Failure of the work-Hamiltonian connection for free energy calculations

Extensions of statistical mechanics are routinely being used to infer free energies from the work performed over single-molecule nonequilibrium trajectories. A key element of this approach is the ubiquitous expression dW/dt=\partial H(x,t)/ \partial t which connects the microscopic work W performed by a time-dependent force on the coordinate x with the corresponding Hamiltonian H(x,t) at time t. Here we show that this connection, as pivotal as it is, cannot be used to estimate free energy changes. We discuss the implications of this result for single-molecule experiments and atomistic molecular simulations and point out possible avenues to overcome these limitations

Noise suppression by noise

We have analyzed the interplay between an externally added noise and the intrinsic noise of systems that relax fast towards a stationary state, and found that increasing the intensity of the external noise can reduce the total noise of the system. We have established a general criterion for the appearance of this phenomenon and discussed two examples in detail.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Resíduos da agroindústria do dendê: caracterização e equivalência em fertilizantes.

bitstream/item/57410/1/CPATU-BP198.pd

Composição química dos subprodutos da agroindústria do dendê.

SUBPRODUTOS DO DENDÊ; Cachos vazios, engaços ou vassouras; Efluente natural; CONHEÇA OS OUTROS SUBPRODUTOS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA DO DENDÊ; Efluente centrifugado ? Fase líquida; Efluente centrifugado ? Fase sólida; Fibra de polpa; APROVEITE OS SUBPRODUTOS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA DO DENDÊ NA ADUBAÇÃO DE SUA LAVOURA; Adubação; Composição química; OBSERVE A COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO CACHO VAZIO; AVALIE AGORA O QUANTO EQUIVALE UMA TONELADA DE CACHOS VAZIOS EM ADUBO QUÍMICO; EXAMINE E COMPARE QUE O CACHO VAZIO, MESMO DEPOIS DE LAVADO PELA CHUVA, NÃO PERDE NUTRIENTES; VERIFIQUE AGORA A QUANTO EQUIVALE UMA TONELADA DE CACHOS VAZIOS LAVADOS, EM ADUBO QUÍMICO; A FIBRA DA POLPA DO DENDÊ É RICA EM NUTRIENTES. OBSERVE; AGORA CONFIRA A QUANTO EQUIVALE UMA TONELADA DA FIBRA DA POLPA DO DENDÊ, EM ADUBO QUÍMICO; O EFLUENTE NATURAL TAMBÉM É BASTANTE RICO EM NUTRIENTES. VERIFIQUE; SAIBA AGORA QUANTO UM METRO CÚBICO DE EFLUENTE NATURAL EQUIVALE EM ADUBO QUÍMICO; O EFLUENTE CENTRIFUGADO TAMBÉM CONTÉM MUITOS NUTRIENTES. AVALIE; VEJA A QUANTO EQUIVALE UM METRO CÚBICO OU UMA TONELADA DE EFLUENTE CENTRIFUGADO EM ADUBO QUÍMICObitstream/item/61201/1/CPATU-Doc119.pd

Noise and Periodic Modulations in Neural Excitable Media

We have analyzed the interplay between noise and periodic modulations in a mean field model of a neural excitable medium. To this purpose, we have considered two types of modulations; namely, variations of the resistance and oscillations of the threshold. In both cases, stochastic resonance is present, irrespective of if the system is monostable or bistable.Comment: 13 pages, RevTex, 5 PostScript figure

Post hoc analyses of surrogate markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes in a digitally supported continuous care intervention: An open-label, non-randomised controlled study

OBJECTIVE: One year of comprehensive continuous care intervention (CCI) through nutritional ketosis improves glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c), body weight and liver enzymes among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we report the effect of the CCI on surrogate scores of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis. METHODS: This was a non-randomised longitudinal study, including adults with T2D who were self-enrolled to the CCI (n=262) or to receive usual care (UC, n=87) during 1 year. An NAFLD liver fat score (N-LFS) >-0.640 defined the presence of fatty liver. An NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) of >0.675 identified subjects with advanced fibrosis. Changes in N-LFS and NFS at 1 year were the main endpoints. RESULTS: At baseline, NAFLD was present in 95% of patients in the CCI and 90% of patients in the UC. At 1 year, weight loss of ≥5% was achieved in 79% of patients in the CCI versus 19% of patients in UC (p<0.001). N-LFS mean score was reduced in the CCI group (-1.95±0.22, p<0.001), whereas it was not changed in the UC (0.47±0.41, p=0.26) (CCI vs UC, p<0.001). NFS was reduced in the CCI group (-0.65±0.06, p<0.001) compared with UC (0.26±0.11, p=0.02) (p<0.001 between two groups). In the CCI group, the percentage of individuals with a low probability of advanced fibrosis increased from 18% at baseline to 33% at 1 year (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: One year of a digitally supported CCI significantly improved surrogates of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis in patients with T2D