Building an ontology catalogue for smart cities

Apart from providing semantics and reasoning power to data, ontologies enable and facilitate interoperability across heterogeneous systems or environments. A good practice when developing ontologies is to reuse as much knowledge as possible in order to increase interoperability by reducing heterogeneity across models and to reduce development effort. Ontology registries, indexes and catalogues facilitate the task of finding, exploring and reusing ontologies by collecting them from different sources. This paper presents an ontology catalogue for the smart cities and related domains. This catalogue is based on curated metadata and incorporates ontology evaluation features. Such catalogue represents the first approach within this community and it would be highly useful for new ontology developments or for describing and annotating existing ontologies

Ecuaciones diferenciales y en diferencias aplicadas a los conceptos económicos y financieros

This paper deals with the use of differential equations and finite difference methods for solving several problems in the field of Economics and Business Administration. Economics usually needs to study the evolution of the values which are taken by a given variable in different moments. If the time variable works in a continuous way, its evolution is studied by differential equations. Otherwise, time is a discrete variable and finite difference methods must be used. In addition, to expound the evolution of the notions of differential and difference equations, the goal of this paper is to show a general view (but not comprehensive) of their many applications for explaining economical and financial phenomena

Pharmacological Nature of the Purinergic P2Y Receptor Subtypes That Participate in the Blood Pressure Changes Produced by ADPβS in Rats

Purine nucleosides (adenosine) and nucleotides such as adenosine mono/di/triphosphate (AMP/ADP/ATP) may produce complex cardiovascular responses. For example, adenosine-5′-(β-thio)-diphosphate (ADPβS; a stable synthetic analogue of ADP) can induce vasodilatation/vasodepressor responses by endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms involving purinergic P2Y receptors; however, the specific subtypes participating in these responses remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the receptor subtypes mediating the blood pressure changes induced by intravenous bolus of ADPβS in male Wistar rats in the absence and presence of central mechanisms with the antagonists MRS2500 (P2Y1), PSB0739 (P2Y12), and MRS2211 (P2Y13). For this purpose, 120 rats were divided into 60 anaesthetised rats and 60 pithed rats, and further subdivided into four groups (n = 30 each), namely: (a) anaesthetised rats, (b) anaesthetised rats with bilateral vagotomy, (c) pithed rats, and (d) pithed rats continuously infused (intravenously) with methoxamine (an α1-adrenergic agonist that restores systemic vascular tone). We observed, in all four groups, that the immediate decreases in diastolic blood pressure produced by ADPβS were exclusively mediated by peripheral activation of P2Y1 receptors. Nevertheless, the subsequent increases in systolic blood pressure elicited by ADPβS in pithed rats infused with methoxamine probably involved peripheral activation of P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors.</p

Pharmacological Nature of the Purinergic P2Y Receptor Subtypes That Participate in the Blood Pressure Changes Produced by ADPβS in Rats

Purine nucleosides (adenosine) and nucleotides such as adenosine mono/di/triphosphate (AMP/ADP/ATP) may produce complex cardiovascular responses. For example, adenosine-5′-(β-thio)-diphosphate (ADPβS; a stable synthetic analogue of ADP) can induce vasodilatation/vasodepressor responses by endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms involving purinergic P2Y receptors; however, the specific subtypes participating in these responses remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the receptor subtypes mediating the blood pressure changes induced by intravenous bolus of ADPβS in male Wistar rats in the absence and presence of central mechanisms with the antagonists MRS2500 (P2Y1), PSB0739 (P2Y12), and MRS2211 (P2Y13). For this purpose, 120 rats were divided into 60 anaesthetised rats and 60 pithed rats, and further subdivided into four groups (n = 30 each), namely: (a) anaesthetised rats, (b) anaesthetised rats with bilateral vagotomy, (c) pithed rats, and (d) pithed rats continuously infused (intravenously) with methoxamine (an α1-adrenergic agonist that restores systemic vascular tone). We observed, in all four groups, that the immediate decreases in diastolic blood pressure produced by ADPβS were exclusively mediated by peripheral activation of P2Y1 receptors. Nevertheless, the subsequent increases in systolic blood pressure elicited by ADPβS in pithed rats infused with methoxamine probably involved peripheral activation of P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors.</p

Caracterización cromática de los vinos elaborados en la comarca española de la "Alpujarra-Contraviesa"

The chromatic characteristics of 69 samples oftraditional wines (no definite enological technique) made from a mixture of varieties of existing grapes (more than 98% were white varieties) in the Granadinian region of Alpujarra-Contraviesa (South of Spain) were studied as a method of typification and determination of their quality. The results after calculating the levels of Anthocyanins, Polyphenols, the CIE (1961) chromatic parameters, the Glories indices (1984) and the CIELAB space (1976)} indicate that the wines studied carne from musts which had spent very little time in contact with the solid matter of the grape. The very wide dispersion margins were consistent with their home-made character and, according to the majority of colour indices, they are c10ser to rose wines.En el presente trabajo, se han estudiado las características cromáticas de 69 muestras de vinos elaborados de forma artesanal (sin técnica enológica definida) y por mezcla de las variedades de uva existentes (más del 98% de variedades blancas) en la región granadina de la Alpujarra-Contraviesa (Sur de España). Los valores en Antocianos y Polifenoles, así como los parámetros cromáticos de la CIE (1961), los índices de Glories (1984) y el espacio CIELAB (1976) indican que los vinos estudiados proceden de mostos que han estado muy poco tiempo en contacto con las materias sólidas de la uva, con unos márgenes de dispersión muy amplios en concordancia con su carácter artesanal y más próximos a vinos rosados que a "claretes"

Pitfalls in Ontologies and TIPS to Prevent Them

Abstract. A growing number of ontologies are already available thanks to development initiatives in many different fields. In such ontology developments, developers must tackle a wide range of difficulties and handicaps, which can result in the appearance of anomalies in the resulting ontologies. Therefore, ontology evaluation plays a key role in ontology development. OOPS! is an on-line tool that automatically detects pitfalls, considered as potential errors or problems-and thus may help ontology developers to improve their ontologies. To gain insight in the existence of pitfalls and to assess whether there are differences among ontologies developed by novices, a random set of already scanned ontologies, and existing well-known ones, data of 406 OWL ontologies were analysed on OOPS!&apos;s 21 pitfalls, of which 24 ontologies were also examined manually on the detected pitfalls. The various analyses performed show only minor differences between the three sets of ontologies, therewith providing a general landscape of pitfalls in ontologies. We also propose guidelines to avoid the inclusion of such common pitfalls in new ontologies, the Typical pItfalls Prevention Scheme (TIPS), so as to increase the baseline quality of OWL ontologies

Production of extracts with anaesthetic activity from the culture of Heterosigma akashiwo in pilot-scale photobioreactors

The shear-sensitive microalga Heterosigma akashiwo is known to produce brevetoxin-like compounds that are active in voltage-dependent sodium channels. In this work, we present a study on the production of anaesthetic extracts from H. akashiwo biomass obtained in low-shear bioreactors at different growth phases. The photobioreactors (PBRs) used had specific configurations and were operated in such a way as to avoid cellular damage by hydrodynamic stress. Cultures were developed in small static-control flasks and PBRs with volumes ranging from 1.5 L to 200 L. The bioactivity of the produced extracts was assessed in vitro (Neuro-2a cell-based assay) and in vivo (Zebra fish model). Bioactivity depended slightly on the growth phase and culture system, with greater toxicity with the Neuro-2a model when stationary-phase extracts were used. Interestingly, extracts were not cytotoxic against other human cell lines. Steady production of anaesthetic bioactives was observed. In vivo anaesthetic efficacy, assessed with the Zebra fish model, was similar to that of commercial products, and without any observed mortality at 24-h post exposure

La reglamentación española del Ron y sus perspectivas (parte II)

En nuestro país, el Ron, viene recogido en los Decretos 1.288 de la Presidencia del Gobierno de 5 de Junio de 1975 y el Decreto 1.906 de 26 de Septiembre de 1984, por los que se establece la "Reglamentación Especial para la elaboración, circulación y comercio del ron" (B.O.E. de 7-Junio-1975 y de 29-0ctubre-1984). Esta reglamentación tiene por objeto definir el ron a efectos legales y fijar, con carácter obligatorio, las normas de elaboración, comercialización y en general, la ordenación jurídica de dicha bebida. No obstante estas normas siguen siendo insuficientes para caracterizar estos aguardientes, por lo que hemos incluido el estudio de algunas reglamentaciones extranjeras en materia de Ron, con el fin de obtener unos parámetros eficaces y diferenciadores para esta bebida.In Spain, the corresponding Decree-Lawa the rum's characterization they are insufficient (Decree-Law 1.288/5-Juin-1975 and Decree-Law 1906/26-September-1984). We are carry out the study of foreign regulations for to obtain good results in rum characterization

Contribución al estudio analítico de dos constituyentes del ron (Parte I)

Se han analizado, por métodos convencionales, muestras comerciales de ron. La determinación de algunos componentes volátiles mayoritarios contribuye en gran medida, de acuerdo con la literatura, a la definición de la calidad preparativa de estos productos, y permite distinguir los rones de otras bebidas alcohólicas. Por otro lado, y en relación con el envejecimiento en madera de roble, en este trabajo se hace una contribución complementaria al intentar establecer un CONTROL DE CALIDAD por "estudio comparativo" entre muestras de rones de procedencia conocida que han sido sometidos a maduración en barricas de roble y una serie de muestras de rones elegidas al azar en distintos establecimientos comerciales.The volatile flavor components of samples commercial rums have been analyzed by conventional chemical methods. These determinations according to the bibliographic references and this study; suffice to distinguish rums from virtually all other spirits. A comparative study by these chemical methods of volatile flavor components which make up rums maturations obtained from distilleries being possible to verify the so urce personally and those from other comercial rums