Multi-user spatial diversity techniques for wireless communication systems

Multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver, formally known as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have the potential to either increase the data rates through spatial multiplexing or enhance the quality of services through exploitation of diversity. In this thesis, the problem of downlink spatial multiplexing, where a base station (BS) serves multiple users simultaneously in the same frequency band is addressed. Spatial multiplexing techniques have the potential to make huge saving in the bandwidth utilization. We propose spatial diversity techniques with and without the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. We start with proposing improvement to signal-to-leakage ratio (SLR) maximization based spatial multiplexing techniques for both fiat fading and frequency selective channels. [Continues.

POWDER SOLUTION TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

Bioavailability and Solubility are the challenges for the formulation of highly lipophilic drugs. Oral routes of administration is one of the acceptable route due to improved patient compliance and convenience. Regularly newly advanced drug candidates are lipophilic, BCS Class II and IV drugs. Among various methods to improve the solubility of these drugs, liquid-solid technology or Powdered solution technology change the liquid drug into non-sticky, dry free-flowing, rapid release powder. This technique involves mixing of insoluble drug with nonvolatile solvent, admixing of drug-loaded excipients change into loose powder. This technique enhances major challenges like bioavailability with low production cost and a simple manufacturing process

IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY EFFECT ON MCF-7 CELL LINE OF CO-ENCAPSULATED ARTESUNATE AND CURCUMIN LIPOSOME

Objective: Cancer drug delivery has focused using novel carrier system due to their high drug loading and release controlled property and minimum side effect. Artesunate (ART) and curcumin (CUR) are proved natural herbal lead chemotherapeutics used as Chinese and Indian food. But due to its low absorption and the poor bioavailability limits its clinical efficacy. The object of the present work was to investigate the cytotoxic vs apoptotic effect of these herbal lead molecules in the co-encapsulated liposome formulation.Methods: ART and CUR liposome were prepared by thin film hydration method. Because of their opposite solubility nature, ART loaded in the aqueous phase at pH 7.4 while CUR is present in the central core through lipophilic interaction. In vitro cytotoxicity action of the free and liposomal formulation was performed by MTT assay.Results: Physiochemical parameters were evaluated and compared to the co-encapsulated formulation of containing both molecules. The mean diameter around 200 nm, low polydispersity index and co-encapsulation efficiency were found to be 90%. Co-encapsulation in nanometer size is beneficial for uptake and photo-stability of a drug. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of the co-encapsulated formulation was shown a better result than individual drug and also gives the clue for apoptosis. IC50 value for ART, CUR and Liposome was found to be 297.61 µg/ml and 60.60 µg/ml respectively. The result explained the co-encapsulation of curcumin with artesunate is show an ameliorative effect for repositioning therapeutic efficacy of the drug.Conclusion: We observed that human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were relatively resistant to ART and sensitive to CUR. Treatment with ART plus CUR had a synergistic cytotoxic, and apoptotic effect was mediated by up regulation of DR4 and DR5 m RNA expression

Mental Health and Primary Care

Mental ill-health is a leading cause of disability and most people with mental health problems approach their primary care doctors for help. One in four consultations in primary care is mainly due to mental health related issues. Yet mental health hasn’t received due attention so far in primary care setting. The main challenges in taking mental health services at primary care level include limited mental health specialists, low priority given to mental health, Inadequate training and skills of primary care workforce, Inadequate specialists’ support to primary care workers as well as negative attitude and stigma towards metal illness. Investing in work force’s training and education in identifying and managing mental disorders at primary care is the only way forward to address the huge treatment gap exists for mental illness. The use of technology and computers may assist this process further. An example is use of a pragmatic computer assisted diagnostic and treatment tool such as GMHAT/PC. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals need to change their mind-set to work differently by supporting primary care workers, spending more time in training front line workers and taking some leadership in keeping the mental health agenda high up in policy makers’ list

Efficient Isolation of Perfect Matching in O(log n) Genus Bipartite Graphs

We show that given an embedding of an O(log n) genus bipartite graph, one can construct an edge weight function in logarithmic space, with respect to which the minimum weight perfect matching in the graph is unique, if one exists. As a consequence, we obtain that deciding whether such a graph has a perfect matching or not is in SPL. In 1999, Reinhardt, Allender and Zhou proved that if one can construct a polynomially bounded weight function for a graph in logspace such that it isolates a minimum weight perfect matching in the graph, then the perfect matching problem can be solved in SPL. In this paper, we give a deterministic logspace construction of such a weight function for O(log n) genus bipartite graphs

DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ARTESUNATE AND CURCUMIN IN LIPOSOMAL FORMULATION

The present study is very expectant towards the development of co-encapsulated liposomal formulation. The assay method for artesunate has a challenge because it doesnot have a readily recognisable absorption chromophore needed for UV spectroscopy. Curcumin, a lipid soluble antioxidant, exhibits solvent and medium sensitive absorption and fluorescence properties. A simple and rapid method involving two reaction steps has been developed for assay of artesunate and curcumin combination in liposomal formulation. Stock solution of artesunate and curcumin were diluted to final concentration of 10 µg/ml. The UV scan of 10 µg/ml solution of artesunate and curcumin combinations showed the absorbtion maxima at 240 nm and 425 nm respectively. The coloured complex obeyed the Beer's law in the concentration range of 2-20 µg/ml. The above methods is rapid tool for routine analysis of artesunate and curcumin in novel carrier system. The recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and precision of the methods. Keywords: Artesunate, Curcumin, Liposomal

Protein landmarks for diversity assessment in wheat genotypes

Grain proteins from 20 Indian wheat genotypes were evaluated for diversity assessment based seed storage protein profiling on sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Genetic diversity was evaluated using Nei’s index, Shannon index and Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis by constructing dendrogram of fractions of proteins, which were used for the calculation of similarity coefficients between these varieties. Diversity analysis attributes exhibited the importance of seed storage as a marker system. The similarity ranged from 32.14% to as high as 100% between genotypes. Adoption of this technology would be useful to plant protection regulatory systems, especially for plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties, breeding programs and protection purposes.Keywords: Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), genetic diversity, population diversity index, coefficient of similarity.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(29), pp. 4640-464