Jednodnevna dijagnostika

At the University Hospital for Tumors, University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice about 700 breast cancers and about 150 benign changes of the breast are operated annually. After mammography and ultrasound, basic distinction between benign and malignant is achieved by fine needle (FNAC aspiration) under visual control of various radiological methods, mainly ultrasound (US). Importance of early cancer diagnosis and planned treatment action achieve the best outcomes. In order to bridge the time gap between different diagnostics and reduce psychological stress, we introduced the concept of one-day clinic into our outpatient practice. Service comprises triple diagnostic test when a lesion is suspected along with treatment plan according to the diagnosis in 8 hour time frame. The service has been operating for the past two years and has had positive response from both staff and patients.U Klinici za tumore Kliničkog bolničkog centra Sestre milosrdnice, godišnje se operira oko 700 karcinoma dojke i oko 150 benignih lezija dojke. Nakon mamografije i ultrazvuka, razlikovanje malignih od benignih tumora se postiže punkcijom pod kontrolom različitih radioloških metoda, prvenstveno ultrazvuka. Važnost ranog otkrivanja raka i planiranje liječenja daju najbolje rezultate. Kako bi se premostili vremenski periodi između različitih dijagnostičkih postupaka i reducirao stres koji nastaje iščekivanjem rezultata, uveli smo koncept jednodnevne dijagnostike. Usluga se sastoji od trojnog dijagnostičkog testa u slučaju sumnje na tumor i plana liječenja u vremenskom okviru od 8 sati. Jednodnevna dijagnostika djeluje zadnje dvije godine i izazvala je pozitivne reakcije kod pacijenata i kod osoblja

Jednodnevna dijagnostika

At the University Hospital for Tumors, University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice about 700 breast cancers and about 150 benign changes of the breast are operated annually. After mammography and ultrasound, basic distinction between benign and malignant is achieved by fine needle (FNAC aspiration) under visual control of various radiological methods, mainly ultrasound (US). Importance of early cancer diagnosis and planned treatment action achieve the best outcomes. In order to bridge the time gap between different diagnostics and reduce psychological stress, we introduced the concept of one-day clinic into our outpatient practice. Service comprises triple diagnostic test when a lesion is suspected along with treatment plan according to the diagnosis in 8 hour time frame. The service has been operating for the past two years and has had positive response from both staff and patients.U Klinici za tumore Kliničkog bolničkog centra Sestre milosrdnice, godišnje se operira oko 700 karcinoma dojke i oko 150 benignih lezija dojke. Nakon mamografije i ultrazvuka, razlikovanje malignih od benignih tumora se postiže punkcijom pod kontrolom različitih radioloških metoda, prvenstveno ultrazvuka. Važnost ranog otkrivanja raka i planiranje liječenja daju najbolje rezultate. Kako bi se premostili vremenski periodi između različitih dijagnostičkih postupaka i reducirao stres koji nastaje iščekivanjem rezultata, uveli smo koncept jednodnevne dijagnostike. Usluga se sastoji od trojnog dijagnostičkog testa u slučaju sumnje na tumor i plana liječenja u vremenskom okviru od 8 sati. Jednodnevna dijagnostika djeluje zadnje dvije godine i izazvala je pozitivne reakcije kod pacijenata i kod osoblja

The MAP kinase ERK and its scaffold protein MP1 interact with the chromatin regulator Corto during Drosophila wing tissue development

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades (p38, JNK, ERK pathways) are involved in cell fate acquisition during development. These kinase modules are associated with scaffold proteins that control their activity. In <it>Drosophila</it>, <it>dMP1</it>, that encodes an ERK scaffold protein, regulates ERK signaling during wing development and contributes to intervein and vein cell differentiation. Functional relationships during wing development between a chromatin regulator, the Enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb Corto, ERK and its scaffold protein dMP1, are examined here.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Genetic interactions show that <it>corto </it>and <it>dMP1 </it>act together to antagonize <it>rolled </it>(which encodes ERK) in the future intervein cells, thus promoting intervein fate. Although Corto, ERK and dMP1 are present in both cytoplasmic and nucleus compartments, they interact exclusively in nucleus extracts. Furthermore, Corto, ERK and dMP1 co-localize on several sites on polytene chromosomes, suggesting that they regulate gene expression directly on chromatin. Finally, Corto is phosphorylated. Interestingly, its phosphorylation pattern differs between cytoplasm and nucleus and changes upon ERK activation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data therefore suggest that the Enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb Corto could participate in regulating vein and intervein genes during wing tissue development in response to ERK signaling.</p

Pattern de pigmentation et contraintes développementales: les sites d'attachement des muscles du vol délimitent le trident thoracique de Drosophila melanogaster

International audienceIn their seminal paper published in 1979, Gould and Lewontin argued that some traits arise as by-products of the development of other structures and not for direct utility in themselves. We show here that this applies to the trident, a pigmentation pattern observed on the thorax of Drosophila melanogaster. Using reporter constructs, we show that the expression domain of several genes encoding pigmentation enzymes follows the trident shape. This domain is complementary to the expression pattern of stripe (sr), which encodes an essential transcription factor specifying flight muscle attachment sites. We demonstrate that sr limits the expression of these pigmentation enzyme genes to the trident by repressing them in its own expression domain, i.e. at the flight muscle attachment sites. We give evidence that repression of not only yellow but also other pigmentation genes, notably tan, is involved in the trident shape. The flight muscle attachment sites and sr expression patterns are remarkably conserved in dipterans reflecting the essential role of sr. Our data suggest that the trident is a by-product of flight muscle attachment site patterning that arose when sr was co-opted for the regulation of pigmentation enzyme coding genes

Demystifying molecular techniques in cytopathology practice

The last decade was stimulating with the introduction of new molecular techniques to be applied in pathology laboratories. Accordingly, cytology was also benefited with the innovations emerged from this new era. Molecular cytopathology (MCP) can be defined as molecular studies applied on all types of cytological specimens, namely gynaecology cytology, exfoliative non-gyn cytology and fine needle aspirates. The development of a huge amount of new ancillary techniques has paralleled the emergence of clinical cytology as a major diagnostic speciality. Clinical applications of these techniques have been growing in the last decade. The widespread acceptance of liquid-based systems in gynaecological cytology is a paramount episode which re-draws the relation between cells and molecules. The stretched use of approaches, morphology and molecular biology, in HPV-induced lesions settings, e.g., revealed a potential to optimize, in one single brushed sample, diagnosis and research. Cytology samples from serous effusions, pulmonary tree, bladder urine, and aspirations, among others, are now likely to be studied by different molecular techniques for helping in diagnosis, prognosis, or even to assess therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight the main results already published concerning the application of molecular techniques in different fields of cytopathology and discuss their application

Specific antiviral activities of the human α interferons are determined at the level of receptor (IFNAR) structure

AbstractDifferences in activity among the family of human IFNs α are much reduced if these ligands are assayed on bovine cells. In particular, the activity of IFN αD is much higher on bovine than on human cells. To examine these differences, the bovine counterpart of the human IFNAR has been cloned and expressed in a human cell line. The transfected cell line now recognizes the human IFN αD as a high-specific-activity IFN subtype, indicating that the differences in sensitivity between the bovine and human cells to the human IFN α lie in the structure of the IFNAR chain rather than in the other components of the functional receptor

Regulation of CD4+NKG2D+ Th1 cells in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with sorafenib : role of IL-15Rα and NKG2D triggering

Beyond cancer-cell intrinsic factors, the immune status of the host has a prognostic impact on patients with cancer and influences the effects of conventional chemotherapies. Metastatic melanoma is intrinsically immunogenic, thereby facilitating the search for immune biomarkers of clinical responses to cytotoxic agents. Here, we show that a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, upregulates interleukin (IL)-15Rα in vitro and in vivo in patients with melanoma, and in conjunction with natural killer (NK) group 2D (NKG2D) ligands, contributes to the Th1 polarization and accumulation of peripheral CD4+NKG2D+ T cells. Hence, the increase of blood CD4+NKG2D+ T cells after two cycles of sorafenib (combined with temozolomide) was associated with prolonged survival in a prospective phase I/II trial enrolling 63 patients with metastatic melanoma who did not receive vemurafenib nor immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies. In contrast, in metastatic melanoma patients treated with classical treatment modalities, this CD4+NKG2D+ subset failed to correlate with prognosis. These findings indicate that sorafenib may be used as an "adjuvant" molecule capable of inducing or restoring IL-15Rα/IL-15 in tumors expressing MHCclass I-related chain A/B (MICA/B) and on circulating monocytes of responding patients, hereby contributing to the bioactivity of NKG2D+ Th1 cells.peer-reviewe

Corto and DSP1 interact and bind to a maintenance element of the Scr Hox gene: understanding the role of Enhancers of trithorax and Polycomb

BACKGROUND: Polycomb-group genes (PcG) encode proteins that maintain homeotic (Hox) gene repression throughout development. Conversely, trithorax-group (trxG) genes encode positive factors required for maintenance of long term Hox gene activation. Both kinds of factors bind chromatin regions called maintenance elements (ME). Our previous work has shown that corto, which codes for a chromodomain protein, and dsp1, which codes for an HMGB protein, belong to a class of genes called the Enhancers of trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) that interact with both PcG and trxG. Moreover, dsp1 interacts with the Hox gene Scr, the DSP1 protein is present on a Scr ME in S2 cells but not in embryos. To understand better the role of ETP, we addressed genetic and molecular interactions between corto and dsp1. RESULTS: We show that Corto and DSP1 proteins co-localize at 91 sites on polytene chromosomes and co-immunoprecipitate in embryos. They interact directly through the DSP1 HMG-boxes and the amino-part of Corto, which contains a chromodomain. In order to search for a common target, we performed a genetic interaction analysis. We observed that corto mutants suppressed dsp1(1 )sex comb phenotypes and enhanced Antp(Scx )phenotypes, suggesting that corto and dsp1 are simultaneously involved in the regulation of Scr. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation of the Scr ME, we found that Corto was present on this ME both in Drosophila S2 cells and in embryos, whereas DSP1 was present only in S2 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that the proteins Corto and DSP1 are differently recruited to a Scr ME depending on whether the ME is active, as seen in S2 cells, or inactive, as in most embryonic cells. The presence of a given combination of ETPs on an ME would control the recruitment of either PcG or TrxG complexes, propagating the silenced or active state