Propuesta de mejora de la gestión administrativa de la comisión de usuarios del sub sector hidráulico San Idelfonso, Virú, 2022

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional fue mejorar la gestión de la administración de la Comisión de Usuarios del Subsector Hidráulico San Idelfonso, Virú, 2022, dado que a la fecha no contaba con una clara definición de su misión, visión, estructura organización, ni un manual de organización y funciones; ante ello, se utilizó los conocimientos académicos adquiridos en la carrera profesional de Administración, para formular dichos aspectos necesarios en toda organización. Esta organización es una Comisión de Usuarios, considerada como personas jurídica conformada por usuarios organizados en comisiones y comités de usuarios, usualmente empleado en el sector hidráulico, recurso destinado principalmente para la agricultura en nuestro país. Como primer punto, se realizará la formulación de la misión y visión, para ello, se tuvo una reunión previa con la junta directiva de la Comisión. Además, como segundo punto, se realizará la reformulación de la estructura orgánica mediante la propuesta de un organigrama. Y, como tercer punto, proponer un Manual de Organización y Funciones [MOF] para los principales miembros de la Comisión, aportando así un mejor ordenamiento de la gestión administrativa de esta organización. Finalmente, se consiguió la propuesta de mejora de la gestión de la administración de la comisión de usuarios del subsector hidráulico san Idelfonso, Virú, 2022

Gestión de la infraestructura, equipamiento y servicio de la sala de partos en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia- 2015

La investigación abordó la relación de la gestión de la infraestructura, equipamiento y el servicio de la sala de partos en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia 2015. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la gestión y el servicio de la Sala de Partos en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia 2015. El tipo de estudio en que se desarrolló correspondió al descriptivo-correlacional, dentro del enfoque cuantitativo. La población lo conformaron 50 trabajadores del Servicio de Sala de Partos del Hospital Cayetano Heredia, la muestra final fue de 33 trabajadores y se hizo un muestreo probabilístico estratificado al azar. La técnica para recolectar la percepción de la muestra fue la encuesta y el instrumento correspondió al cuestionario, las preguntas fueron cerradas y politómicas (escala de Likert), donde 59 preguntas correspondió a la variable gestión y 30 preguntas a la variable servicio. La confiabilidad de los instrumentos se hizo bajo el estadístico Alfa de Cronbach, alcanzando un valor de .933 para la variable gestión y .985 para la variable servicio, estableciendo en ambos casos una fuerte confiabilidad. El estudio concluyó que la gestión se relaciona significativamente con el servicio de la Sala de Partos en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia 2015

La fusión bancaria en Venezuela. Importancia de las TIC en la banca universal y microfinanciera nacional

With the effective coming of the Law of Banking Sector Institutions in 2010, it is expected to be produced changes and fusions of banks into the universal bank model, by which all financial operations and related intermediation services are performed and microfinance bank model where the primary purpose is to promote, fund and stimulate activities of products and services for small industrial and commercial enterprises as the popular economic alternative. In this sense, the objective of this article is the analysis of the fusion in Venezuelan banks and the importance of information and communications technologies (ICT) as a resource that streamlines the fusion process and its relevant application in universal and microfinance banking. In the methodology were reviewed documentary and electronic sources, performing a qualitative and descriptive study of current Venezuelan bank. The results confirm that the fusion in Venezuela banking is a process regulated by the state, which involved both technological resources as a factor that streamlines the process of fusion and strategy for the smooth operations of financial intermediation. In the conclusions, it is indicated that in the new scenarios in the Venezuelan banking sector, technology innovations are deployed as instruments that generate new business options and that its implementation is a challenge of the Venezuelan banking sector to offer to all the users, a wide range of financial products and services, which are made with flexibility, agility and comfort in what today the society demands.Con la entrada en vigencia de la Ley de Instituciones del Sector Bancario en el año 2010, se prevé que se produzcan transformaciones y fusiones de bancos bajo los modelos de banca universal, por la cual se realizan todas las operaciones de intermediación financiera y sus servicios conexos y de banca microfinanciera cuyo objeto principal es fomentar, financiar y promover las actividades de producción de bienes y servicios de las pequeñas empresas industriales y comerciales, de los microempresarios y microempresas y de la economía popular alternativa. En tal sentido, el objetivo del presente artículo es el análisis de la fusión en las entidades bancarias venezolanas y la importancia de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) como recurso que dinamiza el proceso de fusión así como su relevante aplicación en la banca universal y microfinanciera. En cuanto a la metodología se revisaron fuentes documentales y electrónicas, realizándose una investigación descriptiva y cualitativa de la actualidad bancaria venezolana. Los resultados permiten afirmar que la fusión bancaria en Venezuela es un proceso regulado por el Estado, en el cual intervienen los recursos tecnológicos tanto como factor que dinamiza el proceso de fusión como de herramientas estratégicas para la fluidez de las operaciones de intermediación financiera. Como conclusiones se señala que en los nuevos escenarios de la banca venezolana se despliegan las innovaciones tecnológicas como instrumentos que generan nuevas opciones de negocios y que su aplicación constituye desafío del sector bancario venezolano para ofrecer a los usuarios un amplio catálogo de productos y servicios financieros, realizadas hoy día con flexibilidad, agilidad y la comodidad que demanda la sociedad actual

Exéresis de odontoma complejo mediante osteotomía sagital de rama. Reporte de un caso

The odontoma is a benign tumor that comes from an alteration of differentiated epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic cells capable of forming enamel, dentin and cement. The etiology is unknown, but it has been associated with infections, inherited abnormalities, odontoblastic hyperactivity and trauma. To small or average odontoma size, the acceptable treatment is tumor exeresis. The problem arises with large odontomas, whose removal involves the sacrifice of large amounts of bone, the potential for mandibular fracture and damage to the inferior alveolar nerve. To avoid these treatment complications, Rittersma and Van Gool introduced in 1979 the use of the sagittal-cut osteotomy technique of mandibular ramus. We report the case of a 37-year-old male patient, with no contributory systemic history, who presented increased volume of left side face associated with pain and purulent secretion; clinical, imaging and histopathological examinations were performed, arriving at the diagnosis of infected complex odontoma. It was successfully treated via sagittal osteotomy technique of the mandibular ramus at Hipólito Unanue Hospital´s Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Lima-Peru.El odontoma es un tumor benigno originado a partir de una alteración de células odontogénicas epiteliales y mesenquimatosas diferenciadas con capacidad de formar esmalte, dentina y cemento, siendo la diferencia entre ambos la organización del tejido dentario. La etiología es desconocida pero se ha asociado a infecciones, anomalías hereditarias, hiperactividad odontoblástica y traumatismos. Cuando el odontoma es de tamaño pequeño o promedio, el tratamiento aceptable es la exéresis del tumor. El problema surge con los odontomas grandes, cuya extirpación implica el sacrificio de grandes cantidades de hueso, el potencial de fractura mandibular y el daño del nervio alveolar inferior. Para evitar estas complicaciones en la extirpación de tumores grandes en la mandíbula, Rittersma y van Gool introdujeron en 1979 el uso de la técnica de osteotomía sagital de rama mandibular para tratar esta patología. Se reporta el caso de un paciente varón de 37 años, sin antecedentes sistémicos, que presentó aumento de volumen de hemicara izquierda asociado a dolor y secreción purulenta, se realizó los exámenes clínicos, imagenológico e histopatológicos, llegando al diagnóstico de odontoma complejo infectado. Fue tratado con la técnica osteotomía sagital de rama mandibular exitosamente en el servicio de cirugía bucal y maxilofacial del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue, Lima-Perú

Spatial Distribution of Taenia solium Porcine Cysticercosis within a Rural Area of Mexico

Cysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium, a parasitic disease that affects humans and rurally bred pigs in developing countries. The cysticercus may localize in the central nervous system of the human, causing neurocysticercosis, the most severe and frequent form of the disease. There appears to be an association between the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and domestic pigs that wander freely and have access to human feces. In order to assess whether the risk of cysticercosis infection is clustered or widely dispersed in a limited rural area, a spatial analysis of rural porcine cysticercosis was applied to 13 villages of the Sierra de Huautla in Central Mexico. Clustering of cases in specific households would indicate tapeworm carriers in the vicinity, whereas their dispersal would suggest that the ambulatory habits of both humans and pigs contribute to the spread of cysticercosis. A total of 562 pigs were included in this study (August–December 2003). A global positioning system was employed in order to plot the geographic distribution of both cysticercotic pigs and risk factors for infection within the villages. Prevalence of pig tongue cysticercosis varied significantly in sampled villages (p = 0.003), ranging from 0% to 33.3% and averaging 13.3%. Pigs were clustered in households, but no differences in the clustering of cysticercotic and healthy pigs were found. In contrast, the presence of pigs roaming freely and drinking stagnant water correlated significantly with porcine cysticercosis (p = 0.07), as did the absence of latrines (p = 0.0008). High prevalence of porcine cysticercosis proves that transmission is still quite common in rural Mexico. The lack of significant differentiation in the geographical clustering of healthy and cysticercotic pigs weakens the argument that focal factors (e.g., household location of putative tapeworm carriers) play an important role in increasing the risk of cysticercosis transmission in pigs. Instead, it would appear that other wide-ranging biological, physical, and cultural factors determine the geographic spread of the disease. Extensive geographic dispersal of the risk of cysticercosis makes it imperative that control measures be applied indiscriminately to all pigs and humans living in this endemic area

Can the pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) gene be used as an additional marker to discriminate among Blastocystis strains or subtypes?

Background Blastocystis spp. are the most prevalent intestinal eukaryotes identified in humans, with at least 17 genetic subtypes (ST) based on genes coding for the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S). It has been argued that the 18S gene should not be the marker of choice to discriminate between STs of these strains because this marker exhibits high intra-genomic polymorphism. By contrast, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) is a relevant enzyme involved in the core energy metabolism of many anaerobic microorganisms such as Blastocystis, which, in other protozoa, shows more polymorphisms than the 18S gene and thus may offer finer discrimination when trying to identify Blastocystis ST. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the suitability of the PFOR gene as an additional marker to discriminate among Blastocystis strains or subtypes from symptomatic carrier children. Methods Faecal samples from 192 children with gastrointestinal symptoms from the State of Mexico were submitted for coprological study. Twenty-one of these samples were positive only for Blastocystis spp.; these samples were analysed by PCR sequencing of regions of the 18S and PFOR genes. The amplicons were purified and sequenced; afterwards, both markers were assessed for genetic diversity. Results The 18S analysis showed the following frequencies of Blastocystis subtypes: ST3 = 43%; ST1 = 38%; ST2 = 14%; and ST7 = 5%. Additionally, using subtype-specific primer sets, two samples showed mixed Blastocystis ST1 and ST2 infection. For PFOR, Bayesian inference revealed the presence of three clades (I-III); two of them grouped different ST samples, and one grouped six samples of ST3 (III). Nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype polymorphism (θ) for the 18S analysis were similar for ST1 and ST2 (π = ~0.025 and θ = ~0.036); remarkably, ST3 showed almost 10-fold lower values. For PFOR, a similar trend was found: clade I and II had π = ~0.05 and θ = ~0.05, whereas for clade III, the values were almost 6-fold lower. Conclusions Although the fragment of the PFOR gene analysed in the present study did not allow discrimination between Blastocystis STs, this marker grouped the samples in three clades with strengthened support, suggesting that PFOR may be under different selective pressures and evolutionary histories than the 18S gene. Interestingly, the ST3 sequences showed lower variability with probable purifying selection in both markers, meaning that evolutionary forces drive differential processes among Blastocystis STs

Development of an Oral Vaccine for the Control of Cysticercosis

Parasitic diseases fecally transmitted, such taeniasis/cysticercosis Taenia solium binomial, represent a health problem whose incidence continues due to the prevalence of inadequate sanitary conditions, particularly in developing countries. When the larval stage of the parasite is established in the central nervous system causes neurocysticercosis a disease than can severely affect human health. It can also affect pigs causing cysticercosis causing economic losses. Since pigs are obligatory intermediate hosts, they have been considered as the targets for vaccination to interrupt the transmission of the parasitosis and eventually reduce the disease. Progress has been made in the development of vaccines for the prevention of porcine cysticercosis. In our research group, three peptides have been identified that, expressed synthetically (S3Pvac) or recombinantly (S3Pvac-phage), reduced the amount of cysticerci by 98.7% and 87%, respectively, in pigs exposed to natural conditions of infection. Considering that cysticercosis is orally acquired, it seems feasible to develop an edible vaccine, which could be administered by the pig farmers, simplifying the logistical difficulties of its application, reducing costs, and facilitating the implementation of vaccination programs. This chapter describes the most important advances towards the development of an oral vaccine against porcine cysticercosis

Coordinadores, agentes de transformación educativa : reflexiones y provocaciones sobre la gestión educativa, desde el rol del Directivo Docente Coordinador Investigador

170 páginasEste libro pretende ser un aporte a la investigación sobre la incidencia de la gestión y liderazgo pedagógico del directivo docente coordinador en el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa de las instituciones oficiales de educación básica y media del país. En consecuencia, la Red de Directivos Docentes Coordinadores Investigadores (RED-DDCI) pretende en esta publicación, dar a conocer la trayectoria de la red, las razones de su creación y dinamización, así como, las experiencias de innovación, investigación y los ejercicios de reflexión sobre la propia práctica liderados por coordinadores, a fin de constituirse en un referente que aporte al mejoramiento de otras instituciones e incida desde la investigación en la política pública educativa, en pro del mejoramiento del servicio. Desde esta perspectiva, la publicación se constituye en un aporte a la visibilización social del coordinador como un actor clave en la materialización de los proyectos educativos institucionales, ya que en la práctica profesional y en las dinámicas de la cultura institucional, es el coordinador quien viabiliza la puesta en marcha de los planes y proyectos escolares. Se podría afirmar que la ejecución de los asuntos de orden pedagógico, convivencial, comunitario y organizativo cuentan con la participación del coordinador de manera significativa

Characterization of S3Pvac Anti-Cysticercosis Vaccine Components: Implications for the Development of an Anti-Cestodiasis Vaccine

Background: Cysticercosis and hydatidosis seriously affect human health and are responsible for considerable economic loss in animal husbandry in non-developed and developed countries. S3Pvac and EG95 are the only field trial-tested vaccine candidates against cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. S3Pvac is composed of three peptides (KETc1, GK1 and KETc12), originally identified in a Taenia crassiceps cDNA library. S3Pvac synthetically and recombinantly expressed is effective against experimentally and naturally acquired cysticercosis.Methodology/ Principal Findings: In this study, the homologous sequences of two of the S3Pvac peptides, GK1 and KETc1, were identified and further characterized in Taenia crassiceps WFU, Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Comparisons of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences coding for KETc1 and GK1 revealed significant homologies in these species. The predicted secondary structure of GK1 is almost identical between the species, while some differences were observed in the C terminal region of KETc1 according to 3D modeling. A KETc1 variant with a deletion of three C-terminal amino acids protected to the same extent against experimental murine cysticercosis as the entire peptide. on the contrary, immunization with the truncated GK1 failed to induce protection. Immunolocalization studies revealed the non stage-specificity of the two S3Pvac epitopes and their persistence in the larval tegument of all species and in Taenia adult tapeworms.Conclusions/ Significance: These results indicate that GK1 and KETc1 may be considered candidates to be included in the formulation of a multivalent and multistage vaccine against these cestodiases because of their enhancing effects on other available vaccine candidates