LEADERSHIP THEORIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW BASED ON BIBLIOMETRIC AND CONTENT ANALYSIS METHODS

In this article, we investigated the existing knowledge of Leadership theories aiming at mapping the evolution of the main theories up to 120 years through collaborative networks. N = 3,968 publication records were extracted from Google Scholar through keyword searching, resulting in approximately one million citations. Based on these records, the study performed bibliometric analysis, including text network, citation, trend and content analysis, revealing themes in the field. The findings are helpful to scholars, students, leaders, and other practitioners, to gain a deeper understanding of the timeline, geographical spread, and development of theories. A careful literature review revealed that the scholarly research revolves mostly around (i) transformational Leadership; (ii) Contingency, and (iii) Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theories. Furthermore, the number of citations on leadership more than tripled in the last two decades and might double in the coming decades. This study also suggests recommendations for future studies

MEDIATION & DISPUTE BOARD RESOLUTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

In this article, we investigated the existing knowledge on Mediation, Dispute Resolution, and Dispute Boardaiming to map the subjects' evolution during the last century through collaborative networks. N = 3,230 publication records were extracted from Scopus and Google Scholar databases through keyword searching, resulting in approximately two million citations. We performed a bibliometric analysis, including text network, citation, trend, and content analysis, revealing themes in the field. The findings are helpful to scholars, students, leaders, and other practitioners, to gain a deeper understanding of the timeline, geographical spread, and development of the subjects. A careful content analysis revealed that the scholarly research revolves mainly around three themes: Mediation, Dispute Resolution, and Dispute Board. Furthermore, the number of citations on the subjects has tripled in the last two decades and is expected to double in the coming decades. Additionally, this paper makes suggestions for further investigation

Using Residential History and Groundwater Modeling to Examine Drinking Water Exposure and Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND. Spatial analyses of case-control data have suggested a possible link between breast cancer and groundwater plumes in upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts. OBJECTIVE. We integrated residential histories, public water distribution systems, and groundwater modeling within geographic information systems (GIS) to examine the association between exposure to drinking water that has been contaminated by wastewater effluent and breast cancer. METHODS. Exposure was assessed from 1947 to 1993 for 638 breast cancer cases who were diagnosed from 1983 to 1993 and 842 controls; we took into account residential mobility and drinking water source. To estimate the historical impact of effluent on drinking water wells, we modified a modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model (MODFLOW) from the U.S. Geological Survey. The analyses included latency and exposure duration. RESULTS. Wastewater effluent impacted the drinking water wells of study participants as early as 1966. For > 0-5 years of exposure (versus no exposure), associations were generally null. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for > 10 years of exposure were slightly increased, assuming latency periods of 0 or 10 years [AOR = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-1.9 and AOR = 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-3.2, respectively]. Statistically significant associations were estimated for ever-exposed versus never-exposed women when a 20-year latency period was assumed (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.4). A sensitivity analysis that classified exposures assuming lower well-pumping rates showed similar results. CONCLUSION. We investigated the hypothesis generated by earlier spatial analyses that exposure to drinking water contaminated by wastewater effluent may be associated with breast cancer. Using a detailed exposure assessment, we found an association with breast cancer that increased with longer latency and greater exposure duration.National Cancer Institute (5R03CA119703-02); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5P42 ES007381

A new method to quantify and compare the multiple components of fitness-A study case with kelp niche partition by divergent microstage adaptations to Temperature

Point 1 Management of crops, commercialized or protected species, plagues or life-cycle evolution are subjects requiring comparisons among different demographic strategies. The simpler methods fail in relating changes in vital rates with changes in population viability whereas more complex methods lack accuracy by neglecting interactions among vital rates. Point 2 The difference between the fitness (evaluated by the population growth rate.) of two alternative demographies is decomposed into the contributions of the differences between the pair-wised vital rates and their interactions. This is achieved through a full Taylor expansion (i.e. remainder = 0) of the demographic model. The significance of each term is determined by permutation tests under the null hypothesis that all demographies come from the same pool. Point 3 An example is given with periodic demographic matrices of the microscopic haploid phase of two kelp cryptic species observed to partition their niche occupation along the Chilean coast. The method provided clear and synthetic results showing conditional differentiation of reproduction is an important driver for their differences in fitness along the latitudinal temperature gradient. But it also demonstrated that interactions among vital rates cannot be neglected as they compose a significant part of the differences between demographies. Point 4 This method allows researchers to access the effects of multiple effective changes in a life-cycle from only two experiments. Evolutionists can determine with confidence the effective causes for changes in fitness whereas population managers can determine best strategies from simpler experimental designs.CONICYT-FRENCH EMBASSADY Ph.D. gran

Ecodesign Aplicado ao Mercado Náutico Brasileiro

O presente artigo é o resultado de pesquisa do Mestrado [omitido para revisão cega] que abordou o desenvolvimento de um sistema de plataforma modular para embarcações de 16 pés, fundamentado pelos princípios do ecodesign. A demanda do mercado náutico brasileiro oscila ao longo do ano, por interferências econômicas, climáticas, concorrência direta e indireta. Um dos problemas está na segmentação dos tipos de embarcação para aplicação e uso, que exige características específicas de acordo com a necessidade do potencial de mercado, como por exemplo, embarcações destinadas para pesca amadora, esportes náuticos e para o lazer. Deste modo, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa visou o desenvolvimento de um sistema de plataforma de produto, dotado de módulos intercambiáveis. A metodologia aplicada foi baseada no Projeto Integrado de Produtos sugerido por Back et. al. (2008) e pelo Projeto de Produtos Sustentáveis, apresentado por Manzini (2008), com o objetivo de criar uma solução de produto integrado aos critérios de preservação do meio ambiente. Como resultado, o sistema modular desenvolvido converte a embarcação em três produtos distintos para atuar no segmento de esportes náuticos, pesca amadora e lazer, além da criação de acessórios que convertem o produto de categoria, gerando novas possibilidades de personalização para o usuário. Com foco em eficiência operacional, a solução foi projetada para ganho de produtividade, redução do desperdício e aumento da qualidade durante a manufatura, além de considerar questões ambientais e apresentar diferencial competitivo, uma vez que a proposta prevê um ciclo de vida otimizado ao produto

Linear-in-the-parameters oblique least squares (LOLS) provides more accurate estimates of density-dependent survival

Survival is a fundamental demographic component and the importance of its accurate estimation goes beyond the traditional estimation of life expectancy. The evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life-cycles and the occurrence of its different ploidy phases at uneven abundances are hypothesized to be driven by differences in survival rates between haploids and diploids. We monitored Gracilaria chilensis, a commercially exploited red alga with an isomorphic biphasic life-cycle, having found density-dependent survival with competition and Allee effects. While estimating the linear-in-the-parameters survival function, all model I regression methods (i.e, vertical least squares) provided biased line-fits rendering them inappropriate for studies about ecology, evolution or population management. Hence, we developed an iterative two-step non-linear model II regression (i.e, oblique least squares), which provided improved line-fits and estimates of survival function parameters, while robust to the data aspects that usually turn the regression methods numerically unstable