ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FILMS BY DOPING WITH Nd3+ IONS

The electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films have been improved pronouncedly by doping with Neodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate. Pure PVA and PVA: Nd3+ films have been prepared by solution casting method. Both type of films were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique for structural studies. XRD pattern shows the appreciable shift of 2Ө towards higher value with increase in Nd3+ concentration. This signifies the presence Nd3+ dopant in polymer matrix. Further direct current electrical conductivity (σ) of Nd3+ doped PVA films in the temperature range 500C-1600C has been studied using four probe techniques. For a given concentration σ increases with increase in temperature and with dopant concentration. At 1200C, conductivity of PVA: Nd3+ (10 mol %) film is 7.116 μΩ -1 cm-1 , PVA: Nd3+ (15 mol %) film is 11.176 μΩ-1 cm-1 , PVA: Nd3+ (20 mol %) film is 17.418 μΩ-1 cm-1 and PVA: Nd3+ (25 mol %) film is 23.740 μΩ -1 cm-1 . This result indicated the enhancement of the electrical conductivity of PVA films with Nd3+ concentration

The Role of Women: In Indian Agriculture Sector

India is developing country. The main occupation is agriculture, because 70 per cent of the population is involved in this occupation. This paper examines the ways in which greater integration through agriculture impact women. This paper finds that agriculture creates many jobs for women in agriculture sector. Jobs that bring many household resources under women control leads to greater earnings in the family. Although, women are more than ever finally employed, differences in wages earned by women and men persist in India. Due to these reasons and women’s lower education level compel the women have a greater tendency to remain in subsistence agriculture. The impact of liberalization and globalization on women is important not only because they represent almost half of the total population, but also because they face constraints, which make them less beneficial from the liberalization. Once different impacts are ascertained well designed policy responses may aid women in taking advantage of greater openness to agriculture

Analysis of High Rise Building with Dual Systems

The dangerous natural hazards earthquake is the one which, cause great damage of the building and livelihood as well. The ground motion and structure behavior itself are the characters on which response of the structure depends during earthquake. In medium to high rise structures situated in earthquake prone area coupled shear walls are one of the systems commonly used to resist lateral forces. ETAB stands for extended version three dimensional analysis of building. Commonly Skyscrapers, parking garages, steel and concrete structures, high rise structures, portal frame structures with coupled shear wall are modelled using ETAB software. The study in this paper mainly emphasizes on structural behaviour of multi-storey building of regular shape with combination of coupled shear wall and bracings. Lateral load analysis for the following type of structures such as regular model, mass reduction model and soft storey models with coupled shear wall is done. Different storey height such a s 30, 40 and 50 storey heights is considered. The above analysis is done using ETABS. Parameters such as axial force, shear force, bending moment and seismic response of regular model, soft storey model, mass reduction model, V bracing model and X bracing model for 30, 40 and 50 storey structures are studied. Axial force increase with increase in storey height. Soft storey and mass reduction models possess less axial force compared to regular model. Regular model is stiffer than other two models. V bracing model were effective in reducing the bending moment and axial forces in columns. Storey displacementswere within permissible limits

A Comparative Study between Samsung and Apple Smart Phones-Saudi Arabian Women Student’s Preference

Today smart phones are in increasing demand in the student community. In order to understand about the brand preference between Samsung and Apple, a group of 200 female students from various Universities in Riyadh were selected in the age group of 18-25 years. The research instruments used in Questionnaire were closed ended questions. The basis of analysis was on brand loyalty, USAge time, preferred features and brand preference. Based on the responses, it was understood that the brand preference between Apple and Samsung is equal

A study of Women Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia

Today women entrepreneurs are increasing in Saudi Arabia. In order to understand about women entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, a sample of 200 women entrepreneurs were selected from various business areas. The research instrument adopted here was questionnaire with closed ended questions. The main aim of this study was to understand the reasons to start a business, identify the benefits realized and various advertising channels used by these women entrepreneurs. Based on the responses, it was understood that the reasons to start a business was to be an independent person, to get recognition in the society, to build a successful organization, to have innovativeness and to continue the family traditions. The identified business benefits were in the area of Information Technology adoption, Literacy rates, Availability of internet facilities, Government policies, Purchase behavior and Technology adoption. The preferred advertising channels for business were Facebook, Twitter, Business Websites as well others like google, Instagram and LinkedIn