≥0.5 ml, pathologic Gleason sum (GS) ≥7 and pT3 disease (all p-values ≤0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that phi is an accurate predictor of high-stage (AUC 0.85 [0.77-0.93]), high-grade (AUC 0.83 [0.73-0.93]) and high-volume disease (AUC 0.94 [0.88-0.99]). Sarcosine showed a comparable AUC (0.85 [0.76-0.94]) only for T3 stage prediction, whereas PCA3 score showed lower AUCs, ranging from 0.74 (for GS) to 0.86 (for TV). Conclusion: PCA3, phi and sarcosine are predictors of PCa characteristics at final pathology. Successful clinical translation of these findings would reduce the frequency of surveillance biopsies and may enhance acceptance of active surveillance (AS)