Ayurveda: The Intangible Cultural Heritage of India

Publication and documentation are the most essential thing for Vedic literature to protect them from Piracy. The term Vedic literature means the four Vedas, their Samhita and the allied literature based on or derived from the Vedas. The four Vedas are Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda including their Samhitas and Brahmanas attached to each Samhita7. The current scenario is changing globally, any knowledge related to science and technology is regulated under Patent and copy right act and laws. For getting a patent the claimed thing should have the following 3 qualities; it should be new, novel (nonobvious) & have commercial application. The Vedic literatures are spared from patent regulation act, because this knowledge is in public domain and comes to instance since thousands of years; before the creation of patent laws

Cannulated cancellous screws fixation in intracapsular fracture neck femur: a study with an emphasis on result of osteosynthesis

Background: Fracture neck of femur has always presented a great challenge to the orthopaedic surgeons. It is rightly called as “unsolved fracture” as far as treatment and results are concerned. Results generally depend upon time period elapsed from fracture to surgery, adequacy of reduction and fixation. Fixation with cannulated cancellous screw is usually adequate for femoral neck fractures. The aim of the study was to analyse the results of treatment of fracture neck of femur with cannulated cancellous screw fixation and to compare the results with others in the literature using the same modality.  Methods: 25 patients with intra capsular neck of femur fracture were followed for a period of two years post-surgery and their functional outcome was assessed based upon harris hip scoring system.Results: According to harris hip scoring system, we had excellent results in 72% cases, good in 16% cases, fair in 8% and poor in 4%. One patient went into non-union and two developed avascular necrosis of femoral head.Conclusions: Management of intracapsular fracture neck of femur with cannulated cancellous screw fixation is a very good method of treatment being a surgically easy procedure. Use of multiple cannulated cancellous screw have a compression effect at the fracture site. It also avoids re displacement and rotation

Studies on Some New Triphenylgermanium(IV) Dithiocarbamates

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Pineal proteins upregulate specific antioxidant defense systems in the brain

The neuroendocrine functions of the pineal affect a wide variety of glandular and nervous system processes. Beside melatonin (MEL), the pineal gland secretes and expresses certain proteins essential for various physiological functions. It has been suggested that the pineal gland may also have an antioxidant role due to secretory product other than MEL. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP) on the antioxidant defense system in the brain of female rats. The twenty-four rats were taken in present study and were divided into four groups: control (0 day), control (28 day), vehicle control and buffalo PP. The PP was injected 100 µg/kg BW intraperitoneal (i.p.) daily for 28 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain tissue were measured to assess the antioxidant systems. These enzymes protect from adverse effects of free radicals and help in amelioration of oxidative stress. Buffalo pineal proteins administration did not cause any effect on brain LPO, whereas GPx, GR and GSH were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. However, SOD and CAT activities were increased to significant levels than the control in PP treated rats. Our study herein suggested that buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins upregulates specific antioxidant defense systems and can be useful in control of various oxidative stress-induced neuronal diseases

Thermoelectric properties of InSe and AlSe bilayer thin films

The indium selenide (InSe) and aluminum selenide (AlSe) bilayer thin films of different thickness ratio have been prepared using thermal evaporation at vacuum. Thermoelectric behaviour of each sample has been determined temperature regions of 300-310 K. The thermoelectric behaviour of prepared thin films has been found to improve when samples have been annealed in vacuum at 70 ºC and 100 ºC. Electrical studies have been carried out of each film before and after annealing

A Bayes Study of Bile Acid Constituents on Cholelithiasis and Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Background: Significantly high concentration of secondary bile acids and low concentration of primary acids are reported by the surgeons in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) compared to control and cholelithiasis groups.Aim: To examine the effect of primary and secondary bile acids on the development of cholelithiasis and GBC and to investigate the association, if any, among the two groups of bile acids.Methods: The study uses two groups of patients at a time selected in accordance with some pre-fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The demographic characteristics such as mean age, sex ratio and body mass index, etc. are obtained for the selected groups of patients. The study defines dichotomous responses and the four bile acid constituents, namely cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), as the predictors. It then assumes logistic regression model to associate the binary responses with the predictors by using probability scores. Bayes analysis is developed using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) pack in R software for the posterior simulation.Results: Twenty one cholelithiasis patients and twenty patients in each of control and GBC groups are studied. It is seen that a unit decrement in the level of CA (CDCA) increases the log (odds ratio) for cholelithiasis by an amount of 0.49 (0.14) and odds ratio by almost 1.5 (1.12). Similarly, a unit increment in the level of DCA (LCA) provides the log (odds ratio) for cholelithiasis as 0.18 (1.3) and odds ratio as 1.16 (2.95). Comparing GBC with control population, it is noted that a unit decrease in the level of CA (CDCA) in the control population increases the log (odds ratio) for GBC by an amount of 1.16(0.26) and odds ratio by almost 2.63 (1.24) times. Similarly, the log(odds ratio) for GBC increases by 0.77(1.94) and the odds ratio increases by 1.9 (5.0) for the unit increment in the level of DCA(LCA).Conclusions: The study observes relatively high variations in the primary and secondary bile acids in the cholelithiasis and GBC groups as compared with the control group. It, in turn, reflects strong association among the two categories of bile acids in gallbladder diseases

Convergence Estimates of a Family of Approximation Operators of Exponential Type

[EN] The main object of this article is to consider a family of approximation operators of exponential type, which has presumably not been studied earlier due mainly to their seemingly complicated behavior. We estimate and establish a quantitative asymptotic formula in terms of the modulus of continuity with exponential growth, a Korovkin-type result for exponential functions and also a Voronovskaja-type asymptotic formula in the simultaneous approximation.The authors wish to thank the referee for a careful reading of their submission and for a number of valuable comments and suggestions which have significantly improved this paper. The second-named author is supported by Grant PGC2018-094431-B-I00 of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain.Gupta, V.; López Pellicer, M.; Srivastava, HM. (2020). Convergence Estimates of a Family of Approximation Operators of Exponential Type. Filomat. 34(13):4329-4341. https://doi.org/10.2298/FIL2013329GS43294341341