Factores asociados a fibrilación auricular diagnosticada por primera vez en diabéticos tipo 2 del Hospital Cayetano Heredia III-1, Piura-Periodo 2020-2023

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM) y la fibrilación auricular (FA) son dos afecciones de salud crónicas comunes que tienen un impacto significativo en la salud pública mundial. Donde la interdependencia de la DM y la FA se ha vuelto cada vez más evidente, ya que las personas con DM tienen un mayor riesgo de FA. Objetivo General Determinar los factores asociados a fibrilación auricular diagnosticada por primera vez en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 atendidos en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia-Piura durante el periodo 2020-2023 Materiales y Métodos El presente estudio fue transversal-analítico tipo retrospectivo. Se revisaron 280 fuentes clínicas de pacientes diabéticos del departamento de medicina interna hospitalización y emergencia del hospital Cayetano Heredia, así como referencias durante el periodo 2020-2023, para ver quienes padecían FA. Con los permisos pertinentemente formales se recolectó individualmente las fichas de datos donde posteriormente se analizaron mediante el programa STATA v.16. Resultados: Se obtuvo que la edad (media: 58 años) de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 está asociada significativamente(p<0,001) a padecer FA diagnosticada por primera vez, así como también asociación significativa para alcoholismo (ORa:1,48; IC 95%:1,165-1,886). Mencionar que se encontró una prevalencia alta de FA diagnosticada por primera vez en diabéticos tipo 2, siendo porcentualmente el 50,36% de casos presentes. Conclusiones: Se debe efectuar un seguimiento de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 mayores de 18 años de edad, como aquellos que presenten el antecedente de alcoholismo de cualquier tipo incluyendo un electrocardiograma al momento de la evaluaciónType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two common chronic health conditions that have a significant impact on global public health. Where the interdependence of DM and AF has become increasingly evident, as people with DM are at increased risk of AF. General Objective Determine the factors associated with atrial fibrillation diagnosed for the first time in type 2 diabetic patients treated at the Cayetano Heredia-Piura Hospital during the period 2020-2023. Materials and Methods The present study was a retrospective cross-analytical study. 280 clinical sources of diabetic patients from the hospitalization and emergency internal medicine department of the Cayetano Heredia hospital, as well as references during the period 2020-2023, were reviewed to see who suffered from AF. With the pertinent formal permissions, the data sheets were individually collected and subsequently analyzed using the STATA v.16 program. Results: It was found that the age (mean: 58 years) of type 2 diabetic patients is significantly associated (p<0.001) with suffering from AF diagnosed for the first time, as well as a significant association with alcoholism (ORa: 1.48; 95% CI). :1,165-1,886). It should be mentioned that a high prevalence of AF diagnosed for the first time in type 2 diabetics was found, with a percentage of 50.36% of cases present. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic patients over 18 years of age, as well as those with a history of alcoholism of any type, should be monitored, including an electrocardiogram at the time of evaluationTesi

The elusive nature of adaptive mitochondrial DNA evolution of an Arctic lineage prone to frequent introgression

Mitochondria play a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, being responsible for most of the energy production of the cell in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for key components of this process, but its direct role in adaptation remains far from understood. Hares (Lepus spp.) are privileged models to study the impact of natural selection on mitogenomic evolution because 1) species are adapted to contrasting environments, including arctic, with different metabolic pressures, and 2) mtDNA introgression from arctic into temperate species is widespread. Here, we analyzed the sequences of 11 complete mitogenomes (ten newly obtained) of hares of temperate and arctic origins (including two of arctic origin introgressed into temperate species). The analysis of patterns of codon substitutions along the reconstructed phylogeny showed evidence for positive selection in several codons in genes of the OXPHOS complexes, most notably affecting the arctic lineage. However, using theoretical models, no predictable effect of these differences was found on the structure and physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins, suggesting that the focus of selection may lie on complex interactions with nuclear encoded peptides. Also, a cloverleaf structure was detected in the control region only from the arctic mtDNA lineage, which may influence mtDNA replication and transcription. These results suggest that adaptation impacted the evolution of hare mtDNA and may have influenced the occurrence and consequences of the many reported cases of massive mtDNA introgression. However, the origin of adaptation remains elusive

Asymmetric dimerization in a transcription factor superfamily is promoted by allosteric interactions with DNA

Transcription factors, such as nuclear receptors achieve precise transcriptional regulation by means of a tight and reciprocal communication with DNA, where cooperativity gained by receptor dimerization is added to binding site sequence specificity to expand the range of DNA target gene sequences. To unravel the evolutionary steps in the emergence of DNA selection by steroid receptors (SRs) from monomeric to dimeric palindromic binding sites, we carried out crystallographic, biophysical and phylogenetic studies, focusing on the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs, NR3B) that represent closest relatives of SRs. Our results, showing the structure of the ERR DNA-binding domain bound to a palindromic response element (RE), unveil the molecular mechanisms of ERR dimerization which are imprinted in the protein itself with DNA acting as an allosteric driver by allowing the formation of a novel extended asymmetric dimerization region (KR-box). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that this dimerization asymmetry is an ancestral feature necessary for establishing a strong overall dimerization interface, which was progressively modified in other SRs in the course of evolution.journal articl

Polymeric nanocapsules prevent oxidation of core-loaded molecules: evidence based on the effects of docosahexaenoic acid and neuroprostane on breast cancer cells proliferation

International audienceBackground:Nanocapsules, as a delivery system, are able to target drugs and other biologically sensitive moleculesto specific cells or organs. This system has been intensively investigated as a way to protect bioactives drugs frominactivation upon interaction with the body and to ensure the release to the target. However, the mechanism ofimproved activity of the nanoencapsulated molecules is far from being understood at the cellular and subcellularlevels. Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce the morbidityand mortality from breast cancer. This influence could be modulated by the oxidative status of the diet and it hasbeen suggested that the anti-proliferative properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are enhanced by pro-oxidantagents Methods:The effect of encapsulation of PUFA on breast cancer cell proliferation in different oxidative mediumwas evaluated in vitro. We compared the proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and ofthe non-cancer human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A in different experimental conditions. Results:DHA possessed anti-proliferative properties that were prevented by alpha-tocopherol (an antioxidant) andenhanced by the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide that confirmsthat DHA has to be oxidized to exert its anti-proliferativeproperties. We also evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of the 4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane, a bioactive, non-enzymaticoxygenated metabolite of DHA known to play a major role inthe prevention of cardiovascular diseases. DHA-loadednanocapsules was less potent than non-encapsulated DHA while co-encapsulation of DHA with H2O2maintainedthe inhibition of proliferation. The nanocapsules slightly improves the anti-proliferative effect in the case of4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane that is more hydrophilic than DHA. Conclusion:Overall, our findings suggest that the sensitivity of tumor cell lines to DHA involves oxidized metabolites.They also indicate that neuroprostane is a metabolite participating in the growth reducing effect of DHA, but it is not thesole. These results also suggest that NC seek to enhance the stability against degradation, enhance cellular availability,and control the release of bioactive fatty acids following their lipophilicities