DETECÇÃO MOLECULAR DE HEMOPLASMAS EM BOVINOS E OVINOS EM SISTEMA DE CRIAÇÃO CONSORCIADA DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL – DADOS PRELIMINARES

Micoplasmas hemotrópicos (hemoplasmas) são microrganismos gram-negativos e que ficam aderidos aos eritrócitos de diversas espécies de mamíferos. Em pequenos ruminantes, Mycoplasma ovis, e em bovinos, Mycoplasma wenyonii e ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ são as espécies já descritas. Nessas espécies animais a transmissão dos hemoplasmas pode estar relacionada à infestação por carrapatos ou picadas de moscas hematófagas. A infecção por hemoplasmas pode causar anemia hemolítica aguda, porém os sinais clínicos diferem de acordo com a espécie de hemoplasma envolvido, do animal parasitado, idade e sistema de produção em que é criado. Embora a hemoplasmose tenha sido relatada causando perdas econômicas significativas na criação de ruminantes em todo o mundo, dados de hemoplasmas em sistema de criação consorciada são inexistentes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é determinar a prevalência de hemoplasmas em bovinos e pequenos ruminantes provenientes de um sistema de criação consorciada no nordeste do Brasil. Até o momento, um total de 15 amostras (10 ovinos e cinco bovinos) foram triadas utilizando um protocolo de PCR para o gene 16S rRNA de hemoplasmas. As amostras positivas foram submetidas a uma PCR para o gene 23S rRNA de hemoplasmas. Todas as amostras foram positivas para o gene endógeno gliceraldeído 3-fosfato desidrogenase (gapdh). Todos as amostras de ovinos foram negativas para hemoplasmas. Três de cinco (60%) bovinos foram positivos para Mycoplasma spp. O estudo envolverá a triagem das amostras por PCR em tempo real

FAUNA IXODÍDEA DE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL – DADOS PRELIMINARES

Os carrapatos são conhecidos por parasitar uma variedade de hospedeiros domésticos e silvestres, incluindo mamíferos, aves, répteis e anfíbios. Além disso, muitos animais silvestres participam do ciclo epidemiológico de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar as espécies de carrapatos parasitando animais silvestres atendidos no Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal do paraná, Curitiba, Brasil. Os carrapatos foram coletados de 28 animais silvestres: uma anta (Tapirus terrestres), um cervídeo (Mazama sp.), um javali (Sus scrofa), dois bugios (Alouatta guariba), duas capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), 9 ouriços-cacheiros (Sphiggurus villosus), quatro tamanduás-mirins (Tamandua tetradactyla), seis gambás (Didelphis spp.), um gato-mourisco (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) e um teiú (Tupinambis sp.). Ao todo, foram coletados 115 carrapatos (65 machos, 33 fêmeas e 17 ninfas): Amblyomma aureolatum (1M, 3F, 2N) em dois bugios, um gambá e um gato-mourisco; Amblyomma calcaratum (8M, 2F) em 4 tamanduás-mirins; Amblyomma dubitatum (6M, 1F, 7N) em duas capivaras e um gambá; Amblyomma fuscum (3F) em um teiú; Amblyomma longirostre (28M, 8F, 4N) e Amblyomma parkeri (4M, 3F, 3N) em nove ouriços-cacheiros; Amblyomma ovale (1F) em um javali; Amblyomma sculptum (6M, 7F) em uma anta e um javali; Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (1N) em um cervídeo e Ixodes loricatus (12M, 5F) em cinco gambás. Estudos são necessários para melhor avaliar o papel dessas espécies na epidemiologia das doenças transmitidas por carrapatos

8-Hydroxyquinoline Schiff-base Compounds as Antioxidants and Modulators of Copper-Mediated Aβ Peptide Aggregation

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) in the brain are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and metal ions such as copper(II) and zinc(II) have been shown to play a role in the aggregation and toxicity of the Aβ peptide, the major constituent of these extracellular aggregates. Metal binding agents can promote the disaggregation of Aβ plaques, and have shown promise as AD therapeutics. Herein, we describe the syntheses and characterization of an acetohydrazone (8-H2QH), a thiosemicarbazone (8-H2QT), and a semicarbazone (8-H2QS) derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline. The three compounds are shown to be neutral at pH 7.4, and are potent antioxidants as measured by a Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. The ligands form complexes with CuII, 8-H2QT in a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio, and 8-H2QH and 8-H2QS in a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio. A preliminary aggregation inhibition assay using the Aβ1–40 peptide showed that 8-H2QS and 8-H2QH inhibit peptide aggregation in the presence of CuII. Native gel electrophoresis/Western blot and TEM images were obtained to give a more detailed picture of the extent and pathways of Aβ aggregation using the more neurotoxic Aβ1 −42 in the presence and absence of CuII, 8-H2QH, 8-H2QS and the drug candidate PBT2. An increase in the formation of oligomeric species is evident in the presence of CuII. However, in the presence of ligands and CuII, the results match those for the peptide alone, suggesting that the ligands function by sequestering CuII and limiting oligomer formation in this assay

Scents from the Brazilian Cerrado: The essential oil from Siparuna brasiliensis (Siparunaceae)

Cerrado is a term used to describe a savannah-like vegetation, occurring in Central Brazil. It is considered one of the 25 most important biodiversity hotspots in the world and has numerous herbs, including several aromatic plant families, many of which have never been subjected to chemical study [1]. Siparuna brasiliensis (Spreng.) A. DC. (family Siparunaceae) is an endemic Brazilian species, occurring in both the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest [2]. Differently from other Siparuna species, very few chemical data are available about S. brasiliensis, and none so far regarding its essential oil. During a systematic investigation on the Cerrado flora, S. brasiliensis (CEN herbarium voucher 88294) was sampled in Brasilia, Brazil, and the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation. According to Brazilian law, collection and access were authorized by the Ministry of Environment (process IBAMA 02001.003166/2013-26). The oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS on Agilent 7890A and 5975C systems, both with HP-5MS fused silica capillary columns (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm). Oil components were identified by comparison of both mass spectra and linear retention indices with spectral libraries and literature. Oil yield was 0.7%. Only 11 compounds were detected, all but one identified by mass spectra and retention indices. Most of the constituents were closely related sesquiterpenes, with gurjunane and guaiane skeletons. The major compound was cyclocolorenone (75.5%). Other components present were 11-hydroxy-3,5-guaiadiene (tentative identification), 2-tridecanone (3.6%), α-cadinol (3.4%) and viridiflorol (3.4%)

Scents from the Brazilian Cerrado: The essential oil from Calea hymenolepis (Asteraceae)

The Brazilian Cerrado is a savannah-like biome with more than 12,000 botanical species in Central Brazil. It is an endangered biome, and considered to be a biodiversity hotspot [1]. Calea hymenolepis Baker is a shrub native from the Cerrado. Samples from a population (n>5) were collected from a rupestrian field in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, in Goiás State, Brazil. According to Brazilian law, collection and access were authorized by the Ministry of Environment (process IBAMA 02001.003166/2013-26). A voucher was deposited at the Embrapa Genetic Resources herbarium and the essential oil was obtained from the leaves by hydrodistillation for 2 h, using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS on Agilent 7890A and 5975C systems, both with HP-5MS fused silica capillary columns (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm). Oil components were identified by comparison of both mass spectra and linear retention indices with spectral libraries and literature. Oil yield was 0.2%. Major compounds present were α-phellandrene (34.2%), p-cymene (10.6%), germacrene D (8.5%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (6.3%) and δ-elemene (4.6%). The oil composition was quite different from other Calea, like C. clematidea, rich in clematerol, a terpenic epoxide [3]. Although subject to systematic phytochemical studies since the 1980's, with the identification of sesquiterpene lactones, chromones, benzopyrans, flavonoids, chalcones and even acetylenes, very few studies have been published regarding the essential oil of Calea species [2]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis on the essential oil from Calea hymenolepis

The INT Search for Metal-Poor Stars. Spectroscopic Observations and Classification via Artificial Neural Networks

With the dual aims of enlarging the list of extremely metal-poor stars identified in the Galaxy, and boosting the numbers of moderately metal-deficient stars in directions that sample the rotational properties of the thick disk, we have used the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope and the Intermediate Dispersion Spectrograph to carry out a survey of brighter (primarily northern hemisphere) metal-poor candidates selected from the HK objective-prism/interference-filter survey of Beers and collaborators. Over the course of only three observing runs (15 nights) we have obtained medium-resolution (resolving power ~ 2000) spectra for 1203 objects (V ~ 11-15). Spectral absorption-line indices and radial velocities have been measured for all of the candidates. Metallicities, quantified by [Fe/H], and intrinsic (B-V)o colors have been estimated for 731 stars with effective temperatures cooler than roughly 6500 K, making use of artificial neural networks (ANNs), trained with spectral indices. We show that this method performs as well as a previously explored Ca II K calibration technique, yet it presents some practical advantages. Among the candidates in our sample, we identify 195 stars with [Fe/H] <= -1.0, 67 stars with [Fe/H] <= -2.0, and 12 new stars with [Fe/H] <= -3.0. Although the EFECTIVE YIELD of metal-poor stars in our sample is not as large as previous HK survey follow-up programs, the rate of discovery per unit of telescope time is quite high.Comment: 27 pages (including 13 figures) + 6 tables (20 pages); uses aastex, lscape and graphicx; to appear in A

Modelling the distribution of Amazonian tree species in response to long-term climate change during the mid-late Holocene

Aim To (a) assess the environmental suitability for rainforest tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae across Amazonia during the Mid‐Late Holocene and (b) determine the extent to which their distributions increased in response to long‐term climate change over this period. Location Amazonia. Taxon Tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae. Methods We used MaxEnt and inverse distance weighting interpolation to produce environmental suitability and relative abundance models at 0.5‐degree resolution for tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae, based on natural history collections and a large plot dataset. To test the response of the Amazon rainforest to long‐term climate change, we quantified the increase in environmental suitability and modelled species richness for both families since the Mid‐Holocene (past 6,000 years). To test the correlation between the relative abundance of these species in modern vegetation versus modern pollen assemblages, we analysed the surface pollen spectra from 46 previously published paleoecological sites. Results We found that the mean environmental suitability in Amazonia for species of Moraceae and Urticaceae showed a slight increase (6.5%) over the past 6,000 years, although southern ecotonal Amazonia and the Guiana Shield showed much higher increases (up to 68%). The accompanied modelled mean species richness increased by as much as 120% throughout Amazonia. The mean relative abundance of Moraceae and Urticaceae correlated significantly with the modern pollen assemblages for these families. Main Conclusions Increasing precipitation between the Mid‐ and Late Holocene expanded suitable environmental conditions for Amazonian humid rainforest tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae, leading to rainforest expansion in ecotonal areas of Amazonia, consistent with previously published fossil pollen data

Detection of rabies virus nucleoprotein-RNA in several organs outside the Central Nervous System in naturally-infected vampire bats

Rabies is a neurological disease, but the rabies virus spread to several organs outside the central nervous system (CNS). The rabies virus antigen or RNA has been identified from the salivary glands, the lungs, the kidneys, the heart and the liver. This work aimed to identify the presence of the rabies virus in non-neuronal organs from naturally-infected vampire bats and to study the rabies virus in the salivary glands of healthy vampire bats. Out of the five bats that were positive for rabies in the CNS, by fluorescent antibody test (FAT), viral isolation in N2A cells and reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 100% (5/5) were positive for rabies in samples of the tongue and the heart, 80% (4/5) in the kidneys, 40% (2/5) in samples of the salivary glands and the lungs, and 20% (1/5) in the liver by RT-PCR test. All the nine bats that were negative for rabies in the CNS, by FAT, viral isolation and RT-PCR were negative for rabies in the salivary glands by RT-PCR test. Possible consequences for rabies epidemiology and pathogenesis are discussed in this work. INDEX TERMS: Lyssavirus, Desmodus rotundus, non-neuronal organs, rabies. RESUMO.-[Detecção de núcleoproteína-RNA do vírus rábico em diversos órgãos fora do sistema nervoso central de morcegos hematófagos infectados naturalmente.] A raiva é uma doença neurológica, mas o vírus da raiva se dispersa para diversos órgãos fora do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Antígeno ou RNA do vírus da raiva já foram detectados em vários órgãos, tais como glândula salivar, pulmão, rim, coração e fígado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a presença do vírus da raiva em órgãos não neuronais de morcegos hematófagos infectados naturalmente, e pesquisar a presença do ví-rus na glândula salivar de morcegos hematófagos sadios. Dos cinco morcegos positivos para a raiva no SNC pelas técnicas de imunofluorescência direta e isolamento viral em células N2A, 100% (5/5) foram positivos para a raiva nas amostras de língua e coração, 80% (4/5) no rim, 40% (2/5) nas amostras de glândula salivar e pulmão, e 20% (4/5) no fígado pela técnica de RT-PCR. Todos os nove morcegos negativos no SNC, pela imunofluorescência e isolamento viral, foram negativos na glândula salivar pela RT-PCR. Possíveis consequências para a epidemiologia e patogênese da raiva são discutidas

Alocação de recursos de Hardware em arquitetura C-RAN utilizando DPSO / Hardware resource Allocation in C-RAN Architecture Using DPSO

O aumento da demanda de dados, gerados em sua grande maioria por aplicativos de multimídia, torna o funcionamento da nova geração de redes moveis uma tarefa desafiadora. Uma das propostas para suportar esse trafego e a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN), a qual centraliza o poder de processamento a fim de resolver o desbalanceamento de carga, executando a alocação recursos conforme a demanda da rede. Neste trabalho, e proposto um modelo de alocação de recursos que otimiza o balanceamento de carga a nível da BBU (Baseband Unit). O DPSO (Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization) é usado para a otimização da função objetivo. Os resultados apontam um desempenho superior desta função em comparação ao benchmarking em cenários de alta e baixa densidade de trafego na rede.  

Indigestible foreign bodies in the forestomach of slaughtered goats in Mogadishu, Somalia

Background and Aim: The primary domestic animal in Somali communities is the goat. Their main economic importance is as a food source and a main form of agriculture in the country. There has been a recent decline in the goat population in Somalia, which may be due to the shortage of feed and an increasingly contaminated environment that is affecting the population’s food supply and nutritional status. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with indigestible foreign bodies (IFBs) ingestion in goats in Mogadishu, Somalia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Somalia Meat Company in Mogadishu, Somalia, in February 2022. A total of 250 goats were included in this study, and records were kept on age, sex, body condition, and location. Following the slaughter, goats were inspected for IFBs, and their stomach compartments were incised and examined. Indigestible foreign body classifications was noted and subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. Results: A total of 90/250 (36%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.1-42.3) goats presented IFBs, being 71/90 (79%; 95% CI: 69-87) in the rumen, 12/90 (13%; 95% CI: 7-22) in the reticulum, and seven/90 (8%; 95% CI: 3-15) on both. The most observed IFBs were plastic in 71/90 (79%; 95% CI: 69-87), followed by ropes in eight/90 (10%; 95% CI: 5-18). A high IFB prevalence was observed in goats aged >2–≤3 years (44%), followed by >3 years (36%). The lowest frequency was observed in goats aged <2 years (30%). Overall, there was an association between IFBs in goats and poor body conditions (χ2 = 47%, p < 0.04). Conclusion: The absence of a plastic waste disposal system in the area, and communal free-grazing of livestock in highly contaminated sites, appeared to be significant contributors to the high occurrence of IFBs in goats. Therefore, appropriate policies for solid waste management should be implemented