Kinetic parameters estimation using the Paired Equivalent Isothermal Exposures (PEIE) Method under non-isothermal heating conditions

With the purpose of testing the recently developed Paired Equivalent Isothermal Exposures (PETE) method, to determine reaction kinetic parameters under nonisothermal conditions, continuous pasteurizations were carried out with a nectar of a tropical fruit [25% of Cupuacu (Theobroma grandiflorum) pulp and 15% of sugar] in order to estimate the ascorbic acid thermal degradation kinetic parameters. The experimental ascorbic acid thermal degradation activation energy (96±13kJ/mol) estimated by the PETE, compared well with the previously determined value (74±5kJ/mol) for the same product under isothermal conditions. The PETE method is a reliable, easy and faster method to estimate first order reactions activation energy

Optimization conditions of UV-C radiation combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lycopene extract

The aim of this work was to study the effect of UV-C radiation on ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of cherry tomato bioactive compounds. Cherry tomatoes were exposed to two UV-C radiation doses (0.5 and 1.0 J cm−2 ) and stored at 20 ± 0.5 oC for 7 days. Next, they were lyophilized, and the bioactive compounds were extracted by UAE at 20 KHz. To evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction process of the bioactive compounds, a CCRD (central composite rotational design) was used together with RSM (response surface methodology), for extraction times from 4 to 12 minutes and concentrations (g of lyophilized product / L of ethanol) of 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30. The extracts obtained from the irradiated tomatoes presented 5.8 times more lycopene content than the controls and higher antioxidant activity was obtained for 4 and 8 min, in the concentrations 1:10 and 1:20 (m v−1). Through numerical model optimization, optimal extraction conditions were obtained. The results demonstrated that by previously irradiating tomatoes with UV-C light, the UAE yielded considerably higher amounts of lycopene and other bioactives.CNPq (National Council of Technological and Scientific Development, Brazil), Erasmus Mundus action 2; Fellow Mundus Project; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering (UFSC - Brazil) and the Department of Food Engineering (UAlg - Portugal) .info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of cajazeira leaves (Spondias mombin) extracts

Cajazeira leaves (Spondias mombin) have their highlighted use as antioxidant and natural antimicrobial, which justifies the objective of this work to evaluate the biological activities of different extracts. In order to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the cajazeira leaves, extractions at low pressure and high pressure were performed. The low pressure extractions (PLE) were carried out using Soxhlet (SOX) and tip ultrasound, using different solvents. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated at temperature of 40-60 degrees C and pressure of 150-300 bar besides extraction with cosolvent. Higher yields were obtained with the use of more polar solvents at LPE. The extracts obtained by SOX with ethanol and others polar solvents presented the best TPC values and antioxidant activity. The extracts at LPE with hexane and ethyl acetate and SFE presented better antimicrobial activity. Through liquid chromatography of high efficiency, it was possible to identify compounds with recognized biological activity, like ellagic acid, gallic acid and catechin.CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)CAPESEuropean Commission, through Erasmus Mundus Progra

Dietas naturais na criação de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819; Diptera: Calliphoridae): estudo comparado Natural diets to rear Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819; Diptera: Calliphoridae): a comparative study

Procurou-se observar o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Chrysomya albiceps, testando-se, comparativamente, dietas à base de sardinha e carne eqüina. Os substratos frescos foram previamente mantidos a 30&deg;C de temperatura durante duas horas. Foram inoculadas 50 neolarvas em 100g de dieta por repetição. Utilizaram-se quatro repetições por tratamento. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de laboratório. O peso médio das larvas após o abandono espontâneo das dietas foi de 91,19mg, no substrato à base de carne eqüina e 76,01mg, no substrato à base de sardinha, a diferença foi, portanto, significativa. A taxa de sobrevivência larval registrada foi superior a 80%, enquanto a taxa de sobrevivência pupal foi próxima a 100%. A razão sexual foi próxima a 0,5. A dieta à base de carne eqüina mostrou-se mais adequada ao desenvolvimento de C. albiceps, pois as larvas mantidas neste substrato apresentaram-se mais pesadas, o que potencializa a capacidade reprodutiva do adulto.<br>The objective of the present study was to observe the postembryonic development of Chrysomya albiceps reared on sardines or horse meat and to compare the results. Fresh substratos were maintened m an oven ai 30&deg;C for 2 hours. Fifty newly emerged larvas were inoculated into 100g diel per reptication. Four replications per treatment were used. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions. The mean weight of postfeeding larvas was 91.19mg for especimens reared on horse meat and 76.01mg for especimens reared on sardines, with a marked difference between diets. Larval viability was more than 80% for the two diets, while pupal viability was dose to 100%. The sex ratio was about 0.5. The horse meat diet proved to be more adequate for the development of C. albiceps since the larvas weighed more, with consequent potentiations of adult reproductive abilily

Consumo, digestibilidade de nutrientes e parâmetros sanguíneos de cabras mestiças moxotó suplementadas com óleos de licuri ou mamona Intake, digestibility of nutrients and blood parameters of crossbred moxotó goats suplemented with licuri or castor oils

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a possibilidade da inclusão dos óleos de Licuri ou Mamona, em dois níveis, na dieta de cabras mestiças Moxotó, por meio do estudo do consumo de matéria seca, da digestibilidade e dos níveis de ureia, glicose e ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE) no sangue. Os tratamentos consistiam em um grupo controle sem óleo (SO) e adição de 3 ou 5% de óleo de Licuri (OL-3 ou OL-5) ou Mamona (OM-3 ou OM-5), com base na matéria seca. Foram utilizadas 10 cabras mestiças Moxotó em lactação, confinadas, distribuídas em um quadrado latino duplo (5 x 5), no qual cada período consistia em 12 dias de adaptação e três dias de coleta. A inclusão de óleo na dieta reduziu o consumo de matéria seca, com exceção do consumo dos animais suplementados com OM-3. No entanto, a adição de 3% de óleo não alterou o consumo de energia metabolizável e proteína bruta. Já a suplementação com OL-5 reduziu o consumo dos nutrientes, com exceção do consumo de extrato etéreo. A suplementação lipídica não alterou a digestibilidade da matéria seca, entretanto aumentou a digestibilidade da FDN e a digestibilidade aparente da PB e EE. Os níveis de glicose, ureia e AGNE sanguíneos não diferiram entre os tratamentos. É possível utilizar 3% de óleo de Mamona na dieta de cabras em lactação.<br>The objective of this research was to evaluate the possibility of including Castor or Licuri oil at two levels in the diets of crossbred Moxotó goat's through dry matter intake, digestibility and levels of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. The treatments consisted of control groups without oil, 3% or 5% of Licuri (LO-3 or LO-5) or Castor (CO-3 or CO-5) oil, based on dry matter supplementation. Ten Moxotó lactating goats were used according to a double Latin Square (5 x 5) experiment design. The addition of oil to the diet reduced the dry matter intake, except for animals that were supplemented with CO-3. However, the addition of 3% of oil didn&acute;t alter the intake of metabolizable energy and crude protein. The animals supplemented with LO-5 oil showed smaller nutrients intake, except for ether extract intake. The lipid supplement didn&acute;t alter the dry matter digestibility, however increased the NDF digestibility the CP and EE apparent digestibility. There was no difference among the glucose levels, urea and NEFA in the blood. It is possible to use 3 %Castor oil in the diet of lactating goats

Padrão de fermentação e composição químico-bromatológica de silagens de jitirana lisa (Ipomoea glabra Choisy) e jitirana peluda (Jacquemontia asarifolia L. B. Smith) frescas e emurchecidas Fermentation pattern and chemical composition of fresh and wilted Ipomoea glabra choisy and Jaquemontia asarifolia L.B. Smith silages

Um experimento foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar o padrão de fermentação e a composição química de silagens de jitirana lisa (Ipomoea glabra Choisy) e jitirana peluda (Jacquemontia asarifolia L. B. Smith) frescas e emurchecidas. Para avaliação do padrão de fermentação, os silos (PVC) foram abertos aos 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de fermentação. Os delineamentos foram inteiramente casualizados, sendo que para avaliação do padrão de fermentação utilizaram-se parcelas sub-subdivididas, e análise de regressão para o fator tempo; e para a composição química, esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (espécie X tratamento), com quatro repetições. Nas forrageiras antes da ensilagem, foram determinados os valores de pH, N-NH3 (% do NT), carboidratos solúveis (CHOs) e poder tampão (PT). A cada tempo de abertura dos silos, foram realizadas as mesmas análises, exceto CHOs e PT. Para a composição química, após 28 dias de armazenamento, foram realizadas análises de MS, PB, FDA, FDN, MO, MM, EE e carboidratos solúveis residuais. Para as silagens de jitirana lisa emurchecida, verificou-se decréscimo linear da MS (Y= 26,3421 - 0,0526X) ao longo do armazenamento. Houve efeito linear crescente para os teores de N-NH3 das silagens de jitirana lisa fresca (Y=3,6360 + 0,0755X) e jitirana peluda fresca (Y= 3,6209 + 0,0687X). As silagens de jitirana peluda fresca apresentaram maior PB que as de jitirana peluda emurchecida, ao passo que as de jitirana lisa fresca tiveram menor valor de FDN que as de jitirana lisa emurchecida. As duas espécies estudadas são forrageiras nativas do semi-árido nordestino bastante promissoras, constituindo-se em alternativas para a conservação de volumosos via fermentação.<br>An experiment was carried out at to evaluate the fermentation pattern and chemical-bromatologycal composition of fresh and wilted Ipomoea glabra Choisy and Jaquemontia asarifolia L.B. Smith silages. To evaluate the fermentation pattern silos were open in 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 days of fermentation. The used design was completely randomized in split-plot to the fermentation pattern; and factorial outline 2 X 2 with four reapplication to the chemical analysis. In the material before ensiling were determined pH values, NH3-N (% of total nitrogen), soluble carbohydrates (SC) and buffer capacity (BC). At each silo opening, the same analyses were perfomed, except for SC and BC. After 28 days of conservation, contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE) and soluble carbohydrates residual (SCr) were analyzed. For Ipomoea glabra Choisy wilted silages, the DM content during fermentative process showed linear decrease (Y=26.3421 .0526X). It was observed linear increase in NH3-N on the Ipomoea glabra Choisy fresh silages (Y= 3.6360 + .755X) and Jaquemontia asarifolia L.B. Smith fresh silages (Y=3.6209 + .0687X). The results of chemical composition demonstrated Jaquemontia asarifolia L.B. Smith fresh silages presented higher CP than Jaquemontia asarifolia L.B. Smith wilted silages. Ipomoea glabra Choisy fresh silages showed lower NDF values than Ipomoea glabra Choisy wilted silages. Both species studied had showed it self to be native forages of north east region to forage conservation