Comparison of the Old Commentaries

Tolkappiyam is a great grammar and the grammar books that appeared before the Tolkappiyam have perished in the flood of that time. Tolkappiyam has been protected by the writers and it is the major reason for its survival. Sollathikaram, in Tolkappiyam alone has six Old Commentaries namely Ilampuranar, Saenavaraiyar, Deyvaccilaiyar, Naccinarkkiniyar, Kallatanar, Palaiyavuraikarar. If one of these texts is compared to other texts, it will greatly contribute to the development of knowledge and the study of truth. Thus, the article compares the discourses and histories shown by the speakers in the series Punariya Nilaiid Purunilai Kudanavum, which focuses on the distinction between words and the meaning

The Proposal for an Indo-Pacific Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation: a Critical Reassessment

The emergence of the Indo- Pacific construct brings about interesting avenues for cooperation among states in the region. Characterised by the intertwining geographies of the Indian and the Pacific Oceans, the Indo- Pacific region is home to some of the most diverse peoples and economies in the world. In a speech delivered at the CSIS, Washington in 2013, the former Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegwa outlined the need for an “Indo- Pacific Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation”. In efforts to continue to address the prospects and challenges for a treaty among the major powers in the Indo- Pacific region, the article argues that a treaty would be necessary step and but should be concluded when sufficient groundwork for it is concluded. The article also argues that, the Indo – pacific concept would be best addressed if there is increased institutionalization of the concept and increased cooperation among middle powers such as India, Indonesia and Australia

Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Hypoglycaemia is the most frequent and serious complication of insulin therapy and is three times more common in those who are intensively treated. Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia is a major limitation to achieving tight diabetes. Asymptomatic biochemical hypoglycaemia occurs more frequently during routine blood glucose monitoring and this should alert the clinician that the individual is developing hypoglycaemic unawareness. Though the etiology of hypoglycaemic unawareness is multifactorial, possible mechanisms include chronic exposure to low blood glucose, antecedent hypoglycaemia, recurrent severe hypoglycaemia and the failure of counter-regulatory hormones. Diabetic patients with history of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia perform poorly on cognitive function testing and this may be restored by relaxation of glycaemic control. The question of whether human insulin produces hypoglycaemia awareness has been hotly debated but this does not appear to be a major problem considering the number of patients on human insulin. The decision to use one or other of the insulins therefore rests entirely with the physician. Low blood glucose awareness training programmes can help to identify and prevent hypoglycaemia unawareness. Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia can probably be reversed by scrupulous avoidance of hypoglycaemia

Macro and microscopic evaluation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. – A botanical pharmacognostic approach for quality control of raw drug material

Gmelina arborea Roxb. of family Verbenaceae, is one of the highly valued medicinal plant used in numerous traditional medical formulations. It belongs to the ‘Dasamoola’ group of ayurvedic medicinal plants and hence widely exploited. Pharmacognostic techniques involving macroscopic, microscopic and also dry powder analysis serve as botanical methods which help in the correct identification of the crude drug. Leaf constants such as stomatal number, stomatal index, vein islet number, vein termination number also have been determined. Better quality control practices in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries demand the correct identification of the dried plants or powdered drug thereby detects and prevents the adulterations, if any. The challenge ahead of this investigation is to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the plant following standard methodology

An illustrative case report emphasizing the biological plating of a comminuted intra-articular fracture

Comminuted intra-articular fractures are very common in high energy traumas, conventional open reduction and plate fixation has been associated with many complications as they disturb the fracture biology and hence minimally invasive plating came into existence. We are reporting a 17 year old boy who met with road traffic accident sustained an AO type 33C2 injury to left femur with severe metaphyseal comminution treated by minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis technique who achieved full radiological union at the end of 4 months and full functional recovery at 8 months follow-up. This case emphasizes the need for preservation of fracture biology which is of paramount importance in healing of comminuted fractures

Pico Processor Using Verilog HDL

© ASEE 2009The Pico processor is a scaled down RISC processor hence the name “Pico”. Pico processors form an integral part in a network. They act as co-processors to Network processors. The network processors are in-charge of various complex functions such as routing, packet switching, queuing, encryption, decryption, pattern matching, computation and other such tasks. Many Pico processors work in parallel with the network processor, which leads to reduced computing time and improved performance (speed). This in turn increases the processing power of the network processor. One of the main uses of the Pico processor is to take care of the computation part of the network processor. Our project aims to further improve the performance of the network processor by increasing the processing speed of the Pico processor. We can do this by altering the architecture of the current Pico processors to accommodate a five stage pipeline. By doing so, we can manage to increase the speed of execution of each instruction by up to five times. The five stages which we have incorporated in our architecture are Instruction Fetch, Instruction Decode, Execute, Memory I/O and Write Back. The Pico processor is designed and simulated with ModelSim 6.2c. The logic synthesis of the Pico processor is performed using Quartus II software. The simulation results demonstrate the correct functions of the designed Pico processor. Significant performance enhancement has been observed in the designed Pico processor

AN INVESTIGATION ON DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARECANUT TREE CLIMBER

The people in rural areas of Karnataka and Kerala mainly depend on agriculture for their livelihood. The main crops grown are Arecanut and coconut. For harvesting the nuts, and for spraying and applying insecticides on the crown, skilled labourers have to climb manually up the tree. Such a process looks easy, in reality it is a laborious and dangerous task. It requires skill to climb a arecanut tree. Skilled arecanut tree climbers have become scarce and farmers are finding it difficult to harvest the nuts. There are many equipments/ machines in the market to help the farmers in this regard. But they are not successful as the input for them is muscular power of the labour and it requires a person to physically climb the tree. There is no 100% safe arecanut harvesting device currently in the market. There is a need to invent a machine to address both efficiency and safety. The design of the device has to be simple enough for villagers to operate, yet work efficiently to appeal to the majority. Here we are designing and fabricating motorized arecanut tree climber. The tree climber has a base on which the drive system is mounted. The power from the motor to the rollers is transmitted by using sprocket and chain drive. To obtain the required speed of the rollers a reduction gear box is used in between the motor and the rollers. The machine is placed around the tree and clamped to it using a swivel opening on one side of the base. Due to the weight of the motor, gear box and some extra mass concentrated on one end of the base the machine locks itself to the tree. Now the motor is switched ON to drive the rollers. When the rollers rotate gripping the tree, the whole setup is lifted along the length of the tree. After reaching the required height the motor is switched OFF. By having suitable auxiliary equipments for spraying pesticides, plucking the nuts on the setup and suitable controlling methods for those equipments the required job can be performed. Once the job is done the motor is made to rotate in the reverse direction to descend down the tree