Representaciones sociales de los movimientos de acción colectiva de la minga indígena del Cauca: Una mirada desde los medios digitales de El Tiempo y de El Espectador 2020

Analizar el contenido creado por los medios de comunicación digitales El Tiempo y El Espectador en 2020 sobre los movimientos de acción colectiva de la minga indígena para determinar la legitimidad desde la cual se representan las comunidades en la prensa nacional.Para comprender de manera general la representación de los movimientos sociales por parte de los medios digitales, es trascendental conocer el contexto social en el que se encuentran las minorías en específico la Minga 2020, puesto que son los pueblos indígenas quienes han tenido que movilizarse por sus derechos, su identidad y su territorio. Por este motivo resulta vital entender cómo los medios generan contenido frente a esta acción colectiva, dado que logran que la audiencia cree un imaginario frente a la lucha social. En ese sentido, la presente investigación tiene como fin analizar cómo El Tiempo, El Espectador, CRIC y ONIC, han abordado la Minga indígena del año 2020. Por lo que es necesario realizar un análisis de contenido cualitativo de tipo etnometodológico, en el cual se emplea el rastreo de información de las noticias emitidas en diversos contextos frente al movimiento y se elige las noticias de los medios a analizar como fuente documental para generar la investigación. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo una triangulación teórica entre los medios digitales, los medios propios de los indígenas y la teoría de acción colectiva mediante un cuadro comparativo que permite entender cómo se está representando a la Minga en los medios seleccionados y explicar el por qué esta lucha corresponde a una acción colectiva. El resultado relevante en esta investigación es que los medios abordados manejan en parte la subjetividad ante el tema de la Minga 2020 ofreciendo contenido, el cual queda a la interpretación de cada receptor, cabe mencionar que estos medios representan en su mayoría de manera positiva las acciones de la Minga indígena.To understand the representation of the social movements, in general terms by part of the digital media, it’s important to know the social context of the minorities, in specific, the Minga 2020, because the natives towns have had to fight for their rights, identity and territory. By this way, it’s totally important to understand how the media create content about this collective action, because they achieve that the audience gain an imaginary about social fight. In that way, the present investigation has by objective to analyze how El Tiempo, El Espectador, CRIC and ONIC, had investigated la Minga indígena 2020. Is necessary to analyze the ethnomethodological qualitative content, that use the information tracking about the news in different contexts about the movement and it’ll be chosen the news in the media to analyze as documentary source to generate the investigation. Subsequently, it was made a theory triangulation between the digital media, the media that is made by the natives and the theory of the collective action through a comparative scheme that allows understanding how the Minga is being represented in the media selected and explaining why this fight corresponds to a collective action. The relevant result in this investigation is that the selected media use the subjectivity with the Minga 2020 offering content, that has to be interpreted by the receiver, it has to be mentioned that this media represents the positive actions about the Minga

Influence of DNA-Polymorphisms in Selected Circadian Clock Genes on Clock Gene Expression in Subjects from the General Population and Their Association with Sleep Duration

Background and Objectives: Circadian rhythms have an important implication in numerous physiological and metabolic processes, including the sleep/wake cycle. Inter-individual differences in factors associated with circadian system may be due to gene differences in gene expression. Although several studies have analyzed the association between DNA polymorphisms and circadian variables, the influence on gene expression has been poorly analyzed. Our goal was to analyze the association of genetic variations in the clock genes and the gene expression level. Materials and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 102 adults (50.9% women). RNA and DNA were isolated from blood and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the main circadian clock genes were determined. Gene expression of CLOCK, PER1, and VRK2 genes was measured by Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The association between the DNA-SNPs and gene expression was analyzed at the gene level. In addition, a polygenic risk score (PRS), including all the significant SNPs related to gene expression, was created for each gene. Multivariable model analysis was performed. Results: Sex-specific differences were detected in PER1 expression, with these being higher in women (p = 0.034). No significant differences were detected in clock genes expression and lifestyle variables. We observed a significant association between the ARNTL-rs7924734, ARNTL-rs10832027, VRK2- rs2678902 SNPs, and CLOCK gene expression; the PER3-rs228642 and PER3-rs10127838 were related to PER1 expression, and the ARNTL-rs10832027, ARNTL-rs11022778, and MNTR1B-rs10830963 were associated with VRK2 gene expression (p < 0.05). The specific PRS created was significantly associated with each of the gene expressions analyzed (p < 0.001). Finally, sleep duration was associated with PER3-rs238666 (p = 0.008) and CLOCK-rs4580704 (p = 0.023). Conclusion: We detected significant associations between DNA-SNPs in the clock genes and their gene expression level in leukocytes and observed some differences in gene expression per sex. Moreover, we reported for the first time an association between clock gene polymorphisms and CLOCK, PER1, and VRK2 gene expression. These findings need further investigation

It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway: a worldwide cross-sectional survey

Background The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants' perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The survey was open from May 22, 2021, and June 22, 2021. Three reminders were sent, after 7, 14, and 21 days. Results Three hundred four respondents from 72 countries returned a questionnaire, with an overall response rate of 21.2%. Respectively, 90.4% and 68.8% of participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary IPC team or a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team. Local protocols for antimicrobial therapy of surgical infections and protocols for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were present in 76.6% and 90.8% of hospitals, respectively. In 23.4% and 24.0% of hospitals no surveillance systems for surgical site infections and no monitoring systems of used antimicrobials were implemented. Patient and family involvement in IPC management was considered to be slightly or not important in their hospital by the majority of respondents (65.1%). Awareness of the global burden of AMR among HCWs was considered very important or important by 54.6% of participants. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered by 80.3% of respondents as a very important or important factor in raising HCWs awareness of the IPC programs in their hospital. Based on the survey results, the authors developed 15 statements for several questions regarding the prevention and management of infections in surgery. The statements may be the starting point for designing future evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion Adequacy of prevention and management of infections in acute care facilities depends on HCWs behaviours and on the organizational characteristics of acute health care facilities to support best practices and promote behavioural change. Patient involvement in the implementation of IPC is still little considered. A debate on how operationalising a fundamental change to IPC, from being solely the HCWs responsibility to one that involves a collaborative relationship between HCWs and patients, should be opened

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Surviving in semi-arid environments : functional coordination and trade-offs in shrubs from Argentina

Human action has led to an increase in aridification, making water a progressively scarcer resource. In angiosperms, different species resolve this challenge in diverse ways, mainly through modifications of the xylem network, which is responsible for water efficiency and safety. Xerophytes generally show similar characteristics, but exceptions are rather frequent. One possible explanation for this lack of similarity among cohabiting species is that trade-offs and/or functional coordination between their organs occur and shape alternative survival strategies. Studying species that inhabit a common area can help to identify key traits that determine those diverse strategies and to predict which species might tolerate further environmental change. We here examined the morpho-anatomical wood and bark traits of a group of species that live in a seasonally dry environment in Argentina. In a previous study, we described the leaf traits of these species and we thus aim to complement our findings and outline their strategies to manage water deficits. Our results show that there are different degrees of xeromorphism within this group. Clear xeromorphic traits, such as high vessel frequency and small diameter, were found in most species. However, some presented traits that were appropriate for mesic environments. An overview of leaf and wood traits indicates that the absence of a typical xeric characteristic in the wood might be compensated by the presence of a xeric leaf trait, and vice versa. Collectively, these trait combinations allow these species to survive in dry conditions and could influence their tolerance to increasing aridity

Factores de riesgo asociados con la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en adultos de Bucaramanga, Colombia

Objetivo. Cuantificar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y su asociación con edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico e índice de masa corporal. Material y métodos. Encuesta transversal, de base poblacional, hecha en 1996, en una muestra aleatoria de 356 adultos superscript three 20 años de edad, residentes en Bucaramanga, Colombia, en quienes se midieron peso, talla y presión arterial y se consideraron edad y sexo. Se usaron regresión lineal robusta y regresión binomial para estimar el efecto independiente de distintas variables sobre presión sistólica (PS), presión diastólica (PD) e hipertensión arterial (HTA). Resultados. Las medias de PS y PD fueron significativamente mayores en hombres (122.5 y 88.1 mmHg) que en mujeres (117.2 y 75.4 mmHg). La PS ajustada aumentó con la edad, mas en hombres que en mujeres, la PD no cambió significativamente con la edad. Por cada aumento de un kg/m² la PS y la PD aumentaron 0.76 y 0.69 mmHg, respectivamente. Participantes de estrato socioeconómico bajo tuvieron una PS 6.8 y una PD 9.8 mmHg mayor que los del nivel alto. La prevalencia ajustada de HTA (PHTA) aumentó con la edad siendo mayor en los superscript three50 años que en los de 20 a 30. El sexo no tuvo efecto sobre la PHTA (p=0.795). Por cada aumento de un kg/m² la PHTA aumentó 3% y las personas del estrato socioeconómico bajo tuvieron una PHTA 1.84 veces mayor que las del alto. Conclusiones. La PHTA fue alta. Existe gran potencial para la prevención controlando el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Es necesario corroborar con nuevos estudios el aumento de la prevalencia en el estrato socioeconómico bajo e identificar sus causas

Association between Microbiome-Related Human Genetic Variants and Fasting Plasma Glucose in a High-Cardiovascular-Risk Mediterranean Population

Background and Objectives: The gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a relevant factor associated with metabolic diseases. However, directly measuring the microbiota composition is a limiting factor for several studies. Therefore, using genetic variables as proxies for the microbiota composition is an important issue. Landmark microbiome&ndash;host genome-wide association studies (mbGWAS) have identified many SNPs associated with gut microbiota. Our aim was to analyze the association between relevant microbiome-related genetic variants (Mi-RSNPs) and fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population, exploring the interaction with Mediterranean diet adherence. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a high-cardiovascular-risk Mediterranean population (n = 1020), analyzing the association of Mi-RSNPs (from four published mbGWAS) with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. A single-variant approach was used for fitting fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes to a multivariable regression model. In addition, a Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple variants was performed as a sub-study. Results: We obtained several associations between Mi-RSNPs and fasting plasma glucose involving gut Gammaproteobacteria_HB, the order Rhizobiales, the genus Rumminococcus torques group, and the genus Tyzzerella as the top ranked. For type 2 diabetes, we also detected significant associations with Mi-RSNPs related to the order Rhizobiales, the family Desulfovibrionaceae, and the genus Romboutsia. In addition, some Mi-RSNPs and adherence to Mediterranean diet interactions were detected. Lastly, the formal Mendelian randomization analysis suggested combined effects. Conclusions: Although the use of Mi-RSNPs as proxies of the microbiome is still in its infancy, and although this is the first study analyzing such associations with fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population, some interesting associations, as well as modulations, with adherence to the Mediterranean diet were detected in these high-cardiovascular-risk subjects, eliciting new hypotheses

Single and Combined Associations of Plasma and Urine Essential Trace Elements (Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn) with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

Trace elements are micronutrients that are required in very small quantities through diet but are crucial for the prevention of acute and chronic diseases. Despite the fact that initial studies demonstrated inverse associations between some of the most important essential trace elements (Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn) and cardiovascular disease, several recent studies have reported a direct association with cardiovascular risk factors due to the fact that these elements can act as both antioxidants and pro-oxidants, depending on several factors. This study aims to investigate the association between plasma and urine concentrations of trace elements and cardiovascular risk factors in a general population from the Mediterranean region, including 484 men and women aged 18&ndash;80 years and considering trace elements individually and as joint exposure. Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn were determined in plasma and urine using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Single and combined analysis of trace elements with plasma lipid, blood pressure, diabetes, and anthropometric variables was undertaken. Principal component analysis, quantile-based g-computation, and calculation of trace element risk scores (TERS) were used for the combined analyses. Models were adjusted for covariates. In single trace element models, we found statistically significant associations between plasma Se and increased total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure; plasma Cu and increased triglycerides and body mass index; and urine Zn and increased glucose. Moreover, in the joint exposure analysis using quantile g-computation and TERS, the combined plasma levels of Zn, Cu, Se (directly), and Mn (inversely) were strongly associated with hypercholesterolemia (OR: 2.03; 95%CI: 1.37&ndash;2.99; p &lt; 0.001 per quartile increase in the g-computation approach). The analysis of urine mixtures revealed a significant relationship with both fasting glucose and diabetes (OR: 1.91; 95%CI: 1.01&ndash;3.04; p = 0.046). In conclusion, in this Mediterranean population, the combined effect of higher plasma trace element levels (primarily Se, Cu, and Zn) was directly associated with elevated plasma lipids, whereas the mixture effect in urine was primarily associated with plasma glucose. Both parameters are relevant cardiovascular risk factors, and increased trace element exposures should be considered with caution