19 research outputs found
Characterization of Low-k SiOCH Dielectric for 45nm Technology and Link between the Dominant Leakage Path and the Breakdown Localization
International audienc
Characterization of low-k SiOCH dielectric for 45nm technology and link between the dominant leakage path and the breakdown localization
International audienc
Evolution of the lifetime model based on the Poole-Frenkel conduction for the SiOCH low-k dielectric used for the sub 65nm technologies
International audienc
Copper-Line Topology Impact on the Reliability of SiOCH Low-k for the 45-nm Technology Node and Beyond
International audienceSiOCH low-k dielectrics introduction in copper interconnects associated to the critical dimensions reduction in sub-45-nm node technologies is a challenge for reliability engineers. Circuit wear-out linked to low-k dielectric breakdown is now becoming a major concern. With line-to-line spacing reduction, the control of the line shape and of the spacing uniformity within a wafer is becoming first-order parameters governing the low-k dielectric reliability. Improving the low-k reliability requires to discriminate each topological effect and to quantify its impact on the lifetime at product level. This paper demonstrates that the copper line shape induces a preferential breakdown of the dielectric close to the SiOCH/SiCN capping even at nominal voltage. The impact of the line edge roughness is studied with the introduction of a simple analytical model. Moreover, the impact of the roughness on the product lifetime has been quantified. It is demonstrated. that the line-to-fine spacing variation is less critical at the operational voltage than at high voltage stress. Finally, the impact of the spacing uniformity within the wafer and from wafer to wafer (reflecting the spacing fluctuation from product to product) on the Weibull shape is quantified and reported to be voltage-dependent in agreement with the experimental detail
Copper line topology impact on the reliability of SiOCH low-k dielectrics for the advanced 45nm technology node and
International audienc
3D Printing Cellulose Hydrogels Using LASER Induced Thermal Gelation
A 3D printer was developed for the 3D printing of cellulose hydrogels using open source
software and simple 3D printer hardware. Using a temperature-based sol-gel transition of cellulose
dissolved in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and urea, a three-dimensional gel
can be created by moving a focused laser beam across a bath of the cellulose solution and lowering
the print stage after every layer. A line width of 100â150 ”m and layer thickness of 25 ”m of the
printed part could be achieved. No delamination between printed layers occurred and no additional
support material was needed to create free hanging structures due to suspending the printed part in
printing liquid. By adding cellulose powder to the solution, the gelation temperature, the gel strength
and stiffness can be manipulated while maintaining a high internal porosity of the gel. A laser
power of 100 mW was found to produce the highest quality print with an accurate representation
of the previously designed part. Lower power settings (80 mW) produced insufficient gelation and
as a result reduced print accuracy while higher power settings (120 mW) caused the gel to bur
3D Printing Cellulose Hydrogels Using LASER Induced Thermal Gelation
A 3D printer was developed for the 3D printing of cellulose hydrogels using open source software and simple 3D printer hardware. Using a temperature-based sol-gel transition of cellulose dissolved in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and urea, a three-dimensional gel can be created by moving a focused laser beam across a bath of the cellulose solution and lowering the print stage after every layer. A line width of 100–150 µm and layer thickness of 25 µm of the printed part could be achieved. No delamination between printed layers occurred and no additional support material was needed to create free hanging structures due to suspending the printed part in printing liquid. By adding cellulose powder to the solution, the gelation temperature, the gel strength and stiffness can be manipulated while maintaining a high internal porosity of the gel. A laser power of 100 mW was found to produce the highest quality print with an accurate representation of the previously designed part. Lower power settings (80 mW) produced insufficient gelation and as a result reduced print accuracy while higher power settings (120 mW) caused the gel to burn
Dense SiOC cap for damage-less ultra low k integration with direct CMP in C45 architecture and beyond
International audienc