On the Difference in Action of the Laser Light with Wavelength Near 2mm on Biotissue in Gas and Water Media

It is shown that unlike action in the air environment, section of the biotissue in the water environment (physiological solution) is performed by the steam-gas stream which is formed as a result of superintensive boiling in thin (about 0.1 mm) a liquid layer in which absorbed laser radiation. Coagulation of the biotissue, adjacent to a section, happens due to heat which is produced via vapor condensation. Keywords: laser radiation in urology, a laser enucleation of the BPH, laser removal of the bladder cancer

Инцидентальный рак предстательной железы

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Engineering of a wheat germ expression system to provide compatibility with a high throughput pET-based cloning platform

Wheat germ cell-free methods provide an important approach for the production of eukaryotic proteins. We have developed a protein expression vector for the TNT® SP6 High-Yield Wheat Germ Cell-Free (TNT WGCF) expression system (Promega) that is also compatible with our T7-based Escherichia coli intracellular expression vector pET15_NESG. This allows cloning of the same PCR product into either one of several pET_NESG vectors and this modified WGCF vector (pWGHisAmp) by In-Fusion LIC cloning (Zhu et al. in Biotechniques 43:354–359, 2007). Integration of these two vector systems allowed us to explore the efficacy of the TNT WGCF system by comparing the expression and solubility characteristics of 59 human protein constructs in both WGCF and pET15_NESG E. coli intracellular expression. While only 30% of these human proteins could be produced in soluble form using the pET15_NESG based system, some 70% could be produced in soluble form using the TNT WGCF system. This high success rate underscores the importance of eukaryotic expression host systems like the TNT WGCF system for eukaryotic protein production in a structural genomics sample production pipeline. To further demonstrate the value of this WGCF system in producing protein suitable for structural studies, we scaled up, purified, and analyzed by 2D NMR two 15N-, 13C-enriched human proteins. The results of this study indicate that the TNT WGCF system is a successful salvage pathway for producing samples of difficult-to-express small human proteins for NMR studies, providing an important complementary pathway for eukaryotic sample production in the NESG NMR structure production pipeline

The Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics

The Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics (CESG) is a “specialized” or “technology development” center supported by the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI). CESG’s mission is to develop improved methods for the high-throughput solution of structures from eukaryotic proteins, with a very strong weighting toward human proteins of biomedical relevance. During the first three years of PSI-2, CESG selected targets representing 601 proteins from Homo sapiens, 33 from mouse, 10 from rat, 139 from Galdieria sulphuraria, 35 from Arabidopsis thaliana, 96 from Cyanidioschyzon merolae, 80 from Plasmodium falciparum, 24 from yeast, and about 25 from other eukaryotes. Notably, 30% of all structures of human proteins solved by the PSI Centers were determined at CESG. Whereas eukaryotic proteins generally are considered to be much more challenging targets than prokaryotic proteins, the technology now in place at CESG yields success rates that are comparable to those of the large production centers that work primarily on prokaryotic proteins. We describe here the technological innovations that underlie CESG’s platforms for bioinformatics and laboratory information management, target selection, protein production, and structure determination by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy

Костный обмен при местно-распространенном и диссеминированном раке предстательной железы

To determine features of the bone metabolism, 65 patients with prostate cancer (PC) were examined. Locally advanced process is determined in 41 patients, disseminated counterpart – in 24 patients. To specify the level of bone metabolism, the level of the osteoporosis markers – osteocalcin and â-cross-laps was measured. The markers level determines activity of the bone metabolism: osteocalcin shows the level of synthesis, â-cross-laps – resorbtion intensity. In locally advanced PC, a significant positive correlation between resorbtion marker and the patients age is observed. An increase in the value of the marker of bone synthesis and time of treatment after surgical castration in patients with locally advanced process is observed. Thus, increase of the bone metabolism is revealed, reliably associated with the age changes and the treatment features in patients with locally advanced PC. The same changes accompany metastatic cancer progression. Based on these observations, the one can conclude, that the bone metabolism alterations in patients with locally advanced and disseminated PC are pathologic and can be measured fairly. Bisphosphonates use, especially those of the last generation (zoledronic acid) is not only justified but is indicated in the locally advanced cancer to prevent progression of the pathologic bone metabolism caused by age and intense hormonal therapy. It will redice a probability of the expansion of the tumor process into the bones and disease progression. In disseminated PC, decrease in the pathologic bone metabolism will also allow to hamper disease progession and reduce the probability of the pathologic manifestations of the skeleton lesion.

ФАКТОРЫ КОСТНОГО ОБМЕНА, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЗОМЕТЫ У БОЛЬНЫХ ДИССЕМИНИРОВАННЫМ РАКОМ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

The efficacy of Zometa has been evaluated in the treatment of patients with disseminated prostate cancer. The use of Zometa as an inhibitor of bone resorption in the presence moderate changes in the activity of bone resorptive processes has shown the highest survival rates.Проведена оценка эффективности препарата Зомета при лечении больных диссеминированным раком предстательной железы. Показано, что применение Зометы в качестве ингибитора костной резорбции на фоне умеренных изменений активности резорбтивных процессов в кости сопровождается наибольшей выживаемостью пациентов

Patterns of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization in complex biological systems

The paper presents the features of calcium oxalate crystallization in the presence of additives revealed through experimental modeling. The patterns of phase formation are shown for the Ca{2+} – C[2]O[4]{ 2–} – H[2]O and Ca{2+} – C[2]O[4]{2–} – PO[4]{3–} – H[2]O systems with the components and pH of the saline varying over a wide concentrations range. The effect of additives on crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate was investigated. It was found that the ionic strength and magnesium ions are inhibitors, and calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite crystals are catalysts of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization. The basic calcium phosphate (apatite) was found to be most thermodynamically stable, which indicates its special role in kidney stone formation since it is found in virtually all stones