Mining Heterogeneous Multivariate Time-Series for Learning Meaningful Patterns: Application to Home Health Telecare

For the last years, time-series mining has become a challenging issue for researchers. An important application lies in most monitoring purposes, which require analyzing large sets of time-series for learning usual patterns. Any deviation from this learned profile is then considered as an unexpected situation. Moreover, complex applications may involve the temporal study of several heterogeneous parameters. In that paper, we propose a method for mining heterogeneous multivariate time-series for learning meaningful patterns. The proposed approach allows for mixed time-series -- containing both pattern and non-pattern data -- such as for imprecise matches, outliers, stretching and global translating of patterns instances in time. We present the early results of our approach in the context of monitoring the health status of a person at home. The purpose is to build a behavioral profile of a person by analyzing the time variations of several quantitative or qualitative parameters recorded through a provision of sensors installed in the home

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Evolution after the COVID of the invisibility of precarities (ECOVIP): Overview of an action research project to decipher the urban factory of invisibility

Due to weak economies or ill-adapted public policies aggravated by the pandemic, official services dedicated to the unconditional reception and support of people in psychosocial distress in large urban areas are often put to the test. Here is the approach of the action research “Evolution after COVid-19 of the Invisibility of Precarities” (ECOVIP) dedicated to this phenomenon, as well as its first results concerning the precarity of unemployed “young” seniors (50-64 years old) in Lyon, France. This participative research is based on workshops that bring together professionals from both the front-line psychosocial field and other fields such as employment or work, and in which they are offered a free expression of their lived situations of reception of precarious people. The first results provided by the scientific and transparent analysis of these exchanges show both a fairly precise understanding of the institutional decision leading to increasing invisibility, and the emergence of innovative professional resources capable of curbing it.Due to weak economies or ill-adapted public policies aggravated by the pandemic, official services dedicated to the unconditional reception and support of people in psychosocial distress in large urban areas are often put to the test. Here is an overview of the approach of the action research “Evolution after COVid-19 of the Invisibility of Precarities” (ECOVIP) dedicated to this phenomenon, as along with its first steps showing preliminary results concerning the precarity of unemployed pre-old people in Lyon, France.This participative research is based on workshops that bring together professionals from both the front-line psychosocial field and other fields such as employment or work, and in which they are offered a free expression of their lived situations of reception of precarious people. The first results provided by the scientific and transparent analysis of these exchanges show both a fairly precise understanding of the institutional decision leading to increasing invisibility, and the emergence of innovative professional resources capable of curbing it.

Evolution after the COVID of the invisibility of precarities (ECOVIP): Overview of an action research project to decipher the urban factory of invisibility

Due to weak economies or ill-adapted public policies aggravated by the pandemic, official services dedicated to the unconditional reception and support of people in psychosocial distress in large urban areas are often put to the test. Here is the approach of the action research “Evolution after COVid-19 of the Invisibility of Precarities” (ECOVIP) dedicated to this phenomenon, as well as its first results concerning the precarity of unemployed “young” seniors (50-64 years old) in Lyon, France. This participative research is based on workshops that bring together professionals from both the front-line psychosocial field and other fields such as employment or work, and in which they are offered a free expression of their lived situations of reception of precarious people. The first results provided by the scientific and transparent analysis of these exchanges show both a fairly precise understanding of the institutional decision leading to increasing invisibility, and the emergence of innovative professional resources capable of curbing it.Due to weak economies or ill-adapted public policies aggravated by the pandemic, official services dedicated to the unconditional reception and support of people in psychosocial distress in large urban areas are often put to the test. Here is an overview of the approach of the action research “Evolution after COVid-19 of the Invisibility of Precarities” (ECOVIP) dedicated to this phenomenon, as along with its first steps showing preliminary results concerning the precarity of unemployed pre-old people in Lyon, France.This participative research is based on workshops that bring together professionals from both the front-line psychosocial field and other fields such as employment or work, and in which they are offered a free expression of their lived situations of reception of precarious people. The first results provided by the scientific and transparent analysis of these exchanges show both a fairly precise understanding of the institutional decision leading to increasing invisibility, and the emergence of innovative professional resources capable of curbing it.

A Multiagent Approach to Personalization and Assistance to Multiple Persons in a Smart Home

http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/WS/AAAIW14/paper/download/8809/8371&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm2W2ejiuEPthMsyGE4AgBRTA_1HfAInternational audienceLocalization, personalization, activity recognition, and cognitive assistance are key issues in research on smart homes for cognitively impaired people. Most of the current solutions rely on the presence of solely one person in the residence. To actively consider the interaction of the smart home inhabitant with their caregivers, nurses, doctors and people sharing their home, this paper proposes a multi-agent approach to transparently locate, identify, and ease the collaboration between distributed personalization and assistance services. Based on Bayesian filtering localization using anonymous sensors, the multi-person localization process provides information on each occupant presence, either incoming or outgoing. This information is then used for personalization and assistance

What Do Family Caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease Patients Desire in Smart Home Technologies?

Objectives - The authors' aim was to investigate the representations, wishes, and fears of family caregivers (FCs) regarding 14 innovative technologies (IT) for care aiding and burden alleviation, given the severe physical and psychological stress induced by dementia care, and the very slow uptake of these technologies in our society. Methods - A cluster sample survey based on a self-administered questionnaire was carried out on data collected from 270 families of patients with Alzheimer's disease or related disorders, located in the greater Paris area. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used in addition to usual statistical tests to identify homogenous FCs clusters concerning the appreciation or rejection of the considered technologies. Results - Two opposite clusters were clearly defined: FCs in favor of a substantial use of technology, and those rather or totally hostile. Furthermore the distributions of almost all the answers of appreciations were U shaped. Significant relations were demonstrated between IT appreciation and FC's family or gender statuses (e.g., female FCs appreciated more than male FCs a tracking device for quick recovering of wandering patients: p=0.0025, N=195). Conclusions - The study provides further evidence of the contrasted perception of technology in dementia care at home, and suggests the development of public debates based on rigorous assessment of practices and a strict ethical aim to protect against misuse

La personne âgée « assistée technologiquement »: quels défis éthiques?

Dans notre société de plus en plus digitalisée, avons-nous vraiment le choix d’adopter ou non les technologies? Comment cette digitalisation impacte-t-elle les personnes âgées en particulier et son écosystème? Quels sont les enjeux éthiques soulevés par cette digitalisation? Ce texte vise à amener des éléments de réflexions en lien avec ces enjeux selon le point de vue de divers experts des domaines de la technologie, du vieillissement et de la bioéthique. Ces experts se sont rencontrés lors d’un symposium ayant eu lieu à Angers, France, en octobre 2019. Le texte est un compte-rendu des échanges et points de vue de ces experts, ainsi que des discussions ouvertes qu’ils ont eues avec l’assistance, portant sur les principaux enjeux soulevés par cette digitalisation selon la perspective des personnes âgées, des proches-aidants, des soignants, de la société et de la recherche

IA et sujet humain : entre physis et sémiosis

AI and the human subject. On one hand, the activity of interpretation is necessarily performed by an individual subject (for a particular semiotic unit there may be as many nuances of interpretation as there are subjects) ; on the other hand, semiotic interaction takes place as a relation between human subjects. The purpose of this article is to elucidate a meaning of the term "subject" which takes both of these facets into account. Traditionally, cognition is conceived either as a symbol system (cognitivism), or as the result of an adaptive distributed organisation of active or reactive agents (connexionism, distributed-AI, multi-agent systems). This paper seeks an alternative way to model complex cognition, conceived as the product of the relation between two different though inseparable spaces. The first space is that of the individual subject ; its substrate is the body-brain- mind continuum, or physis . The second space is that of plural subjects ; its substrate is the socio-cultural space of systems of signs, or semiosis. The notions of subject and consciousness must be clearly distinguished, but the study of consciousness cannot be dissociated from that of the human subject of consciousness. This leads to the hypothesis that the human subject is a product of language and civilisation as well as of biological functioning. Although in the last resort culture is a product of nature, the cultural aspect of the environment plays a specific role in the construction of the human subject. The cognitive body acquires discursive intelligence, specific to the human kind, only by means of a semiotic environnement encountered at birth. In order to attain the status of a subject, the child must appropriate this environment and at the same time contribute to its construction. Although very broad, this hypothesis need not hinder modelling : it appears both possible and necessary today to design a general, heuristic, qualitative model. The first part of this article reviews the refutation of the fundamental hypotheses of cognitivism and «classical» AI in their attempt to explain human intelligence. This refutation is undertaken by confronting the topics developped by Newell with two non-dualist approaches to mind : one from neuropsychology (Damasio), the other from the philosophy of mind (Dennett). This first part introduces the notion of the subject of conciousness. The second part consists of a theoretical development which aims at establishing the dual determination of the subject's intelligence by both biological and cultural dimensions : the subject cannot be defined by either of these two dimensions alone. These themes are already well worked ; however, this article addresses that part of the AI community which aims at modelling human intelligence, rationality and mind by means of advanced robotics. In this context, it seems important to stress certain fundamental dimensions of human intelligence which the cognivist paradigm has difficulty taking into account, such as semiotic exchange, time, the generation of diversity, and metaphor.L'interprétation étant nécessairement celle d'un sujet et l'interaction sémiotique se déployant entre des sujets humains, le propos de cet article est de donner quelques éléments de précision sur ce que l'on peut entendre par sujet. Plus précisément, entre une cognition structurée comme un système de symboles (cognitivisme) et une cognition émergeant d'une organisation distribuée et auto-adaptative d'agents actifs ou réactifs (connexionisme, IA distribuée), la question se pose de savoir s'il y aurait place pour une cognition complexe se construisant par la relation de deux espaces aussi distincts qu'indissociables : celui du sujet, dont le substrat est le continuum corps-cerveau-esprit, et celui des sujets, dont le substrat est la sémiosis, l'espace socio-culturel des systèmes de signes. En outre, la compréhension de la conscience, ramenée dans le champ de la recherche scientifique par des travaux de plus en plus nombreux, ne peut être dissociée de celle du sujet de cette conscience, bien que les deux termes, sujet et conscience, soient à distinguer clairement. Je développerai l'hypothèse selon laquelle le sujet est le produit des langues et des civilisations autant que d'un appareil sensori-moteur très développé. Bien que la culture soit nécessairement in fine le résultat d'un processus naturel, la part culturelle de l'entour de l'enfant est spécifique de la construction du sujet humain. Le corps cognitif n'acquiert l'intelligence discursive — propre à l'homme — qu'en vertu d'un entour sémiotique qu'il rencontre et doit apprendre à sa naissance pour se constituer en sujet, et qu'il contribuera en retour à construire. Cette hypothèse, pour large qu'elle soit, ne devrait pas freiner le travail du modélisateur : penser un modèle général, heuristique, qualitatif et aux contours nécessairement non définitifs, apparaît aujourd'hui possible et utile. Cet article reprend dans une première partie la réfutation des hypothèses fondamentales du cognitivisme — développée par l'IA classique — dans son entreprise d'explication de l'intelligence humaine. Elle aborde cette réfutation sous l'angle d'une confrontation des thèmes développés par A. Newell avec deux approches non dualistes de l'esprit issues, pour la première de la neuropsychologie (travaux de A. Damasio), pour la seconde de la philosophie de l'esprit (travaux de D. Dennett). Cette première partie est une manière d'introduire la notion de sujet de la conscience, développée dans la seconde partie de l'article. Celle-ci sera consacrée à un cheminement théorique visant à établir la double détermination de l'intelligence du sujet par le biologique et par le culturel, et à montrer que le sujet est indéfinissable au moyen d'un seul des deux déterminants. Cette démarche serait peut-être inutile, compte tenu du nombre déjà important de travaux sur ce thème, si elle ne s'adressait en priorité à une communauté de l'IA confrontée à l'objectif de modéliser l'intelligence, la rationalité, Y esprit humains par le biais d'une robotique avancée. Elle vise alors à rendre à la conceptualisation de l'intelligence humaine les dimensions fondamentales que le cognitivisme conçoit encore difficilement, comme celles de l'échange sémiotique, du temps, des moteurs de diversité et de la métaphore.Rialle Vincent. IA et sujet humain : entre physis et sémiosis. In: Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive, n°23, 1996/2. Le sémiotique. pp. 121-153