INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS

The increasing concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg /kg) of soil cadmium on growth and biochemical contents in tomato plants were analysed on 30th sampling days. Control plants were maintained separately. Plants were grown in pots containing 3 kg of air dried sandy loam soil and treated with different concentrations (mg/kg) of cadmium (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ). Treatments decreased the growth parameters such as root and shoot length  and biochemical constituents such as, protein,(except, proline and  phenol content) contents in tomato plants compared to untreated plants. The shoot length of cadmium treated tomato plants was higher than the root length. proline and phenol content of root of  tomato plants was higher than the shoot

INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS

The increasing concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg /kg) of soil cadmium on growth and biochemical contents in tomato plants were analysed on 30th sampling days. Control plants were maintained separately. Plants were grown in pots containing 3 kg of air dried sandy loam soil and treated with different concentrations (mg/kg) of cadmium (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ). Treatments decreased the growth parameters such as root and shoot length  and biochemical constituents such as, protein,(except, proline and  phenol content) contents in tomato plants compared to untreated plants. The shoot length of cadmium treated tomato plants was higher than the root length. proline and phenol content of root of  tomato plants was higher than the shoot

Stress-strain properties of ferritic steels using automated ball-indentation testing - pile-up effects included

The automated Ball-Indentation (Bl) testing is based cm repeated indentation of a spherical indenter at a single location on a metallic sample. The indentation loads and the corresponding depths in an indentation are used to extract the key mechanical flow properties using well established mathematical relationships. The technique is almost nondestructive and an excellent substitute for the conventional tensile test especially when there is very little volume of specimen available for testing. The distortion at the original plane of surface caused by the material displaced by the indentation is referred to as the pile-up or sink-in effect. The pile-up behaviour alters the actual contact area and hence the indentation diameter which is used for calculating tire stress-strain parameters. It is well established that the extent of pile-up is related to the strain hardening coefficient of the material. This paper describes the methodology for deriving the plastic stress-strain properties by automated ball-indentation technique taking into account the usually ignored pile-up effects. Flow properties derived from ball-indentation tests using die proposed methodology were found to be in good agreement with those of tensile test results for various ferritic steels like AISI 1025 carbon steel, 2.25C:r-lMo steel, Mod 9Cr-lMo steel with different work hardening characteristics

Experimental Evaluation of Solar-Powered Desalination Ponds in Waste Water Treatment

The purpose of this research is to examine a desalination pond that is experimental in size and uses solar energy for its heating. The solar pond is the major components of a zero discharge desalinate progression (ZDDP), as shown below. The projected ZDDP may treat the sewage waste water produced by the petrochemical complex's purification unit, resulting in the productivity of both fresh water and salt. The solar desalination pond that was researched and utilized the evaporation distillation process. A solar desalination pond's primary function is that of a batch stage. The experiment results are presented after an introduction of the solar powered desalinate pond and the distillation procedure. The results prove that the proposed solar-powered pond can be realistically executed. The proposed solar-powered pond to a standard solar-powered pond in terms of the rate at which it gains distilled water were compared

Wnt4 Enhances Murine Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Expansion Through a Planar Cell Polarity-Like Pathway

Background: While the role of canonical (b-catenin-mediated) Wnt signaling in hematolymphopoiesis has been studied extensively, little is known of the potential importance of non-canonical Wnt signals in hematopoietic cells. Wnt4 is one of the Wnt proteins that can elicit non-canonical pathways. We have previously shown that retroviral overexpression of Wnt4 by hematopoietic cells increased thymic cellularity as well as the frequency of early thymic progenitors and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). However, the molecular pathways responsible for its effect in HPCs are not known. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we report that Wnt4 stimulation resulted in the activation of the small GTPase Rac1 as well as Jnk kinases in an HPC cell line. Jnk activity was necessary, while b-catenin was dispensable, for the Wnt4-mediated expansion of primary fetal liver HPCs in culture. Furthermore, Jnk2-deficient and Wnt4 hemizygous mice presented lower numbers of HPCs in their bone marrow, and Jnk2-deficient HPCs showed increased rates of apoptosis. Wnt4 also improved HPC activity in a competitive reconstitution model in a cell-autonomous, Jnk2-dependent manner. Lastly, we identified Fz6 as a receptor for Wnt4 in immature HPCs and showed that the absence of Wnt4 led to a decreased expression of four polarity complex genes. Conclusions/Significance: Our results establish a functional role for non-canonical Wnt signaling in hematopoiesis throug

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Synthesis and characterization of halogenocobalt(III) complexes of 3,8-dimethyl-5,6-benzo-4,7-diazadeca-3,7-diene-2,9-dione dioxime with substitute pyridines

800-802Cobalt(III) complexes of the type [Co(DODOHbzo) (s-py)X]CIO4, where DODOHbzo = 3,8-dimethyl-5,6 benzo-4.7- diazadeca-3,7-diene-2,9-dione dioxime mono anion, s-py = a substituted pyridine, such as, nicotinamide, isonicotinamide, nicotinic acid or isonicotinic acid and X- = CI-, Br- or J-, have been synthesised and characterised by elemental analyses, conductivity studies, IR, 1H NMR and UV-visible spectral data. The IR evidence suggests that it is the pyridine nitrogen that is involved in the coordination with cobalt(III), leaving amide and carboxylic acid groups free

Achieving high signal-to-noise ratio in transient reflectivity measurements

330-333Transient reflectivity measurements using ultrashort pulse pump-probe techniques can provide very useful information on fast carrier dynamics in semiconductors. Several non-trivial problems encountered in measuring reflectivity changes have been described. These changes can be very small (R/R ~10-3 or less) and hence measuring these small changes is not straightforward. The possible solutions in overcoming such problems have been described. Some preliminary results on a GaAs thin film have also been presented