Anti-Money Laundering Measures Versus European Union Fundamental Freedoms and Human Rights in the Recent Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice

This article will evaluate whether, and to what extent, preventive measures in the fight against money laundering may limit fundamental freedoms and human rights within the European Union (“EU”). It will analyze two judgments rendered by the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) and one judgment rendered by the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR”). In these three cases, the courts were asked to investigate the compatibility of specific Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) preventive measures with the freedom to provide services enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”) and human rights. Considering the gravity of the phenomenon, AML measures have gradually emerged as a “European general interest.” The Fourth EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive, which has been recently adopted, displays this compelling need

Della tratta di donne e ragazze nel diritto internazionale ed europeo: riflessioni sulla nozione giuridica di “sfruttamento sessuale” alla luce della sentenza S.M c. Croazia della Corte europea dei diritti umani

L’obiettivo del presente contributo è di indagare sull’evoluzione della nozione “sfruttamento sessuale” dal punto di vista giuridico nella prassi internazionale ed europea, con specifico riguardo alla sentenza S.M. c. Croazia, decisa dalla Grande Camera della Corte europea dei diritti umani il 25 giugno 2020. La sentenza propone una disarticolazione della nozione di sfruttamento sessuale a scopo di prostituzione da quella di tratta di esseri umani, per ricondurre entrambe nell’ambito di applicazione dell’articolo 4 Cedu. Il contributo elaborerà infine una possibile definizione giuridica di sfruttamento sessuale, che tiene conto dell’elemento dell’assenza del consenso. This Article aims at investigating the evolution of the concept “sexual exploitation” from a legal point of view in international and European practice. It specifically focuses on the judgment in the S.M. v. Croatia case, decided by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights on 25 June 2020. In the judgment, sexual exploitation for the purpose of prostitution is disentangled from the concept of human trafficking, and both are deemed to fall under the scope of Article 4 ECHR. The Article will elaborate a possible legal notion of sexual exploitation, which takes into account the absence of consent

Anti-Money Laundering Measures Versus European Union Fundamental Freedoms and Human Rights in the Recent \ud Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice

This article will evaluate whether, and to what extent, preventive measures in the fight against money laundering may limit fundamental freedoms and human rights within the European Union (“EU”). It will analyze two judgments rendered by the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) and one judgment rendered by the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR”). In these three cases, the courts were asked to investigate the compatibility of specific Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) preventive measures with the freedom to provide services enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”) and human rights. Considering the gravity of the phenomenon, AML measures have gradually emerged as a “European general interest.” The Fourth EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive, which has been recently adopted, displays this compelling need

The Relevance of Double Nationality to Conflict-of-Law Issues relating to Divorce and Legal Separation in Europe

The number of transnational couples, in which spouses have different nationalities or double nationality, or reside in different States, has been increasing in the last years. The aim of this article is to analyse the issue of double nationality in European family law, limiting the scope of research on matrimonial matters. It will be first argued that double nationality is not a new topic in the European Court of Justice (ECJ) case law, starting from the well-known Micheletti judgment. The principle outlined twenty years ago has been recently confirmed in the Hadadi case, regarding the determination of the competent court in divorce proceedings, thus in the field of private international law. It will then be analysed whether situations of double nationality are also likely to occur in conflict-of-laws issues. Reference must be made today to EU Regulation no. 1259/2010 on implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation. Since situations of double nationality are probable, three solutions will be envisaged, among which a possible «renewal» of the «effective nationality» principle in EU law. This article will finally argue that nationality, a traditional connecting factor well rooted in civil law countries, still resists and may have an important role in the choice of the applicable law by the parties to a dispute regarding divorce or legal separation

Prologo in Grecia. Premesse della spedizione di Dione in Sicilia

In this paper I regard a phase of life of Dion of Syracuse, which can better explain the circumstances of his action in Sicily. Through analytical reading of the pages of Diodorus and Plutarch, we can focus on the two poles of his political activity in Greece: Athens and Corinth. Athens is the place of the platonic paideia, but also the city that in a well-defined time (see some epigraphic documents) attempts to rebuild its international relevance; Corinth is the homeland, that keeps a strong feeling versus tyranny and a look to the West

LA GENERAL RECOMMENDATION N. 38 DEL COMITATO PER L’ELIMINAZIONE DI OGNI FORMA DI DISCRIMINAZIONE NEI CONFRONTI DELLE DONNE SULLA TRATTA DI DONNE E BAMBINE NEL CONTESTO DELLE MIGRAZIONI GLOBALI

Il contributo analizza criticamente, alla luce anche della nozione di sfruttamento sessuale, la Raccomandazione generale del Comitato contro ogni forma di discriminazione nei confronti delle donne (CEDAW) sulla tratta di donne e bambine nel contesto delle migrazioni globali (2020)

Inhibición de respuesta y conflicto cognitivo en adultos

Desde una perspectiva multidimensional, se considera que la inhibición comportamental (IC) es uno de los procesos inhibitorios. La IC es aquel proceso que interviene permitiendo suprimir o frenar las tendencias de respuestas dominantes pero inapropiadas. Tradicionalmente, se han considerado generalmente dos paradigmas para su evaluación: Stop Signal y Simon. Si bien en nuestro medio se han realizado estudios que analizan las relaciones entre ambos paradigmas en niños, aún resta analizar las mismas en población adulta. Este trabajo propone analizar las relaciones entre ambos paradigmas en población adulta argentina. Para analizar el funcionamiento de la IC se diseñaron y aplicaron dos tareas y/o medidas experimentales que se incluyen en una batería informatizada denominada Tareas de Autorregulación Cognitiva TAC (Introzzi, & Canet Juric, 2014): una medida de inhibición de respuesta de la Tarea de los dedos. Efecto Simon, y una tarea de inhibición comportamental Stop Signal. La muestra fue de 77 participantes adultos de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, de entre 18 y 46 años de edad. Los resultados reflejan que ambos paradigmas, aunque exploran distintos aspectos de la inhibición de respuesta, se encuentran moderadamente relacionados. Se discuten sus implicancias, se analiza si existe un desempeño equivalente en ambos paradigmas y el modo de funcionamiento de las tendencias prepotentes en el comportamiento del ser humano. Al mismo tiempo, se destaca la importancia y las ventajas del uso de medidas informatizadas que posibilitan la evaluación de este proceso inhibitorio, aislando la participación de otros procesos que impiden su interpretación.Response inhibition and cognitive conflict in adults. From a multidimensional perspective, it is considered that response inhibition (RI) is one of the inhibitory processes. The RI is that process that intervenes allowing to suppress or to restrain the tendencies of dominant but inappropriate answers. Traditionally, two paradigms have been generally considered for their assessment: Stop Signal and Simon. Although -in our environment- studies have been carried out that analyze the relationships between both paradigms in children, it still remains to analyze them in adult population. This research proposes to analyze the relationships between both paradigms in an argentine adult sample. To analyze the functioning of the RI, two tasks and/or experimental measures were designed and applied, which are included in a computerized battery called Tareas de Autorregulación Cognitiva - TAC: a measure of response inhibition of the Fingers Task - Simon effect, and a task of response inhibition - Stop Signal. A non probabilistic sample of 77 adult participants from the city of Mar del Plata, between 18 and 46 years of age, was assessed. The results reflect that both paradigms, although they explore different aspects of response inhibition, are moderately related. Its implications are discussed; it is analyzed if there is an equivalent performance in both paradigms and the mode of operation of prepotent tendencies in the behavior of the human being. At the same time, it highlights the importance and advantages of the use of computerized measures that enable the evaluation of this inhibitory process, isolating the participation of other processes that impede their interpretation.Fil: Richard´s, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vido, Valentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Cs.de la Salud y Servicio Social; ArgentinaFil: Zamora, Eliana Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Krzemien, Deisy. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Canet Juric, Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin