Application of excilamps in agriculture and animal breeding (review)

The paper provides a review of research data on applications of XeCl excilamps in agriculture and animal breeding. The data demonstrate a favorable effect of radiation produced by the excilamps on the fertility of animals (outbred mice and pigs) and on the growth of plants (flaxes, potatoes, carrots, cucumbers, conifers). Excilamp models adapted specially for use in stock-raising and grain storage complexes are now available. The research data obtained in 2012-2015 suggest that XeCl excilamps hold promise for prevention of diseases in indoor-housed pigs and for pre-sowing seed preparation

Cardiovascular pathology in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure) are among the comorbid conditions that mutually aggravate each other. The addition of tuberculosis in this category of patients requires additional efforts from the doctor to improve treatment outcomes.Purpose. Тo assess the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis hospitalized in an anti-tuberculosis hospital.Materials and methods. We examined 462 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, hospitalized in a tuberculosis dispensary, aged 17 to 88 years, the median (Me (P25; 75) age was 43.68 (32.00; 54.00) years, including 266 men (57.6%) and 196 women (42.4%) All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, instrumental examination to establish or confirm the diagnosis.Results. The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis was 31.4%, with arterial hypertension – 12.1%, coronary heart disease – 6.1%, chronic heart failure – 6.1%. The incidence of cardiovascular pathology in the group of tuberculosis + chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 40%, in the group of tuberculosis without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 6%.Conclusions. The prevalence of comorbid cardiovascular pathology in patients with tuberculosis + chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is significantly higher than among patients with only tuberculosis, which requires the involvement of doctors of various specialties to manage this category of patients to prevent adverse treatment outcomes, disability and mortality

DETECTION OF TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WHEN SUSPECTING TUBERCULOUS SEPSIS

The increase in HIV patients manifesting clinical signs of sepsis requires up-to-date, rapid and reliable techniques for etiologic diagnostics.The analysis has included 53 publications related to various aspects of tuberculous bacteriemia, resources for its detection and their efficiency. According to the publications tuberculous mycobacteria in blood can be detected in HIV-positive patients with severe immune suppression (CD4: 17-18 cells/mcl) and presence of the following clinical and laboratory and X-ray signs: fever, severe anemia, paratracheal lymphoadenopathy, miliary dissemination. It is feasible to test the blood in order to detect tuberculous mycobacteria only in the very ill HIV positive patients in whom tuberculosis is suspected and it is impossible to collect sputum and there are no obvious signs of pulmonary lesions.The presence oftuberculous mycobacteria in blood isrelated to the high mortality level (up to 60%) and the immediate prescription of anti-tuberculosis therapy can reduce it. Antiretroviral therapy can reduce the chances of tuberculous sepsis development. Development and optimization of test systems for rapid detection of DNA of tuberculous mycobacteria in blood can be fairly promising for the diagnostics of the urgent tuberculosis

Presowing XeCl excilamp irradiation of crops: field research and prospects

Here we present research data demonstrating how crop seeds response to ultraviolet produced by a barrier-discharge XeCl* excilamp with a wavelength of 290–320 nm (82–88 %). The data show that presowing ultraviolet treatment is stimulatory to seed germination and plant growth. Ultraviolet treatment increases the seed germinability by 20–30 % and the plant fresh weight by 54 %, compared to untreated control samples, and provides a developed root system with long twisted segments. The research results are encouraging for upgrading the UV technology to larger-scale seed irradiation

Дисплазия соединительной ткани: пульмонологические аспект

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Interpolymer complexes based on Carbopol^® and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as carriers for buccal delivery of metformin

Introduction. Buccal drug delivery has a number of advantages over oral administration: ease of application, good blood supply to the buccal mucosa, drug can enter the systemic circulation directly, avoiding the "first pass effect through the liver", and are not exposed to the acidic environment of the gastric juice and the destructive action of digestive enzymes. The use of interpolymer complexes (IPCs) makes it possible not only to ensure adhesion to the mucosal membranes of the oral cavity, but also to achieve a prolonged release of drugs.Aim. Development of carriers based on interpolymer complexes using Carbopol® 971 NF (C971) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ) of different molecular weights for buccal delivery of metformin (MF).Materials and methods. The study of IPC adhesion was carried out using a TA.XTplus texture analyzer (Stable Micro Systems, UK); mucin compacts with a diameter of 13 mm were used as a substrate; these were prepared by compressing porcine gastric mucin powder using a manual hydraulic press for IR spectroscopy (PerkinElmer, USA) at a pressure of 2.45 MPa. The study of the swelling capacity was carried out by placing polymer matrices in an artificial saliva medium, with constant thermostating at a temperature of 37.0 ± 0.5 °C for 5 hours. The study of the release of MF from the matrices based on IPC was carried out using a DFZ II apparatus (Erweka, Germany) according to the Flow Through Cell method (USP IV) with cells for tablets (22.6 mm) and adaptors for ointments, creams and gels in a medium simulating saliva. The concentration of MF in the samples from the dissolution tests was determined with UV-spectrophotometry (Lambda, PerkinElmer, USA) at 232.8 nm.Results and discussion. In a comparative study of the mucoadhesive properties of polymer samples, IPC compacts showed a mucoadhesion capacity comparable to that of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline); at the same time, compacts from physical mixtures (PM) and C971 are inferior in terms of the separation force to IPC samples, however, POZes dissolve in an artificial saliva medium, that is, they are not suitable as dosage forms for buccal delivery. For 5 hours of the experiment to assess the swelling capacity, the IPC matrices did not change significantly, which can ensure their comfortable use as carriers for buccal delivery. When evaluating the release of metformin from polymer matrices (with weight ratio MF/IPC 1: 0.5), the most complete release (more than 90 %) is observed from both IPC matrices compared to matrices of PM and individual polymers.Conclusion. Polycomplex matrix systems based on C971-POZ (50 kDa) and C971-POZ (500 kDa) are suitable for buccal delivery of metformin

Повторные пневмонии у детей с дисплазией соединительной ткани: ретроспективное клинико-морфологическое исследование

An analysis of medical documents and morphological examination of resected lung samples was done in 25 children had been operated for repeated pneumonias. All the children (100 %) were diagnosed undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) with marked clinical features. Morphological substrate of the repeated pneumonias was various defects of the lung growth. The results showed that the CTD as a genetic systemic pathology provided repeated pneumonias in structural abnormalities of the lungs. This fact should be taken into account in the diagnostic work-up.Проведен анализ медицинской документации и результатов морфологического исследования резецированных участков легких у 25 детей, оперированных по поводу повторных пневмоний. У 100% детей во время осмотра диагностирована недифференцированная дисплазия соединительной ткани (ДСТ) с выраженными клиническими проявлениями. Морфологическим субстратом повторных пневмоний явились различные варианты порочного развития легких. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют, что ДСТ как генетически детерминированный системный процесс предрасполагает к возникновению повторных пневмоний на фоне структурных аномалий легких, что необходимо учитывать в диагностическом процессе

Полиморфизм гена NAT2 и развитие туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией

The objective: to run the comparative study of frequencies of variants of polymorphic loci of NAT2 gene in the development of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and drug sensitive tuberculosis (DS TB) in patients with HIV infection.Subjects and Methods. 70 patients with TB/HIV co-infection at the age from 24 to 58 years old were examined when admitted to hospital.54 (77.1%) patients were new cases, the remaining 16 cases underwent repeated treatment. MDR TB was diagnosed in 47 patients: 33 patients had primary MDR, and 14 patients suffered from acquired MDR. Drug susceptible tuberculosis was diagnosed in 23 patients. Allele-specific PCR was used for genotyping of patients by rs1208, rs1799930, and rs1799929 polymorphic loci of N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) gene.Results. A high probability of carriage of wild genotype of NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G) and allele NAT2Arg197(590G) was revealed in MDR TB(n = 70, OR = 3.63, p = 0.02 and OR = 2.24, p = 0.05, respectively) and it was found low in DS TB (n = 70, OR = 0.28, p = 0.02 and OR = 0.45, p = 0.05, respectively). Among patients with acquired MDR TB (n = 14), carriers of the wild genotype of NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G) prevailed (n = 11; 79%), of them 10 were chronic cases and 1 had a relapse. Among patients with DS TB (n = 23), the carriage of the wild genotype of NAT2Arg197Arg G590G was found in 35% of patients (n = 8), of them 7 were new cases and 1 patient suffered from chronic tuberculosis.Carriage of a combination of three studied wild genotypes of NAT2Lys268Lys(A803A)×NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G)×NAT2Leu161Leu(C481C) was more often recorded in secondary MDR TB. In secondary MDR TB, the risk of carriage of wild genotypes of NAT2 gene versus primary MDR TB turned out to be high among all cases of diagnosed MDR TB (n = 43, OR = 6.67 [1.28-34.86], p = 0.0277 ) and in the entire sample (n = 65, OR = 11.91 [2.32-61.11], p = 0.0039).Conclusion. The results of genotyping in patients with TB/HIV co-infection and secondary MDR TB are associated with the carriage of acombination of wild genotypes of gene NAT2Lys268Lys(A803A)×NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G)×NAT2Leu161Leu(C481C).Цель: сравнительное изучение частот вариантов полиморфных локусов гена NAT2 при развитии туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ-ТБ) и лекарственно-чувствительного туберкулеза (ЛЧ-ТБ) у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией.Материал и методы. Обследованы 70 госпитализированных больных с коинфекцией (ТБ/ВИЧ-и/) в возрасте от 24 до 58 лет. У 54 (77,1%) больных имел место впервые выявленный туберкулез, у остальных 16 – случаи повторного лечения. МЛУ-ТБ был установлен у 47 больных: первичная МЛУ микобактерий туберкулеза (МБТ) ‒ у 33 пациентов, приобретенная – у 14 пациентов. ЛЧ-ТБ диагностирован у 23 больных. Генотипирование пациентов по полиморфным локусам rs1208, rs1799930 и rs1799929 гена N-ацетилтрансферазы-2 (NAT2) проводили методом аллель-специфической ПЦР.Результаты. Выявлена высокая вероятность носительства дикого генотипа NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G) и аллеля NAT2Arg197(590G) при МЛУ-ТБ (n = 70, OR= 3,63, p = 0,02 и OR = 2,24, p = 0,05 соответственно) и низкая – при ЛЧ-ТБ (n = 70, OR = 0,28, p = 0,02 и OR = 0,45, p = 0,05 соответственно). Среди пациентов с приобретенной МЛУ МБТ (n = 14) носители дикого генотипа NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G) преобладали (n = 11; 79%), из них 10 ‒ с хроническим течением заболевания и 1 – с рецидивом. Среди больных с ЛЧ-ТБ (n = 23) носительство дикого генотипа NAT2Arg197Arg G590G обнаружено у 35% больных (n = 8), из них у 7 впервые выявленных больных и 1 пациента с хроническим течением туберкулеза.Носительство сочетания трех исследованных диких генотипов NAT2Lys268Lys(A803A)×NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G)×NAT2Leu161Leu(C481C) чаще регистрировали при вторичной МЛУ МБТ. При вторичной МЛУ МБТ риск носительства диких генотипов гена NAT2 в сравнении с первичной МЛУ МБТ оказался высоким как среди всех случаев установленной МЛУ МБТ (n = 43, OR = 6,67 [1,28-34,86], p = 0,0277), так и во всей выборке больных (n = 65, OR = 11,91 [2,32-61,11], p = 0,0039).Заключение. Результаты генотипирования у пациентов с коинфекцией ТБ/ВИЧ-и с вторичной МЛУ МБТ ассоциированы с носительством сочетания диких генотипов гена NAT2Lys268Lys(A803A)×NAT2Arg197Arg(G590G)×NAT2Leu161Leu(C481C)

Tuberculosis in patients with different HIV-status in Novokuznetsk

Goal. To study the results of treatment for newly diagnosed tuberculosis in patients with different HIV status. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of all new TB cases among adults (n = 1036) registered in 2013-2014: 664 patients with HIV-free tuberculosis (TB) and 372 patients with HIV (HIV) and TB. Results. The average age of the patients was 39 ± 13 years; of men was 63.8% (n = 661). The median number of CD4-lymphocytes was 185 cells / μl (0-2064 cells / μl). most patients with HIV and (69.8%, n = 260) did not receive antiretroviral therapy. TB in HIV-1 and more often than in patients without HIV and was detected by treatment (74.7%, n = 278 vs. 49.4%, n = 328) (P 0.001), and among the clinical forms more often disseminated TB (43.1%, n = 156 vs 15.8%, n = 103) (P <0.001). Bacteriovenectomy by any of the methods for HIV and / or TB was detected more often than in patients without HIV without TB (72.1%, n = 261 vs 54.7%, n = 356) (P <0.0001), including number when sowing on dense nutrient media (64.1%, n = 232, vs 46.0%, n = 299) (P <0.001). For HIV and TB with preserved drug sensitivity, it was less common (31.9%, n = 67 vs 50.9%, n = 137) (P <0.001), and with primary multidrug resistance (MDR) 1.5 times more often than with monoinfection (51.4% and 33.5%, respectively) (P <0.001). In the absence of data on drug resistance, patients were treated with drugs of the main series. Treatment of MDR TB was conducted 64.4% (n = 58) in patients with TB and 42.6% (n = 46) with HIV and / or TB patients; in the remaining cases, MDR preparations of the reserve were not assigned because of refusal, lack of commitment or obtaining information about drug resistance after death. Cure for HIV / TB was less frequent than with monoinfection of TB (38.2% vs 61.7%) (P <0.001), and the share of deaths from all causes in HIV-TB was significantly higher (40.9% % vs 12.1%) (P <0.001). The conclusion. In patients with HIV, tuberculosis in most cases was detected during treatment, they were more often registered with bacterial excretion and primary MDR, and the effectiveness of treatment for HIV and / or TB was significantly lower than in patients with negative HIV status, mainly due to high mortality.Цель. Изучить результаты лечения впервые выявленного туберкулеза у больных с различным ВИЧ-статусом. Материалы и методы. ретроспективное исследование всех новых случаев ТБ среди взрослых (n=1036), зарегистрированных в 2013-2014 гг.: 664 больных с туберкулезом (ТБ) без ВИЧ-инфекции и 372 пациента с ВИЧ-инфекцией (ВИЧ-и) и ТБ. результаты. Средний возраст пациентов составил 39±13 лет; мужчин было 63,8% (n=661). Медиана количества CD4-лимфоцитов составляла 185 кл./мкл (0-2064 кл./мкл.); большинство больных ВИЧ-и (69,8%, n=260) не получали анти-ретровирусной терапии. тБ при ВИЧ-и чаще, чем у пациентов без ВИЧ-и выявлялся при обращении (74,7%, n=278 vs 49,4%, n=328) (P<0,001), а среди клинических форм чаще диагностировали диссеминированный ТБ (43,1%, n=156 vs 15,8%, n=103) (P<0,001). Бактериовыделение любым из методов при ВИЧ-и/ТБ обнаруживали чаще, чем у больных ТБ без ВИЧ-и (72,1%, n=261 vs 54,7%, n=356) (P<0,0001), в том числе при посевах на плотные питательные среды (64,1%, n=232, vs 46,0%, n=299) (P<0,001). При ВИЧ-и ТБ с сохраненной лекарственной чувствительностью встречался реже (31,9%, n=67 vs 50,9%, n=137) (P<0,001), а с первичной множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ) - в 1,5 раза чаще, чем при моноинфекции (51,4% и 33,5% соответственно) (P<0,001). В отсутствие сведений о лекарственной устойчивости пациенты получали лечение препаратами основного ряда. Лечение МЛУ ТБ проводилось 64,4% (n=58) больным с ТБ и 42,6% (n=46) больным ВИЧ-и/ТБ; в остальных случаях МЛУ препараты резерва не назначались из-за отказа, отсутствия приверженности или получения сведений о лекарственной устойчивости после смерти. Излечение при ВИЧ-/ТБ достигали реже, чем при моноинфекции ТБ (38,2% vs 61,7%) (р<0,001), а доля летальных исходов от всех причин у ВИЧ-и/ТБ была значительно выше (40,9% vs 12,1%) (р<0,001). Заключение. У больных ВИЧ-и туберкулез в большинстве случаев выявлялся при обращении, у них чаще регистрировали бактериовыделение и первичную МЛУ, а эффективность лечения ВИЧ-и/ТБ была существенно ниже, чем у пациентов с негативным ВИЧ-статусом, преимущественно за счет высокой летальности